Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca
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Impact of planting density and organic fertilization on the cultivation of the Greek endemic Helichrysum amorginum Boiss. and Orph.
Get PDFNative phytogenetic resources can offer valuable germplasm diversity with potential for sustainable utilization. Helichrysum amorginum Boiss. and Orph. (Asteraceae) a Greek endemic, range-restricted neglected and underutilized plant species (NUP) holds significant utilization potential stemming from its known biochemical properties. The current study presents the results of a three-year experimental cultivation scheme of documented Greek H. amorginum germplasm aiming at its sustainable exploitation. Different planting densities in combination with ascending levels of organic fertilization in two distinct experimental fields were applied and plant growth coupled with inflorescence emergence and biomass yield were evaluated across a period of three years. The results highlighted the growth enhancing effect of organic fertilization under different planting densities with lower densities presenting a trend to sustain larger plants in terms of increased plant base diameter. Inflorescence emergence increased significantly from the second cultivation year onwards in both experimental fields with increasing levels of organic fertilization delivering higher rates of inflorescence number under decreasing planting densities. The current study provides a basis for a systematized research scheme that can facilitate further domestication and upscaling efforts leading to the sustainable utilization of H. amorginum in the pharmaceutical and cosmetics sectors, offering at the same time, local economic development
Effect on yield, nutrient uptake and quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) under integrated nutrient management
Get PDFPotato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a heavy feeder and highly responsive to nutrient input, where the proper quantity and timing of nutrient supply is most critical component in achieving high productivity in potato cultivation. To assess the crop response and productivity, the potato variety ‘Kufri Jyoti’ was taken under different integrated nutrient management practices. The recommended dose of fertilizer was at 150:80:100 kg N: P2O5: K2O/ha, 25 kg/ha of ZnSO4 and 15 kg/ha of Borax were applied during the experiment. The results indicated that there were highly significant effects of higher doses of nitrogen with recommended P and K combined applied with Zinc and Boron on tuber yield, plant NPK uptake efficiency and enzymatic activities. Results from the experiment expressed that the application of 125% RDN along with the application of Zn and B ensured maximum total tuber yield (24.73 t/ha), crop growth rate (5.222 g/m2/day), relative growth rate (0.066 g/g/day) at peak growth stages and quality such as starch (15.64%) and sucrose synthase activity (695 µg/g of fresh weight of tuber) of potato grown with the above nutrient management practices. This study indicated that production variation for higher nitrogen doses from inorganic sources of fertilizer existed among 16 different nutrient application treatments, and with better quality parameters
Physical and chemical characterization of guava (Psidium guajava L.) genotypes grown in subtropical condition
Get PDFGuava is a high-value tropical fruit that is widely grown in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. In the adaptation studies carried out in Turkey, guava was determined as the most prominent species with its cold resistance feature. The use of seedlings in cultivation created a genetic variation and differences were observed between the resulting genotypes, especially in terms of fruit size, shape and colour. Based on this observation, this study aimed to characterize 13 different guava fruit genotypes based on physical, chemical, bioactive and aroma properties. In the adaptation studies carried out in Turkey, guava was determined as the most prominent species with its cold resistance feature. There is only one commercial variety namely ‘Ruby Supreme’ grown in Turkey. Presently, the interest of the guava cultivation has been increased and farmers were used seedling material instead of vegetative to establish orchard. Due to the cross pollination, it has been observed great variation in the population. Therefore, it is important to select promising genotypes according to fruit size, shape and colour. The present study was evaluated 13 different guava genotypes according to physical, chemical, bioactive and aroma properties. Significant differences were observed among the genotypes. One genotype was found superior over all the genotypes, in terms of fruit weight (131.44 g) and length (82.00 mm). Although three genotypes were having lower values than the other samples in results of total soluble solids, they had higher results in terms of antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content. Two genotypes formed a separate group from all other genotypes in terms of (Z)-3-Hexen-1-yl acetate (sweet, pear, melon), 3-Hexenal (melon, tropical) and Ethyl alcohol (fruit and sweet) components. The flavor components are distinctive for the guava samples, as are the physical properties. It was also determined that the white guava genotypes had very different chemical and aromatic properties from other genotypes. The promising genotypes can be utilized in the future breeding programme to improve new guava varieties
