Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca
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Diagnostic study of nitrogen nutrition in cotton based on unmanned aerial vehicle RGB images
Get PDFNitrogen fertilizer levels significantly affect crop growth and development, necessitating precision management. Most studies focus on nitrogen nutrient estimation using vegetation indices and textural features, overlooking the diagnostic potential of color features. Hence, we investigated cotton nitrogen nutrition status using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) image features and the nitrogen nutrient index (NNI). Random frog algorithm - and random forest-screened image feature sets significantly correlated with the NNI, which were substituted into four machine learning algorithms for NNI estimation modeling. The composite scores (F) of optimal image feature sets were calculated using the coefficient of variation method for comprehensive cotton nitrogen nutrient diagnosis. Validation of the model for determining the critical nitrogen concentration in cotton yielded a coefficient of determination R2 = 0.89, root mean square error RMSE = 0.50 g (100 g)-1, and mean absolute error MAE = 0.44, demonstrating improved performance. Additionally, our novel NNI estimation model constructed based on the optimal image feature sets exhibited R2c = 0.97, RMSEc = 0.02, MAEc = 0.02, R2v = 0.85, RMSEv = 0.05, and MAEv = 0.04. Polynomial fitting of the composite index with NNI indicated that the model was reliable and yielded the following diagnostic criterion: 0.48 < F2 < 0.67 indicated nitrogen overapplication, whereas F2 < 0.48 or F2 > 0.67 indicated nitrogen deficiency. This study demonstrates the superior effectiveness of using UAV RGB image feature sets for NNI estimation and the quick, accurate diagnosis of cotton nitrogen levels, which will help guide nitrogen fertilizer application
Introduction pages, NBHA-CN 52(2), 2024
No full textThe papers published in Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, Issue 2, Volume 52, 2024 represent new exciting research in different topics of life science, respectively in plant science, horticulture, agronomy, crop science, and forestry. Among the interesting articles, we invite you to find news about: Enhancing plant resistance to biotic stresses through rhizobacteria for sustainable agriculture; Efficacy of different bioagents in suppressing Meloidogyne incognita, and evaluation of some physio-biochemical changes in Phaseolus vulgaris L.; Diagnostic study of nitrogen nutrition in cotton based on unmanned aerial vehicle RGB images; Changes in growth, antioxidant, anti-Alzheimer, and antidiabetic potential of lamb’s lettuce Valerianella locusta grown hydroponically and on soil in response to salinity; Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) effect on germination and morphological parameters in alfalfa, tomato, and pepper; Synthesize of bio-based encapsulated nano urea modified hydroxyapatite for controlling release of nitrogen and enhancing green bean yield; Comparison of pepper accessions acting as rootstocks: A case with low P inputs; Marine actinomycetes for biocontrol of Fusarium solani in tomato plants: In vitro and in vivo studies; How the application of supporting substances affects the formation of fertile embryos of crossbred cherries and its germination
Understanding the influence of applying plant extracts and microorganism culture filtrates against barley leaf rust disease
Get PDFRust fungi are devastating plant pathogens, and several Puccinia species have exerting substantial financial impacts on global barley cultivation. Fungicides are used on a large scale as an effective method for combating phytopathogenic fungi. The negative environmental impacts of fungicides are steadily escalating on a daily basis. Consequently, researchers are currently exploring alternative approaches to mitigate the use of fungicides, such as the utilization of plant extracts. This method has proven effective due to its incorporation of natural antifungal substances. Among the nine natural elicitors that were tested, the application of plant extracts on barley seedlings resulted in an increase in the incubation and latent periods of Puccinia hordei. These periods are integral components of partial and induced resistance, effectively mitigating the incidence of barley leaf rust disease by over 70% on mature plants. Similarly, the biochemical analyses demonstrated a notable augmentation in all the tested treatments’ overall phenolics and oxidative enzyme activities (peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase). Random amplified polymorphic DNA (SCoT) test serves as a viable approach for assessing the impact of plant extracts and microorganisms on barley plants. The results obtained from this study indicate that the detection of DNA polymorphism through SCoT analysis holds a significant potential powerful tool to evaluate genetic changes compared with untreated plants although some of them tested displayed high similarities at the morphological reaction
The effect of sodium nitroprusside on the vegetative development of Aronia melanocarpa [Michx.] Elliot under in vitro conditions
