Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca
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Application of fruit juice for proliferation of Bacillus to control fungal phytopathogens
Get PDFPlant-based media have recently been of interest as potential natural media for microbial culture. This study was conducted to apply inexpensive and available fruits to culture Bacillus antagonizing three fungal phytopathogens including Phytophthora capsici GTC 2.6.1, Rhizoctonia solani GTC 2.7.1, and Sclerotium rolfsii GTC 2.9.1. The results showed that the juice media of dragon fruit, Cavendish banana, watermelon, pineapple, and MT1 seedless guava could all be used to culture two screened antagonistic Bacillus strains including B08 and B18. Surveys on the media from watermelon juice indicated that juice concentration (based on mass of fruit pulp), initial pH, concentration of traditional medium added to the juice medium had different effects on the growth of two strains of Bacillus sp. B08 and B18. These preliminary results demonstrated the potential application of the juice in biomass production of antagonistic Bacillus strains. This approach is certainly safe for the environment and has the potential to improve fruit consumption and reduce the cost of microbial fertilizer production, so it needs more research attention
The effect of bio-fertilizers and a super-absorbent on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) under water-deficit conditions
Get PDFThe effect of bio-fertilizers and super-absorbents on the modification of water-deficit stress was studied in castor. A field experiment was conducted with a split-plot design based on a completely randomized block design with three replications. The first factor included four levels (70, 100, 130, and 160 mm of evaporation pan A Class) in the main plot; the sub-factor was the application of four bio-fertilizer treatments (Azospirillum, Citrobacter, Azospirillum + Citrobacter, and control); and the superabsorbent at two levels (superabsorbent consumption and control) as a factorial was placed in the sub-plots. With the intensification of the water-deficit stress from 70 to 160 mm of evaporation, the number of seeds per plant, the 1,000-kernel weight, and the oil percentage significantly dropped. All three bio-fertilizer treatments significantly increased the number of grains, 1,000 kernel weight, and oil percentage compared to the control. Citrobacter in all four irrigation levels significantly increased the content of photosynthetic pigments, grin yield, oil yield and proline content and decreased the catalase activity and malondialdehyde content. The application of the super-absorbent under the stress condition of 160 mm significantly raised the content of chlorophyll b, soluble sugar, grain yield, oil yield, and proline compared to the control treatment. Among the combinations of bio-fertilizer and super-absorbent treatments, the highest photosynthetic pigments’ content, grain yield, and oil yield and the lowest catalase enzyme activity belonged to Azospirillum + superabsorbent consumption. However, the maximum soluble sugars and the minimum malondialdehyde content belonged to Citrobacter + superabsorbent
Pollen morphology and anatomy of Rubus L. (Rosaceae) in Thailand
Get PDFPollen morphology and anatomy were investigated in 19 species of the genus Rubus L. from Thailand by observation and analysis under a light microscope and a scanning electron microscope. The pollen grains are monads, with radial symmetry, circular shaped in polar view and isopolar. The sizes of the pollen grains are small and medium. Considering the species studied, the majority have medium sized pollen grains. There were different shapes detected viz., oblate, suboblate, prolate spheroidal, oblate spheroidal and prolate. The pollen grains have various apertures: tricolporate, tricolporate-tetracolporate, tricolpate and tricolpate-tetracolpate. There were five forms of exine sculpturing as follows: rugulate-perforate, striate-perforate, microverrucate-perforate, microverrucate and perforate. In the genus Rubus it is not possible to use the morphology of the pollen for the identification to species level. Eleven species had the morphology of the pollen studied for the first time. The anatomy of the leaf, petiole and stem were observed by transverse section. The anatomy can be used for the identification to species level. The results indicate that the anatomical characteristics used for the identification key are shape of leaf margin, shape of adaxial surface of midrib, pericyclic fibers, idioblast cell, shape of petiole, starch grain, number of vascular bundles, shape of stem and types of trichomes. In this study, the anatomy of 19 species was reported for the first time. The numerical analysis based on the pollen morphology and anatomy data did not support classification of the genus Rubus L
Variability and heritability of technological characteristics of Amaranthus leaves and seeds
