Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca
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Influence of water shortage and N:P ratio on growth and seed chemical components of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)
Get PDFSeeds of industrial hemp have high nutritional and healthcare value, which can be further improved by proper cultivation methods. Biochemical properties of hemp seeds that are beneficial for human use can be modulated through variation of the molar ratio between the inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus supplied with the nutrient medium, as well as by creating a moderate water deficit during controlled irrigation. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of two N:P ratios (i.e. 8 mM nitrogen as nitrate to 2 mM phosphorus as phosphate, and 3 mM nitrogen to 6 mM phosphorus), combined with two water supply regimes (sufficient and insufficient) on vegetative growth parameters, seed production, seed oil, protein, vitamin E, iron, zinc and manganese content of two industrial hemp cultivars (‘Jubileu’ and ‘Zenit’). The experiments were performed in a greenhouse, under controlled conditions. Even if plants receiving a lower N:P ratio and lower water supply had a decreased growth index and the shoot fresh weight was smaller, no statistically significant difference could be registered in the seed production of the different experimental variants. The oil content of seeds could be increased by a lower N:P ratio and by water deficit, while seed protein content was higher upon a higher N:P ratio and upon water shortage, for both cultivars. The highest vitamin E content of hemp seed oil was found when plants were subjected to the combined influence of lowered N:P ratio and water insufficiency. The iron content of seeds showed no changes between the different experimental variants. In seeds of the ‘Jubileu’ variety the zinc content was increased by water shortage when the N:P ratio was lower, while the highest manganese content was measured when plants received sufficient water and lowered N:P ratio. As for the ‘Zenit’ variety, the highest zinc and manganese content of seeds was obtained when plants received through the nutrient solution 8 mM nitrate and 2 mM phosphate (i.e. the N:P ratio was 4:1). The findings may contribute to optimization of hemp cultivation, in a cost-effective and environmental-friendly approach, for the purpose of production of higher quality seeds for human and animal consumption, as well as for the cosmetic industry
Elemental composition of Rosa L. fruits: Optimization and validation procedure of an ICP AES method
Get PDFThis study aimed to determine element profile of the rose species originating from Serbia. With respect to that, 52 fruit samples of six wild Rosa L. species (R. agrestis Savi, R. canina L., R. corymbifera Borkh., R. dumalis Bechst, R. myriacantha DC., and R. spinosissima L.) were assayed for element contents, after the optimization and validation of the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometric (ICP AES) method. The analytical performance of axial and radial views was evaluated using the Mg(II)/Mg(I) line ratio. Robust plasma conditions were achieved at the radio frequency (RF) power of 1150 W and nebulization gas flow (NBF) rate of 0.5 L min-1. The matrix effect was below 13% and the recovery, using certified reference material (LGC7162 strawberry leaves), was between 85.7% and 109% with the exception of Fe (76.4%). Rosa fruits were found to be richer in minerals such as K (4710-9850 mg kg-1), Ca (2650-5140 mg kg-1), P (532-1610 mg kg-1), Mg (402-1000 mg kg-1), Na (11.2-39.1 mg kg-1), Mn (6.8-64 mg kg-1), Fe (9.9-30 mg kg-1), and Zn (6.03-17.5 mg kg-1). Also, the fruits were found to have a higher content of Si (15.2-51.6 mg kg-1). Regarding toxic elements, the obtained results for Pb (0.035-0.0121 mg kg-1) and Cd (0.0027-0.0492 mg kg-1) are in accordance with the maximum levels in fruits established set by the Commission Regulation. The results of the present study indicate that the investigated Rosa species contain various minerals and could contribute to the daily dietary requirements for K, Ca, Mg, P, Na, Mn, Cu, Zn, and Fe, as well as be used in food and the food additive industry
The integrated application of compost sources, chemical fertilizers, and foliar fertilizers as a strategy for plant nutrient management for bush beans in high-Andean zones