Get PDFAronia is a berry fruit that has a significant amount of antioxidants. Both sexual and vegetative methods of propagation are available for aronia. Genetic diversity is present in the process of seed propagation. Therefore, clonal propagation techniques such as cuttings, basal shoots, and tissue culture are preferred. Plant tissue culture is a process that offers a high multiplication rate and the ability to produce clean plant material. This study aimed to stimulate the growth of plantlets by introducing several growth-promoting agents into the culture media. Specifically, the effects of a nitric oxide donor SNP (sodium nitroprusside) on the vegetative development of the plants were examined under in vitro conditions. Four distinct concentrations of SNP (0, 100, 200, and 300 µM) were administered to promote vegetative development. The survival rate (%), rooting rate (%), root number (per plantlet), root length (cm), leaf number (per plantlet), shoot length (cm), plant fresh weight (g), and plant dry weight (g) of the plantlets were estimated on the 60th day of growth in the nutrient medium under in vitro conditions. The survival rate was 100% for the applications of SNP at concentrations of 100 µM and 200 µM. The 0 µM treatment had the highest root number, the 100 µM treatment had the longest root, and the 200 µM treatment had the highest values for shoot length. The 0 µM treatment provided the highest values for plant fresh weight, while the 0 and 100 µM applications resulted in the highest plant dry weight values. The study suggested that an increased concentration of SNP causes a toxic effect
The effects of salinity stress on Amorpha fruticosa Linn. seed germination, physiological and biochemical mechanisms
Get PDFSalinity stress is serious threat to crop productivity and globe food security. This study investigated the impact of NaCl (neutral salt) and basic salt (basic salt) on seed germination physiological and biochemical traits of Amorpha fruticosa. Salt stress had no significant effect on seed germination rate, however, alkali stress significantly decreased (p≤0.05) rate of germination. Both stresses also negatively affected the growth of radicle and germination (P <0.05), and the effect of alkali stress was greater than that of salt stress. The concentration of K+, Mg2+ and Na+/K+ in radicle and germ remained relatively stable, which was conducive to adapting to salt and alkali stress, but the concentration of K+, Mg2+, NO3-, H2PO4- and SO42- changed differently under salt and alkali stress. Tartaric acid was the main component of the 8 organic acids, and the accumulation changes of each component were different under salt stress and base stress. Tartaric acid was accumulated in large quantities under salt stress, and the accumulation of other acids (citric, malic, acetic, oxalic, formic and lactic acids) were markedly enhanced under alkali stress (P <0.05). Among the 16 free amino acids, arginine, alanine and threonine are the response solutes under salt stress, and glutamic acid and threonine are the response solutes under base stress. In In conclusion, proper concentration of salts can promote seed germination and radicle growth. Therefore, plant performance can be improved by soaking seeds in appropriate concentration of salts
Serra da Canastra National Park: Influence of forest fires on the RUSLE C factor and its impact on water erosion
Get PDFThe adverse impacts of soil degradation and nutrient loss resulting from water erosion are significant environmental concerns that have profound implications for both water quality and biodiversity. This study aims to evaluate the impact of forest fires on soil loss through water erosion in the Serra da Canastra National Park, in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), which considers rainfall erosivity, soil erodibility, slope length and slope and vegetation cover, the C factor (vegetation cover) values were obtained from data from literature and methods based on the Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI). Validation was carried out using data on total sediment, water flow and daily runoff from the hydrosedimentological station and the InVEST software. The results highlight the significant impact of wildfires on soil loss through water erosion and indicate that areas recently affected by wildfires, especially on steep slopes and with more erodible soils, are subject to the highest rates of soil loss. Soil loss rates varied from 0.75 to 12.55 Mg ha-1 yr-1, in part due to the different ways of obtaining factor C. The research emphasizes the need to conserve vegetation cover to prevent soil erosion, particularly in regions impacted by forest fires. This study offers valuable insights that can contribute to enhancing the sustainable environmental management of the Serra da Canastra National Park
In vitro germination and micropropagation of the Balkan endemic Lilium chalcedonicum L., a potential ornamental lily