Get PDFThis study aimed to determine the variability properties of four major types of Amaranthus species in protein and amino acids content in leaves and flowers. Obtained results by ion exchange chromatography in our study have shown high values for the content of essential amino acids lysine and methionine. In the leaf, the lysine content ranged from 3.9 (A. caudatus) to 7.0 (A. cruentus; A. moleros), and in the flowers from 4.2 (A. caudatus) to 6.7 (A. molleros). The methionine content ranged from 3.1 (A. caudatus) to 7.4 (A. mantegazzianus) in the leaf and in the flower from 2.9 (A. caudatus) to 6.7 (A. mantegazzianus). Besides lysine and methionine, significant values of other essential amino acids were recorded, respectively. Significant concentrations of total proteins were recorded in all examined genotypes. The heritability of the studied characters as protein and mineral content of seeds and leaves, and oil contents of seed were significantly high. The maximum values of the protein content of seeds were 16.55% (A. cruentus), in leaves 20.10% (A. caudatus), and the minerals in seeds 2.73% (A. moleros), and leaves 18.76% (A. mantegazzianus). The oil content of seeds was 6.16% (A. moleros). The oil content of the seed’s proportion of genetic variance to total phenotypic variance was 72%, and it has a significant impact on ecological factors. Tested divergent Amaranthus genotypes may serve as parents for further crossing. Amaranth seeds is gluten-free and is important in the diet of celiac patients and contains amino acids, especially lysine, which acts against the herpes virus. Amaranth from amaranth leaves biologically active substance that prevents heart muscle damage during ischemic processes. Amaranth seed oil has hypolipemic, anti-atherosclerotic, hypotensive and antioxidant activity
Economic assessment of the environmental services of PNA Cerro Mohinora, Guadalupe y Calvo, Chihuahua
Get PDFThe Cerro Mohinora Protected Natural Area (PNA) located in Guadalupe y Calvo, Chihuahua, Mexico has ecosystems in a good state of conservation that include trees of genera such as Picea, Abies and Pseudotsuga. The objective was to determine the willingness to pay (WTP) by the visitors through the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) in order to conserve the environmental services (SA) provided by the area and to know their perception of the current state of the Hill. 210 surveys were carried out to simulate a hypothetical market, where they asked what is the maximum amount they would be willing to pay to preserve and/or improve the SA of the PNA. The main results show that 90.48% of the visitors gave a positive WTP, 48.57% of the visitors are local and 55.24% have a university degree. 60.48% of the visitors do ecotourism on the Hill. The main suggestion to improve the area was the maintenance of the roads (55.00%) and the provision of more environmental education (32.69%). The only variable that influenced a positive WTP and that was statistically significant was the “Perception of good ecosystem quality (PGEQ)”. The average WTP calculated was 90.48 MXN, with a minimum and maximum of 68.12 MXN and 97.60 MXN, respectively, and a standard deviation of 5.55 MXN. The WTP should be established according to the number of visitors and use of the place, considering that it currently has no cost and that most visitors are willing to pay to enter and show concern for conservation
New insights into tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV) infections in Türkiye: Molecular detection, phylogenetic analysis, and in silico docking study
Get PDFSeventy-eight tomato and pepper plants showing symptoms were tested for tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV) using specific primers targeting the full coat protein gene (CP) through RT-PCR. Plant samples were collected in Denizli region, Türkiye during September 2021. The PCR screening results revealed that 23 samples were infected with TSWV, indicating an infection rate of 29.48%. PCR products were subsequently sequenced bidirectionally, and the obtained sequences were deposited in GenBank under the accession numbers ON323583-84 for pepper, and OQ597214 for tomato. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated a close relationship between the Turkish-Denizli TSWV isolates and previously reported isolates from tomato and pepper plants in Türkiye (KM407603), Hungary (KJ649612), and Serbia (GU369723). Moreover, in this study, three commercial chemicals and five selected phytochemicals were docked against the TSWV CP to assess their binding energies. The docking results indicate that the tested phytochemicals exhibit promising performance compared to other commercial chemicals. This study represents the first molecular and phylogenetic report on TSWV isolates in pepper and tomato plants in Denizli province, Türkiye. Furthermore, the interaction between TSWV and the selected compounds through in silico docking has been reported for the first time
Ethylene modulates root growth and mineral nutrients levels in trifoliate orange through the auxin-signaling pathway
Get PDFRoots are fundamental to plant growth, with their development being profoundly influenced by water, mineral nutrients, and notably, plant hormones. Citrus, a leading horticultural crop cultivated globally, holds immense economic value. This study tried to investigate the roles and mechanisms effect of foliar spray 1.0 μmol/L ethephon (ETH) of ethylene and 5.0 μmol/L AgNO3 (an ethylene inhibitor) its inhibitor with auxin on root growth and mineral nutrients content levels in trifoliate orange under sand culture conditions for 45 days. Our findings indicate that ethephon treatment significantly boosted the number of lateral roots, root fresh weight, and enhanced the mineral nutrient content (N, P, K, B, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, and Zn, with the exception of Cu) in both root and shoot tissues. In contrast, the inhibitors notably reduced the length of lateral roots and decreased the content of P, and Fe in both root and shoot, whilst elevating Zn contents. Furthermore, ETH incited the up-regulation of auxin biosynthesis and transportation genes, leading to an increased endogenous auxin content in the lateral root-hair region. whereas, the inhibitors produced an opposite effect. We thus conclude that ethylene modulates auxin transportation and biosynthesis. This activity stimulates the auxin signaling pathway locally-specifically, in the root hair zone in the lateral root, which in turn, regulates root growth and mineral nutrient content
