Applied Science and Biotechnology Journal for Advanced Research
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Studies on the Influence of Farmyard Manure and Vermicompost on Mineral Analysis on Red Gram (Cajanus cajan L.,)
Get PDFCajanus cajan is mostly grown for its edible seeds, it is a species with many uses. Despite having half the energy content of charcoal, pigeon pea stems make a suitable fuel source because of their propensity for rapid growth. The present investigation was carried to find out the influence of FYM and Vermicompost on growth of red gram (Cajanus cajan (L.). The growth characters such as shoot length, root length, plant height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area number of leaver per plant, number of hairy roots, shoot girth, number of branches per plants of red gram seedlings as influenced by the application of Vermicompost and FYM application was found. The biochemical such as chlorophyll, carbohydrates, protein , amino acids and sugars were observed. The macro and micronutrient contents such as Nitrogen, Phosphorous Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Zinc, Copper, Iron, and Manganese contents of red gram seedlings as viz., 10, 30, 45th days after sowing(DAS) influenced by the application of vermicompost and FYM is observed. The maximum growth was recorded in treatement five when compared with others respectively
FTIR Spectroscopic Analysis of Pyrimidine Derivatives: A Comprehensive Review
Get PDFThis review paper provides an in-depth analysis of the application of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in the study of pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidine ring is a core framework of many biologically active molecules such as pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is a valuable method for structural elucidation and characterization of pyrimidine derivatives. In this review, the FTIR spectral characteristics of pyrimidine-containing compounds are analysed in detail with special emphasis on characteristic vibrational modes of the pyrimidine ring and functional groups. We cover important FTIR bands that are frequently seen in pyrimidine derivatives and their connection with structural motifs including amino, methyl, halogen, and nitro substituents. The review also covers the use of FTIR spectroscopy for the analysis of these compounds across diverse fields such as medicinal chemistry, materials science, and biochemistry. In addition, the limitations and challenges of FTIR in pyrimidine analysis are addressed, as well as future prospects for enhancing its use
Precision Agriculture 4.0: Integrating Advanced IoT, AI, and Robotics Solutions for Enhanced Yield, Sustainability, and Resource Optimization-Evidence from Agricultural Practices in Syria
Get PDFThis study investigates the transformative role of Precision Agriculture 4.0 (PA 4.0) in modernizing agricultural systems, with a specific focus on Syria’s unique agronomic and socio-economic context. Precision Agriculture 4.0 represents the convergence of advanced technologies—namely the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and robotics—into a cohesive framework that enables real-time, data-driven farm management. The research explores how these integrated technologies facilitate enhanced spatial and temporal management of agricultural inputs, thereby addressing inefficiencies inherent in traditional farming systems. Key components analyzed include sensor networks for environmental and phenological monitoring, AI-based predictive analytics for optimized decision-making, and autonomous robotic platforms for executing precise agronomic interventions.The study assesses the limitations of legacy agricultural practices in the face of rising global food demand, climate variability, and dwindling natural resources. Within the Syrian context, the paper evaluates the deployment feasibility of PA 4.0 technologies under constraints such as limited infrastructure, political instability, and environmental degradation. Case studies are used to illustrate the empirical impact of PA 4.0 adoption, including improvements in input efficiency, crop yield, and sustainability metrics. The research further examines the structural barriers to adoption—such as digital illiteracy, policy gaps, and financing challenges—while outlining strategic enablers like capacity building, public-private partnerships, and targeted technological interventions. This work contributes to the broader discourse on agricultural modernization by offering a scalable and context-sensitive model for the integration of smart technologies into developing-world farming systems. The findings underscore the potential of PA 4.0 to enhance food security, environmental stewardship, and economic resilience in Syria and comparable regions
Formulation and Quality Evaluation of Herbal Soap Cosmeceutical using Essential Oils & Natural Ingredients by Saponification Reaction
No full textHerbal soap was formulated using the leaf and bark extract of Azadirachta indica (Neem), Ocimum tenuiflorum (Tulsi), Sapindus mukorussi (Indian soapberry/Reetha) and Acacia concinna (Shikakai) powder. Ayurvedic cosmetics are also known as herbal cosmetics. The natural content in the herbs does not have any side effect on the human body (Joshi & Pawar, 2015). Most herbal supplements are based on several botanical ingredients with long histories of traditional or folk medicine usage. Among the numerous botanical ingredients available in the market today (Saikia et al., 2006). Numerous chemical toxins and microorganisms present in the atmosphere may cause chemical infection and damage to skin. Cosmetics alone are not sufficient to take care of skin and body parts. Neem (Azadirachta indica) tree has attracted worldwide prominence owing to its wide range of medicinal properties. Neem leaves and its constituents have been demonstrated to exhibit anti-inflammatory, antihyperglycemic, antiulcer (Subapriya & Nagini, 2005), antimalarial, antifungal, antibacterial, antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic properties. Herbal soap ingredients were used reetha, neem, shikekai and tulsi., in