Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca
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Plant growth promoting characterization of indigenous phosphate solubilizing rhizobacteria and effects on germination of some crops in Vietnam
Get PDFInorganic Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) are widely present in nature and have been successfully applied in fields in many countries. However, researches on indigenous PSB are still very limited in Vietnam. The objective of this study was to isolate and evaluate the growth promoting characteristics and effects on germination of seed of indigenous PSB for fertilizer production from PSB. Thirteen isolates of indigenous PSB were collected using selective isolation medium containing Ca3(PO4)2, of which eight added the ability to dissolve AlPO4 and five isolates added the ability to dissolve FePO4. Initial qualitative tests indicated that all thirteen PSB isolates were incapable of HCN and lipase production while other growth promoting activities including amylase, caseinase, cellulase, chitinase, pectinase, indole acetic acid, K solubility, Zn solubility, and N fixation varied according to PSB isolate. The collected PSB isolates had no effect on seed germination rate, root length, and hypocotyl length of plantules of soybean, rice, maize, cucumber, tomato, and chili by plate assay. This study had shown that PSB was also common in the rhizosphere of various crops in Vietnam. Therefore, isolation to enrich the indigenous PSB collection was essential for the screening of suitable PSB strains for subsequent fertilizer production
In vitro evaluation of the antiproliferative activity of Piper retrofractum on human cholangiocarcinoma cells
Get PDFTo explore the effects of Piper retrofractum (PR) on CCA cells death, apoptosis, and migration. Two CCA cells, KKU-100 and KKU-M452, were used in this study. Cells were observed the growth by sulforhodamine B (SRB), colony formation, cell cycle arrest, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. Migratory capability was determined by Wound healing and matrigel migration method. From the results indicated that PR significantly suppressed the growth of both CCA cells through reducing cancer cells number, inhibiting colony formation, and arresting cell cycle distribution at G0/G1 phase in KKU-100 cells and S to G2/M phase in KKU-M452 cells. Furthermore, PR strongly increased late apoptosis and necrosis in both cancer cells via increasing ROS formation and decreasing mitochondrial function. In line with this finding, PR extracts suppressed migration in Wound healing and matrigel migration assay, especially in KKU-100 cells. Collectively, the present study suggested PR serve as an anticancer drug for the prevention and treatment of CCA
Quality of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) mixture silages depending on the share in the mixture and additives
Get PDFAlfalfa silage has a high potential for improving ruminant nutrition. A problem that frequently occurs during its preparation is the process of proteolysis, which could partially be avoided with the use of certain techniques and materials. Red clover, often used in form of silage, expresses weaker proteolysis due to the possession of certain chemical compounds. This research was conducted to study the effects of ensiled alfalfa and red clover mixtures, mixed at different ratios (100:0, 90:10, 70:30, 50:50, 30:70, and 0:100), as well as the influence of additives – two doses of oak tannin extract (6 g kg-1 DM and 12 g kg-1 DM) and bacterial inoculant (Enterococcus faecium, Bacillus plantarum, and Bacillus brevis) on fermentation parameters and protein fractions of the silages. The treatments which contained any of the used percentages of red clover, as well as the ones which received the higher dose of oak tannin (12 g kg-1 DM), reduced the ammonia nitrogen content, which is one of the main indicators of proteolysis. On the other hand, considering non-protein nitrogen, as another of the indicators of proteolysis, there was no positive sign of the contribution of red clover to the reduction of proteolysis in alfalfa, and neither there was a significant impact of additives that were applied in this experiment
Phylogeographic pattern of the high-alpine plant species Eritrichium nanum (Boraginaceae) within the Carpathians
Get PDFThe Carpathians represent not only a European hotspot of plant diversity for both species richness and endemism, but also an important stepping-stone area in historical migrations between the flora of the Asian and European mountain systems and a starting point of postglacial recolonizations for many species. Yet, until recent years, phylogeographical studies for alpine or arctic-alpine plants were focused on the Alps, whereas peripheral mountain ranges, including the Carpathians, were either neglected or insufficiently sampled. In this study, we aimed to complement the Alpine phylogeographic structure of an emblematic high-alpine European endemic taxon, Eritrichium nanum, by focusing on the Carpathian range of the species. We sampled nine populations from the South-Eastern Carpathians and performed ITS1 sequencing and AFLP fingerprinting. In case of ITS1 region, all the populations, no matter of their geographic origin, presented the same ribotype. The AFLP analysis indicated that, within the Carpathians, the extant populations of E. nanum comprised two major allopatric lineages. One important result of the research was the discovery that the species’ sole important genetic break was located in the Southern Carpathians, separating populations of the Retezat Mountains from all the others in the Carpathians
Bioactive principles, antibacterial and anticancer properties of Artemisia arborescens L.