Proline priming: An efficient strategy to mitigate salinity impact at early developmental stages of the oilseed halophyte Cakile maritima
Get PDFSeed germination is a vital process, yet extremely sensitive to salinity. This is particularly true for coastal halophytes like the annual oilseed species Cakile maritima, which faces the simultaneous impact of wind, salt-spray and seawater inundations in its natural biotopes. At the early developmental stages, this may jeopardize seed germination, plant establishment capacity and hence its development and persistence. Osmopriming is a pre-sowing approach aiming to improve seedling emergence and establishment in adverse environments. Here, we investigate the effect of proline (at 0, 1, 5, and 20 mM) pre-treatment on salt tolerance of C. maritima at the juvenile stage under salinity (0, 100, and 200 mM NaCl). Proline seed priming enhanced the germination rate (28% to 92%) and promoted seedling establishment of C. maritima by stimulating α-amylase activity even at the highest salinity (+55 %). Besides, after transfer of non-germinated seeds on distilled water, salt impact was fully reversible. At the seedling stage, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters showed that this osmoticum increased the maximal quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm) and the quantum yield of photochemical energy conversion [Y(II)]. In contrast, the quantum yield of nonregulated nonphotochemical energy dissipation [Y(NO)] and the quantum yield of regulated nonphotochemical energy dissipation [Y(NPQ)], which might be correlated to the mitigation of the salt deleterious effects on PSII. Proline and carbohydrate concentrations also increased following priming. Overall, our data provide strong arguments for using proline at low doses (1 and 5 mM) as a successful priming agent to alleviate salinity-induced adverse effect on plants
Effects of vermicompost as an alternative substrate on yield and quality of cauliflower and pepper seedlings
Get PDFIt is wondered whether vermicompost can be an alternative to peat in seedling production. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of different vermicompost rates on the growth, quality characteristics and macro and micro mineral concentrations of pepper and cauliflower seedlings. There were 4 treatments consisting of different mixtures in the study. T1: 70% peat + 27% perlite + 3% vermiculite; T2: 70% vermicompost + 27% perlite + 3% vermiculite; T3: 35% peat + 35% vermicompost + 27% perlite + 3% vermiculite; T4: 100% vermicompost. ‘Sivrillo’ F1 (Capsicum annuum var. longum) pepper and ‘Casper’ F1 (Brassica oleraceae var. botrytis) cauliflower varieties were used as the plant material. Vermicompost mixtures had a significant impact on pepper and cauliflower seedlings. The emergence and growth characteristics of pepper seedlings were similar in T1, T2 and T3 treatments. However, the T3 mixture provided the highest emergence rate and seedling height in cauliflower seedlings. T3 also increased the leaf area both pepper and cauliflower seedlings more than the other treatments. Although T2 medium showed the highest N, K, and Mg contents in pepper seedlings, vermicompost mixtures had the highest P, K, Ca, and Mg concentrations in cauliflower. Vermicompost mixtures had higher microelement contents in cauliflower, whereas similar results were obtained from T2 and T1 treatments in pepper seedlings. In conclusion, it was determined that the 35% peat and 35% vermicompost mixture was appropriate for pepper and cauliflower seedlings in terms of many criteria. Additionally, noteworthy results were obtained when 70% peat was substituted with vermicompost
Synthesize of bio-based encapsulated nano urea modified hydroxyapatite for controlling release of nitrogen and enhancing green bean yield