Get PDFIntegrated plant nutrient management (IPNM) strategies improve the income of growers. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and yield of bush beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) of the ‘Bacatá’ cultivar under different nutrition management strategies using different chemical fertilizer sources (edaphic and foliar) and compost in three high-Andean environments in Colombia. The IPNM treatments were set up in high- and low-rainfall zones (Gachalá vs. Guachetá) and in a greenhouse. The IPNM comprised plants without nutrients (AC); full dose NPK (EC); a mixture of compost based on wastes (20%), NPK (80%), and foliar fertilizer (GCFF); a mixture of compost based on waste (20%) and NPK (80%)(GC); a mixture of commercial compost (20%), NPK (80%), and foliar fertilizer (CCFF); and a mixture of commercial compost (20%) and NPK (80%) (CC). The results showed that the zones with higher rainfall (Gachalá) generally had a higher relative and absolute growth rate than the low rainfall zone (Gachetá) and greenhouse at different sample points. The IPNM treatments with a mixture of compost compounds showed agronomic efficiency similar to that of plants treated with chemical fertilizers only. Plants without any nutrient application showed the lowest yield parameters, reaching a production close to 1100 kg ha-1, compared to the other nutrient application treatments that reached a production close to 1600 kg ha-1. These results indicate that IPNM treatment is an important tool for improving the productivity of common bush beans grown in Andean agro-ecosystems
Optimizing the potential utilization of bioreactors for the mass propagation of Indonesian Dendrobium varieties
Get PDFThe study focuses on two Indonesia Dendrobium varieties, D. Dian Agrihorti (DDA) and D. Syifa Agrihorti (DSA), which have potential to be commercialized, but face limitations on the availability of qualified seedlings sustainably. The research aimed to establish an in vitro propagation protocol using a Temporary Immersion System (TIS) to produce high-quality seedlings efficiently. Various factors, including varieties, media, plant growth regulators, anti-phenol compounds, organic additives, and TIS settings, were investigated using the basal part of the plantlet as the explant source. Key findings revealed that DDA outperformed DSA across all observed variables. In the initiation phase, basal plantlets cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L-1 thidiazuron and 0.5 mg L-1 N-6 benzylaminopurine enhanced embryogenic callus (EC) formation, with a 13.5-day initiation period, 72% potential explant growth, 0.41 cm callus size, and a 3.45 rate of multiplication. During the proliferation stage, the addition of 150 mg L-1 ascorbic acid (AC) and the application of a TIS with a 30-minute dry period and a 15-minute wet period resulted in a 515.5% increase in EC fresh weight for DDA accompanied by a 6.16 multiplication rate. Regeneration of shoots was achieved using a Vacin and Went medium with 150 g L-1 banana extract, yielding 29.2 shoots per clump. Subsequent rooting of the shoots in 2 g L-1 Hyponex® medium with 20 g L-1 sugar and 2% AC proved successful. Acclimatization of plantlets with Cycas rumpii bulk demonstrated a 100% survivability rate. The established propagation protocol for DDA holds significant potential for application to other Dendrobium varieties, offering a sustainable and efficient method for meeting commercial demands in the Indonesian market
Enhancing crop resilience through thiamine: implications for sustainable agriculture in drought-stressed radish
Get PDFDuring 21st century, abiotic stress has adversely affected the agriculture crop production around the globe. Keeping in view the food requirement under water shortage condition, a study was planned to investigate the effect of thiamine application on radish crop under drought stress conditions on plant. For study purpose, two varieties of locally available radish (‘Early-Milo’ and ‘Laal-Pari’) were grown with normal water application as well as thiamine (100 mg L-1) application while maintaining a stress condition (60% field capacity). Increasing water deficit stress linearly reduced plant growth, yield and biomass in both varieties by reducing water use efficiency, while significantly enhanced these attributes with thiamine application. Thiamine application under drought stress exerted significant impacts on physiological attributes in both varieties, including enhanced osmolytic attribute in drought conditions and improvements in superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), H2O2, and malondialdehyde (MDA) activities in plant leaves. Antioxidant and osmoprotectant upregulation positively linked to radish crop's drought tolerance. Moreover, PCA and heatmap analysis revealed a significant interdependence among various traits and interconnected in determining the crop's capacity to sustain growth under conditions of drought stress. In crux, thiamine application conclusively enhances radish growth, yield, biomass, physio-chemical and osmolytic attributes, ionic composition and enzymatic antioxidant potential. Therefore, it is recommended to consider the application of thiamine in commercial agriculture practices to mitigate the negative effects of drought stress on radish crop production