Get PDFArtemisia arborescens is a medicinal and aromatic plant used in traditionally by the people of Saudi Arabia. This research attempts to evaluate the bioactive constituents of the plant using organic solvents, as well as the antibacterial and anticancer properties of plant extracts. The Phytochemical analysis of methanol extract revealed eleven bioactive constituents, identified by comparing their retention periods and GC-MS profiles to account for 52.45 percent of the studied extract. In the meantime, the extract of pet ether had demonstrated the presence of sixteen significant constituents, six of which were distinct sesquiterpene derivatives. In lipophilic plant extract, three higher alkanes made up 12.49% of the total. These higher alkanes were tetratriacontane (6.55%), hentriacontane (4.17%), and octacosane (1.77%). Studies on antimicrobial activity have revealed that both methanolic and petroleum ether extracts had a broad spectrum of activity against specific human pathogens. Both extracts, however, failed to exhibit any anti-Candida albicans activity. Methanolic extract not shown inhibition in the cell growth of MCF-7 cell, but petroleum ether extract had shown significant anti-cancer activity against MCF-7 cell with an IC50 of 13.49 µg/mL. the results obtained show that A. arborescens have a lot of potential for further research into variety of biological functions, against cancer and microbes.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi promote photosynthesis in Antirrhinum majus L. under low-temperature and weak-light conditions
Get PDFLow-temperature and weak-light conditions have major effects on the growth and flower quality of horticultural plants. A greenhouse pot experiment was performed to investigate the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (Funneliformis mosseae and Glomus versiforme) on the growth, photosynthesis, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.) under low-temperature and weak-light stress. The growth and biomass of snapdragon were higher following inoculation with F. mosseae and G. versiforme compared with control plants. The percentage of mycorrhizal colonization and root activity were high in A. majus plants with AMF. AMF inoculation enhanced the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and water use efficiency of plants under low-temperature and weak-light conditions. Furthermore, the chlorophyll content, potential activity of photosystem II (PSII), effective photochemistry quantum efficiency of PSII, actual photochemical quantum efficiency of PSII, and photochemical quenching coefficient were higher in AMF-inoculated plants than in uninoculated plants. The application of AMF reduced the intercellular CO2 concentration and non-photochemical quenching coefficient. Thus, snapdragon plants treated with F. mosseae and G. versiforme are more resistant to low-temperature and weak-light stress than untreated plants
Anticancer effects of Rhinacanthus nasutus and Acanthus ebracteatus extracts against human cervical cancer cells
Get PDFCervical cancer is second only to breast cancer in terms of incidence; however, it is the most lethal form of cancer among Thai women due to the asymptomatic nature of its early stages. This work aimed to examine cytotoxic and antiproliferative capacities of Rhinacanthus nasutus (RN) and Acanthus ebracteatus (AE) extracts against human cervical cancer cells (HeLa). Plant leaves were used for ethyl acetate extraction. The antioxidant assays, HPLC analysis, a cytotoxic MTT assay, a clonogenic assay and real-time PCR were conducted. Both RN and AE displayed similar DPPH scavenging activity (3.97 and 4.05 mg TE/g DW) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (4.79 and 4.35 mg Fe2+/g DW). However, AE was richer in total phenolic content than RN (13.30 and 10.84 mg GAE/g DW, respectively). Rutin, catechin, chlorogenic acid, and cinnamic acid were found in AE, whilst only cinnamic acid with much higher content was found in RN. Higher cytotoxicity of 91.73% against HeLa cells was found in RN (IC50 value of 62.06 µg/mL). RN showed higher antiproliferative effect (IC50 of 25.24 µg/mL) than AE (34.35 µg/mL). Genes (Bcl-2, Bax, MMP-2, MMP-9, caspase-3, p21, and cyclin D1) and proteins (cytochrome c, caspase-3 and p21) linked to apoptosis and migration were substantially more affected by RN. To conclude, both RN and AE hold promise as anticancer herbal plants against human cervical cancer; however, RN was more cytotoxic and antiproliferative in HeLa cells. RN offers a better alternative herbal medicine or complementary remedy to the standard drug for human cervical cancer treatment
Somatic embryogenesis in two cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) genotypes