Get PDFThe massive rise in the world population requires increasing food production, and the world needs to decrease agricultural inputs like agrochemicals to preserve natural resources. The low nutrient use efficiency of conventional fertilizers has always been a concern because of their impact on the environment, and they are considered a waste of natural resources, which is against sustainability goals. Their low efficiency is attributed to their high solubility and fast release into the soil. Controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs) can reduce nutrient loss, which increases their efficiency and controls environmental pollution. In this study, single- and double-layers coating of biopolymers were applied to encapsulate nano urea-modified hydroxyapatite to control nitrogen release in soil. Hydroxyapatite was synthesized using the wet chemical precipitation method and two different rodlike and mesoporous hydroxyapatites were obtained. Nano-hydroxyapatite that had been synthesized was mixed with urea in two different amounts: 4:1 and 8:1. Biopolymers were then added on top. The current CRF synthesis strategy focuses on using low-cost, widespread biorefinery materials to decrease the manufacturing cost of CRFs. The nitrogen release rate of the synthesized CRFs and commercial urea in water and soil was studied. In field experiments, the impact of CRFs on green bean growth and yield was studied. The results showed that both single and double-coated CRFs reduced the N release rate in the soil and increased the fertilizer's longevity to 24 days, compared to 6 days for conventional urea. The total yield of green beans increased by 48%-120% by applying 75% of the recommended dose compared with that obtained with the full dose of conventional urea (control). Also, applying double-coated CRFs at N level of 25% of the recommended dose gives a green bean yield equal to the control. The recommended treatment is SC-CRF prepared with C-HA applied at N rate of 75% to match the future increase in the required amount of food
Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from leaf callus with genetic stability validation using SCoT markers in Paramignya trimera, a medicinal plant native to Vietnam
Get PDFXao tam phan (Paramignya trimera (Oliv.) Guillaum) is a medicinal plant native to Vietnam, that is renowned for its therapeutic properties, particularly for the treatment of various ailments, including cancer. This study investigated in vitro propagation of P. trimera through somatic embryogenesis and shoot organogenesis using leaf callus. Various culture media, plant growth regulators, malt extract, and carbon sources were evaluated to optimize callus induction and somatic embryo formation from leaf explants. DNA barcoding confirmed 96.96% to 100% homology with P. trimera specimens from Khanh Hoa province, Vietnam. The highest callus formation rate, reaching 100%, was observed in one-year-old explants cultured in Woody Plant Medium (WPM) supplemented with 2.0 mg L-1 naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 0.2 mg L-1 benzylaminopurine (BAP) in the dark for over six weeks. In WPM supplemented with 30 g L-1 sucrose, 4.0 mg L-1 BAP, and 500 mg L-1 malt extract, globular stage embryos developed into embryoids and shoots and buds clumped at 10 and 18 weeks, respectively. Shoot organogenesis was observed in WPM supplemented with 30 g L-1 sucrose and 0.07 mg L-1 thidiazuron (TDZ) after 18 weeks of culture. Genetic fidelity assessments using 12 SCoT markers indicated that in vitro plantlets were homologous to the mother plant. This study provides a viable method for the conservation and sustainable cultivation of Xao tam phan, ensuring a stable supply of this valuable medicinal resource
Particle film treatments on ‘Assyrtiko’ grapevines enhance physiology and grape attributes in Santorini Island
Get PDFLike many viticultural regions of the Mediterranean region, Santorini is also affected by climate change. These changing climatic conditions pose challenges to adapt the island’s traditional viticulture practices to the new climatic conditions of climate change, which will intensify in the future, with the use of short- and long-term solutions with a sustainable manner respecting the tradition and the island’s landscape. Viticulture in this region copes with high temperatures, heat waves and drought which affect the maturity process, the technological maturity, as well as the physiology of the grapevine. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of kaolin and calcium carbonate foliar application on water relations, photosynthesis and berry composition of vines of grape cultivar ‘Assyrtiko’, trained with the traditional training system ‘Kouloura’, under drought conditions and vertical shoot positioned training system in Santorini. The effects of foliar application with kaolin and CaCO3 on vines of grape cultivar ‘Assyrtiko’ were evaluated, focusing on the impact on the vine’s physiology attributes, grape quality, and environmental sustainability. Based on the results of the present study, there were statistically significant differences on vine water stress where the foliar application of inert films reduced water stress during the three studied years. Kaolin and CaCO3 increased significantly the photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of the vines in comparison to the control. Furthermore, the foliar application with inert minerals has reduced sunburn and pest damage. The results of the present study confirm that the application of kaolin and CaCO3 constitutes an effective and economical solution for the water saving of the vines in dry conditions, while at the same time, it can improve the physiology of the plant and preserve the qualitative and quantitative attributes of the grapes. The foliar use of inert particle films on Santorini’s traditional vineyards could consist a sustainable and effective alternative to mitigate the effects of climate change which have intensified over the last decades in the region