Cereal crop genome editing tools and their applications to sustainable agriculture
Get PDFSustainable agriculture is essential to attain food security and address increasing climate change concerns. Population, abiotic and biotic stresses and limited agricultural water supplies and land are important barriers to cereal crops production, in addition to extreme weather. These factors influence their quality and productivity. Therefore, there is a pressing need for effective methods of food production under these conditions. For many individuals in low- and middle-income nations, cereals represent a key food source. Developing cereal crops with enhanced flexibility, high yields, and the ability to tolerate these biotic and abiotic problems is therefore essential. Modern OMICS techniques, next-generation sequencing, bioinformatics tools and the most recent improvements in genome editing tools (GET) have made targeted mutagenesis conceivable. By altering a crop variety's endogenous genome, which is free of any foreign genes, genome editing (GE) enhances the crop variety. Therefore, crops that have undergone GE but have not integrated foreign genes are not considered genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in a number of countries. GE is being used by researchers to promote the nutritional value of cereal crops and increase their tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. This review critically discusses the activities of GET, the role of bioinformatics tools and its application to sustainable agriculture for cereal crops
Phytochemical profile, antioxidant capacity and wound healing potential of Viscum album L. growing on Robinia pseudoacacia L.
Get PDFMistletoe (Viscum album L.), a semi-parasitic medicinal plant, continues to be of interest, due to its phytochemical composition. The leaves of mistletoe contain phenols, which have a variety of biological effects. The main goal was to characterize the mistletoe that parasitized Robinia pseudoacacia L., (called VAR) in terms of phenolic compounds and to assess the wound healing potential in vitro using the scratch method. Furthermore, the antioxidant capacity was evaluated both by spectrophotometric techniques (DPPH, FRAP, TEAC), as well as by the ability of the mistletoe extract to synthesize green selenium nanoparticles. Among the phenolic acids, dihydroxybenzoic acid is in high level (2.86±0.03 mg/g dw), whereas isorhamnetin-glucuronides dominate the flavonol class (0.593±0.03 mg/g dw). The presence of phenolic compounds in the VAR leaves provides antioxidant capacity. The reducing capacity of VAR extract was demonstrated for the first time by the biosynthesis of nanoselenium particles (NSePs) with a regular, spherical shape and a diameter of around 130 nm. The VAR concentrations of 25-200 µg/mL showed no toxic effect on normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF), and the concentration of 100 µg/mL exhibited the best percentage of wound surface closure in vitro (94.08%). The results show that mistletoe is a promising plant because of its phytochemical composition and antioxidant capacity, which can modulate the wound repair process in vitro
Introduction pages, NBHA-CN 52(1), 2024
No full textThe papers published in Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, Issue 1, Volume 52, 2024 represent new exciting research in different topics of life science, respectively in plant science, horticulture, agronomy, crop science, and forestry. Among the interesting articles we invite you to find news about: Battling arid adversity: unveiling the resilience of cotton in the face of drought and innovative mitigation approaches; Cereal crop genome editing tools and their applications to sustainable agriculture; Nutraceutical and antioxidant potential of selected wild edible plants from the cold-arid desert of Ladakh, India; Phytochemical profile, antioxidant capacity and wound healing potential of Viscum album L. growing on Robinia pseudoacacia L.; In vitro multiplication, antimicrobial, and