Get PDFPlant breeding through hybridization in cassava is facing a problem due to inconsistent flowering, and also the donor genes controlling superior traits are limited. An alternative method of breeding is through genetic transformation, and regeneration via somatic embryogenesis is promising route to achieve this. As somatic embryogenesis in cassava is genotype-specific, in the present study a protocol has been developed for UJ-3 and BW-1 genotypes. Immature sterile leaves from 7-10 days axillary shoots in a pre-condition medium were used as an explant. Leaves were inoculated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing picloram (0.0, 7.5, 10.0, 12.5, and 15.0 mg/L) and 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA, 6 mg/L) for induction of somatic embryos (SEs). Genotype BW-1 showed best results as early callus formation time i.e. 8.04±0.32 days after induction (dai) compared to UJ-3 (8.67±2.13 dai). The callus fresh weight (0.64 g) was also higher in BW-1 than UJ-3 (0.38 g) after 4 weeks in callus induction medium (CIM), and the callus formation ranges between 85.19±3.70 to 96.30±3.70% for both genotypes. Subculturing embryogenic callus to MS+CuSO4 (4 µM) + picloram (6 mg/L) +NAA (0.5 mg/L) (SK1 medium) germinated maximum SEs in BW-1 (46.56±36.86), whereas the number was less for UJ-3 (11.89±11.90). Further, shoots were developed from green cotyledons followed by hardening and acclimatization of plantlets
Seed oil content, oil yield and fatty acids composition of black mustard [Brassica nigra (L.) Koch] in response to fertilization and plant density
Get PDFThe cultivation of black mustard [Brassica nigra (L.) Koch] has recently become increasingly popular and there is a raising demand for its oil and seeds from the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. A 2-year experiment was conducted in a split-plot design with three replications, two main plots (plant densities: 46 and 76 plants m-2) and four sub-plots (fertilization treatments: control, urea with and without urease and nitrification inhibitors, and compost) to evaluate the fertilization and plant density effect on seed oil content, oil yield, and fatty acids composition of black mustard under Mediterranean environment. The seed yield, oil content and yield were positively influenced by the increase of available nitrogen and negatively by the increase of plant density, with their highest values recorded in the low-density and urea with double inhibitors. In response to the quality characteristics of seed oil, low-density compost application raised the quantities of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). In conclusion, plant densities higher than 46 plants m-2 result in lower seed yield, oil content and yield, while the inorganic fertilization effect, specifically with urea with double inhibitors, was equally important in seed and oil yield; however, when the seed and/or oil are used for their nutraceutical and medicinal value, the use of compost is recommended, resulting in a significant increase in PUFA content
Сultivation experiment of Origanum vulgare L. in Northern Kazakhstan using nitrogen fertilizer
Get PDFThe purpose of the research is to determine the effect of ammonium nitrate fertilizer on the growth and yield of Origanum vulgare L. essential oil grown in Northern Kazakhstan. One-factor analysis proved that the introduction of ammonium nitrate positively affected the growth and yield of O. vulgare L., the yield of essential oil and the content of its individual components. Plant height increased by 19.3%, bush size – by 17.4%, yield – by 11.8%. Essential oil output of O. vulgare L. at the experimental site, compared to the control site, increased by 20% and the yield of extraction reached 0.60% and 0.48%, respectively. The largest number of components was related to monoterpenes (52.57% in the experimental section, -50.10% in the control section), the most common were γ-Terpinene, β-Sabinene, Carvacrol and trans-β-Ocimene. Sesquiterpene content in the experimental sample was 37.19%, compared to 38.5250% in the control sample, in which Germacrene D and Caryophyllene were the most common components. Cluster analysis showed that the essential oil composition of O. vulgare L. from Kazakhstan is similar to the composition of the essential oil of plants from Moldova, Poland, Turkey (Anatolia), Latvia and Russia. Germacrene D, Carvacrol and β-Sabinene were the binding components of plants from Kazakhstan and Moldova. The similarity between plants from Kazakhstan and other countries in the same cluster was due to the Germacrene D content (cluster’s average value was 10.1%) and the content of Spathulenol (4.9%)