Unveiling the genetic landscape: Exploring the SSR-based genetic architecture and amino acid dissection of Gossypium barbadense and G. darwinii genomes
Get PDFGenetic maps highlight the genome organization and structure but also provide the chance of tagging superior traits for crop improvement through marker-assisted selection. Amino acids are building blocks of proteins and perform crucial function in regulating the signaling of molecules involved in the development and growth of plants. Plant architecture also have an impact on crop productivity. In order to select elite cultivars for breeding and identification of favorable alleles and their functional properties, a deep understanding of genetic architecture and development of genetic map is essential. In present investigation, an interspecific cross of Gossypium barbadense XH-18 × G. darwinii 5-7 was made to develop a genetic map utilizing single sequence repeat markers for the dissection of amino acids involved in genetic architecture of G. barbadense and G. darwinii. We measured chromosomal distribution of 20 amino acids across the whole genome of both species. The map consists of 613 markers spread across all 26 chromosomes, covering 2371.4 cM of cotton genome with an average inter-marker distance of 9.35 cM. The marker number anchored on the chromosomes varied from 5 to 76 with an average of 23.57 on each chromosome. The Dt sub-genome had more markers (83.03%) than the At sub-genome (15.66%). Moreover, the longest chromosome was 143.387 cM, the shortest was 58.430 cM, and the average length was 91.207 cM. The Dt subgenome spans a greater genomic distance than the At subgenome. A sum of 21,035 genes were discovered, covering the complete genome of G. barbadense; G. darwinii and have been found to be involved in tRNA 3'-trailer cleavage, macromolecule modification, peptide deformylase activity, response to biotic stimulus and defense response. The minimum Glutamic acid (Glu), Histidine (His), and Lysine (Lys) were found on Chr.13 (0.00-17.74), Chr.02 (0.00-8.01), and Chr.06 (0.00-17.97), respectively found through chromosomal amino acid dissection. The genome-wide SSR interspecific genetic map of G. barbadense and G. darwinii is first of its kind, and studying chromosomal distribution of amino acids will set a landmark step to dissect the genome structure of G. darwinii
Role of iron oxide nanoparticles in maize (Zea mays L.) to enhance salinity stress tolerance
Get PDFSoils have been getting worse over time, which has led to lower crop yields and nutritional value. This is because of too many conventional fertilizers, anthropogenic activities, and climate change. Soil salinity is also a big problem and challenge for agricultural scientists. To address this issue, nanoparticles are gaining a reputation in agriculture that can enhance salinity tolerance in crops, especially at early growth stages. A pot experiment was conducted at Post Agricultural Research Station (PARS), Faisalabad to assess the impact of iron oxide nanoparticles (0, 15, and 30 ppm) and four levels of salinity (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM) on morphological, physiological and yield traits of maize (Zea mays L.) in salinity stress. Salinity stress significantly negatively affected the growth attributes, photosynthetic pigments, ion content (Na+, K+, and Ca2+) of maize plants. Salinity has also increased the levels of MDA, H2O2, and Na+ ions. The application of iron oxide nanoparticles through foliar spray had a notable impact in enhancing the growth and yield of the tested maize variety. It was achieved by promoting the activities of antioxidant enzymes, increasing photosynthetic pigments, and elevating K+ and Ca2+ ion levels under both normal and salinity-stressed conditions. Additionally, iron oxide nanoparticles mitigated the adverse effects of salinity stress by effectively reducing Na+ ion concentration, MDA levels, and H2O2 concentration. Among the different concentrations tested, 30 ppm of iron oxide nanoparticles proved best in alleviating the negative impacts of salinity stress in maize. Thus, field use of 30 ppm iron oxide nanoparticles as foliar spray could effectively mitigate salinity stress in maize