insecticidal activity of Capparis spinosa L.; Optimizing the potential utilization of bioreactors for the mass propagation of Indonesian Dendrobium varieties; Grafting in Capsicum peppers as a strategy to mitigate the effects of climate change on yield and quality factors; Outcrossing mating system in natural populations of the endangered aquatic fern Ceratopteris thalictroides in China as revealed by microsatellite markers: implications for conservation; Chemometric and ICP-OES analyses of Forsythia europaea Degen & Bald. and its extracts; The effects of salinity stress on Amorpha fruticosa Linn. seed germination, physiological and biochemical mechanisms; The use of genetic resources in rose breeding and creation of new rose cultivars through hybridization and selection; Changes in mango postharvest quality due to nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium dose and production season; An analysis of plant palatability on pastures of the delta: Case study, Danube Delta area, Romania; Combining visual interpretation and image segmentation to derive canopy cover index from high resolution satellite imagery in functionally diverse coniferous forests
The effect of the use of biostimulant on the yield and quality of lavandin and lavender
Get PDFLavandula species are one of the most popular aromatic plants in the world and have a high content of high-quality essential oil (EO). Although there are many species in this genus, only lavandin (Lavandula intermedia Emeric ex Loisel.) and lavender (L. angustifolia Mill.) are highly valued worldwide. The quality and yield of lavandin and lavender depend on genetic factors, environmental conditions and cultivation methods. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to research the effects of the application of biostimulant on the inflorescence yield and the quality of lavandin and lavender. The treatments used in this research consisted of a combination of different species (lavandin and lavender) and biostimulant (applied and unapplied). The research results show that all the research traits significantly depended on the used species and the applied biostimulant. The inflorescence yield, the content of total flavonoids, and the content of EO were higher in the lavandin species (477.3 g plant-1, 17.21 mg CAE g-1, 8.57 mL 100 g-1, respectively) than in the lavender species (180.5 g plant-1, 13.41 mg CAE g-1, and 3.69 mL 100 g-1, respectively). EOs of lavandin and lavender were rich in linalool and linalyl acetate. The use of biostimulators had a positive effect on the inflorescence yield and the content of essential oil. Furthermore, the applied biostimulant increased the linalool content in the essential oil of both researched species, i.e. it positively affected its quality
Optimizing micropropagation of Indonesian conserved orchid Vanda celebica using organic compounds and a temporary immersion system
Get PDFVanda celebica is an orchid species endemic and protected in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. To overcome such difficulties, micropropagation methods have been widely used, incorporating modified media and culture systems to improve success rates. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the viability of dry seeds stored at -20 °C for five years and the micropropagation of their protocorms using organic compounds, enhanced by a temporary immersion system (TIS) bioreactor. The genetic similarity between regenerants and the parental plant was also assessed using inter-sequence simple repeats (ISSR) markers to support conservation efforts. The results showed that V. celebica seeds stored for five years retained viability, with germination rates ranging from 56.16% to 73.45%. The addition of 40 g L-1 potato puree to the germination media significantly enhanced protocorm development. For further proliferation, ½-MS media supplemented with 150 ml L-1 coconut water and 50 ml L-1 carrot juice was found to be the most effective, resulting in a protocorm-like body (PLB) induction rate of 2.22 per explant, with an initiation time of 14.43 weeks, a 96.54% survival rate, and 30.56% of explants successfully induced. Dividing stage-4 protocorms yielded the best response, producing an average of 4.54 induced explants with an initiation time of 8.18 weeks. The TIS bioreactor system showed optimal results for shoot regeneration, achieving 64.84% and 37.07% regeneration rates. Genetic analysis indicated a similarity coefficient of 0.74-0.89 between regenerants and the parental plant, suggesting a genetic diversity comparable to Vanda species in their natural habitat