Get PDFLilium chalcedonicum L., a bulbous perennial endemic to the Balkans, is recognized for its considerable ornamental potential. In this study, seeds were gathered from a wild population and subjected to surface disinfection. Subsequently, they were placed in Petri dishes containing a half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) nutrient substrate (MS/2), with temperature conditions at 15 °C and 20 °C, followed by cycles of 5 °C and return to 15 °C and 20 °C, respectively. The in vitro-cultivated seedlings were then transplanted for further growth in MS medium enriched with either 30 g L-1 or 60 g L-1 sucrose and 0.1 mg L-1 6-N-benzyladenine (BA). In the following stage, the resulting bulblets were separated and cultivated in MS/2, either without hormones (Hf) or with BA at concentrations of 0.2 mg L-1, 0.5 mg L-1, or 1 mg L-1. Moreover, the combined influence of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) at a concentration of 1.0 mg L-1 and 0.2 mg L-1 BA was examined. This stage was succeeded by a further division of the bulblets, and the explants were cultured in Hf, MS/2 or with the inclusion of 0.5 mg L-1 BA or a combination of BA and NAA at ratios of 0.2/1 and 0.5/0.05 mg L-1; zeatin at 0.5 mg L-1 was also used, combined with 0.05 mg L-1 NAA. Notably, all seeds exhibited a 100% germination rate following alternating temperature regimes including periods of low temperature. During the initial cultivation phase, each seedling gave rise to two bulblets measuring 0.6 cm in diameter. Subsequent subcultures on Hf substrates and those containing BA without NAA, resulted in the highest number of bulblets (1.6-2.2 bulbs/plant) of the largest diameter (0.8-0.9 cm). Particularly noteworthy was the substantial increase in the average number of produced bulblets during the subsequent subcultures (multiplication stage), where 16.9 bulbs were formed in MS/2 medium containing 0.5 mg L-1 BA, with a median diameter of 1.7 cm
Leaf-based characterization of intermediate forms between Cuban and Honduran mahogany
Get PDFThe genus Swietenia includes two mahogany species, Swietenia macrophylla (King.), commonly known as Honduran mahogany, and Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq, commonly known as Cuban mahogany. There are reports of morphologically intermediate forms between Cuban and Honduran mahogany that have been localized in some Caribbean islands. The main objective of this research is to distinguish morphologically intermediate forms between the parental species S. mahagoni and S. macrophylla based on leaf morphological characters. Phenotypic data from a total of 357 mahogany trees were collected in the province of Sancti Spiritus, Cuba. Rachis length, petiole length, leaflet length, leaflet width, number of leaflets and number of nerves were evaluated. Morphological descriptor analysis revealed significant differences in the morphometric variables of the evaluated leaves, with rachis length, number of leaflets, leaflet length, petiole length, leaflet width, and number of nerves being significantly higher in S. macrophylla than in S. mahagoni. ANOVA reflected the variance between all leaf morphological parameters evaluated between the two pure species with statistically significant difference. Using the function obtained in the first DC of the two species, the individuals in the mixed stands were classified into 71 morphologically intermediate forms, 45 S. macrophylla and 64 S. mahagoni. In the second DC with the two species and the morphologically intermediate forms, Wilks’ partial lambda indicates that the variable "leaflet length" with 0.67 contributed most to the overall discrimination
Growth and flowering of carnation cultivated in different pot colors and protected environments
Get PDFThe Dianthus caryophyllus L. occupies the second position of the best sold cut flowers after rose. The choice of the environment and the cultivation container is crucial for flower production because, besides permitting higher temperature, light, and relative humidity management, it also impacts yield. This study evaluated the cultivation of yellow carnation in different protected environments and pot colours. The experiment was conducted in a factorial 2 × 4 (greenhouse and nursery x blue, red, brown, and black pots; the black pot was considered the control treatment). The photosynthetically active radiation, substrate temperature, and meteorological variables in the environments were monitored during the experiment's conduction as well the growth and productivity variables. The greenhouse significantly reduced solar radiation, generating favourable conditions for the initial growth of carnation plants. The nursery maintained higher levels of solar radiation, stimulating its flowering. The cultivation in brown pots provided higher quality plants regarding both vegetative growth and flowering. Therefore, brown pots are an option to substitute the black pots traditionally used for flower production. The use of the blue pot negatively influenced the development of carnation plants
Research progress of MYB transcription factor family in plant stress resistance
Get PDFThe MYB (v-MYB avian myoblast viral oncogene homolog) family of transcription factors is a large class of transcription factors that are widely distributed in eukaryotes and found in nearly all eukaryotes. The MYB protein exhibits the typical structure and function of transcription factors. Its protein molecular structure consists of a highly conserved DNA-binding domain known as the MYB domain, as well as a relatively less conserved transcriptional activation region and negative regulatory region. MYB proteins can regulate plant growth and development, primary and secondary metabolism, and respond to various abiotic stresses such as drought, high temperature, and high salt. In this paper, we summarize the structural characteristics of MYB family transcription factors, as well as their roles in biotic and abiotic stresses. We also elaborate on the progress of relevant research, aiming to provide theoretical insights for better understanding the functions and regulatory mechanisms of all members of the MYB family in plants. Furthermore, we aim to explore the potential utilization of these transcription factor family members in crop improvement