Application of Rhizopus microsporus and Aspergillus oryzae to enhance the defense capacity of eggplant seedlings against Meloidogyne incognita
Get PDFSeveral phytopathogens attack eggplant, causing crop damage. One of the most destructive plant diseases, Root-Knot Nematode (RKN), causes significant damage to eggplant seedlings. Finding safe and effective biological alternatives to prevent eggplant root nematode disease, which significantly limits plant productivity, is the innovative aspect of this study. Six isolates of plant growth-promoting fungus (PGPF) were tested in the current work for improving biochemical defense and physio-biochemical performance in eggplant seedlings under the Meloidogyne incognita challenge. PGPF isolates were tested in vitro for some biochemical traits such as Siderophores and HCN production. Besides, the antagonistic efficacy of PGPF filtrates against M. incognita was tested in vitro. The best isolates capable of producing HCN were F5 and F3 respectively. Also, F5 followed by F3 exhibited the maximum mortality proportions of 74.20% and 60.35% mortality in nematode juveniles after 96 hours respectively. Moreover, F5 has the highest level of antioxidant activity, with IC50 145 µg/mL followed by F3 with IC50 350 µg/mL. thus, we identified F5 and F3 completely as Rhizopus microsporus (OQ291571.1 and Aspergillus oryzae OQ291572.1. Implementing R. microsporus and A. oryzae collectively in vivo study was the most successful therapy, limiting nematode recordings as 95.23%, 86.98%, 80.35%, 80%, and 68.78% reduction in females, galls, developmental stage, egg masses, second juveniles, respectively, in diseased seedlings. It could be suggested that the use of ethyl acetate extracts (EAE) of A. oryzae and R. microsporus might be commercially applied as a stimulator of eggplant and or anti-nematodes against M. incognita
Physicochemical, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities of sweet red corn under different drying methods
Get PDFThis study investigated the physicochemical properties, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activities of sweet red corn under different drying methods. The color characteristics of the corn varied significantly based on the drying method employed. Freeze-drying resulted in the lightest color, while sun drying and hot air drying at different temperatures showed intermediate and varying color parameters. The total phenolic and flavonoid content decreased after drying, with heat drying methods exhibiting a greater decrease compared to freeze-drying. Microstructural analysis revealed changes in cell structure and starch granules, with freeze-dried samples displaying distinct characteristics. The sugar content decreased in all drying methods compared to the fresh sample. The amino acid content also decreased after drying, with heat drying methods affecting certain amino acids more than others. Different phenolic acids and flavonoids were detected, with their concentrations varying depending on the drying method. Fresh corn exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, while freeze-drying retained a significant amount. Sun drying and high-temperature drying methods resulted in decreased antioxidant activity. These findings underscore the importance of selecting appropriate drying techniques to preserve desired attributes and beneficial properties of corn
Impact of agro-ecological conditions and fertilization on yield and quality of triticale on pseudogley soil
Get PDFThe results of the study of the influence of fertilization and calcification on the yield and yield components of winter triticale grown on low pH soil are presented in this paper. Five variants of fertilization were tested during three growing seasons. Trial treatments included different fertilization variants: V1-control, V2-N120, V3-N120P80K60, V4-N120P80K60 + 5 t ha- 1 of lime and V5-N120P80K60 + 5 t ha-1 of lime + 30 t ha-1 of manure. The results of the research showed that all yield components responded positively to the application of mineral nutrition by changing the production characteristics and grain quality. The variant with the combined application of NPK, lime and manure had the greatest positive effect on all tested parameters affecting triticale productivity. During the study, the highest yield of triticale 5.826 t ha-1 was obtained on the fertilization variant with the combined application of lime, manure and NPK fertilizers. The achieved increase in the grain yield of triticale was significant compared to the control and the NPK variant of fertilization. Highly significant positive dependencies were found between the grain yield with 1000-grain weight, and test weight and significant positive dependencies were found between 1000-grain weight and test weight. The research highlighted the impact of different fertilizer treatments on the yield and grain quality traits of winter triticale