which neem leaf and seed were found effective against some dermatophytes. Shikakai and Reetha act as a detergent and have cleaning and foaming activity and Tulsi shows antiviral activity (Amrutkar, 2022). This study focuses on the development and assessment of a herbal soap that includes glycerin, coconut oil and ajwain oil (Trachyspermum ammi), which is recognized for its antibacterial and antifungal qualities. The soap was made using the conventional saponification method, and its moisture content, foam retention, and physical attractiveness were evaluated. The finished soap had a good look, a pleasing smell, and a yellowish-brown tint and also had different colours because of using food grade colours. It retained a 12 cm foam height and 31% moisture content. These results imply that herbal soap containing ajwain oil and other organic components can successfully improve skin health and offer antibacterial defense. The growing consumer preference for natural and environmentally friendly personal care products is in line with this, underscoring the potential applications of herbal formulations in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries
Flow Analysis of a Couple Stress Fluid Through Porous Media in the Absence of a Pressure Gradient
Get PDFThis study investigates the steady flow of a chemically reacting couple-stress fluid through a porous medium without an imposed pressure gradient. Using the second law of thermodynamics, we analyze entropy generation and thermal irreversibility in the system. The higher-order differential equations that govern the flow, incorporating couple stresses and porous permeability effects, are non-dimensionalized and simplified to obtain approximate analytical solutions. Key parameters such as the stress parameter of the couple and the permeability of the porous medium are examined to determine their influence on flow behavior and the rates of entropy generation. The results provide insights relevant to the optimization of heat and mass transfer in complex fluid systems with applications in chemical and thermal engineering
Tuning Optical and Electronic Properties of MoS₂ and MoSe₂ Crystals via External Pressure: Structural Analysis and Device Implications
Get PDFLayered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), particularly molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) and molybdenum diselenide (MoSe₂), have garnered substantial attention due to their tunable bandgaps, strong excitonic effects, and layered structures. These unique properties render those promising candidates for next-generation optoelectronic and nanoelectronic devices. In this study, we investigate the structural and optoelectronic modulation of high-purity single crystalline MoS₂ and MoSe₂ under externally applied pressure up to 35 GPa using a diamond anvil cell (DAC) setup. Through in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and photoluminescence (PL) measurements, we observe pressure-induced lattice compression, phonon mode shifts, exciton quenching, and bandgap narrowing, without any evidence of structural phase transition up to the studied pressure range. These findings offer insight into pressure-driven band structure engineering and highlight the potential of TMDs for pressure-tunable optoelectronic devices
Burden of Anemia among Hospitalized Patients: An Observational Study
Get PDFAnemia is a major public health issue globally, particularly common in low- and middle-income countries like India, where it contributes significantly to morbidity in hospitalized patients. It is characterized by a reduction in red blood cell count or hemoglobin level, leading to reduced oxygen delivery to tissues. Causes range from nutritional deficiencies to chronic diseases, infections, blood loss and genetic disorders. Women, children, and the elderly are especially vulnerable. The objective of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and hematological patterns of anemia in hospitalized patients at a tertiary care center in South India and identify the most common morphological types across age and gender. Blood samples from 100 hospitalized patients were collected and analyzed using an automated hematology analyzer (sysmex) to assess hemoglobin levels, RBC indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC), and peripheral blood smear morphology. Anemia was diagnosed and classified based on WHO criteria and RBC morphology. The study revealed that microcytic hypochromic anemia was the most prevalent type (54%), followed by normocytic hypochromic (29%) and normocytic normochromic (17%). Females showed slightly higher prevalence and more signs of iron deficiency. Anemia types varied across age groups: Younger patients (10–30 years) showed healthier RBC morphology (normocytic), while older patients had more normocytic hypochromic anemia, indicating chronic disease involvement. The findings emphasize the importance of early detection, regular screening, targeted treatment nutritional intervention, and age and gender-specific management strategies to reduce anemia-related complications
Effect of Roadside Pollution on the Leaf Morphology of Celosia argentea
No full textCelosia argentea (common name - plumed cockscomb or silver cock\u27s comb) is a small edible and ornamental plant belonging to Family Amaranthaceae. In traditional medicine, all parts of the Celosia plant are used to treat a variety of conditions. The leaves and young stems of the Celosia plant are rich in iron, retinol, and ascorbic acid. The leaves are often used in stews and soups.
In this study, the quantitative leaf traits such as leaf length, width, and area were analyzed to assess the impact of vehicular pollution on roadside vegetation. In the case of Celosia argentea, exposure to pollution resulted in changes in leaf morphology, including alterations in leaf shape, size, area, and colour.
These alterations could be a result of the plant\u27s adaptation, where smaller leaf size may serve as a survival mechanism to cope with the stress induced by pollution
Environmental Disaster: The Impact of Wildfire-Induced Air Pollution on Health Emergencies in California, USA
Get PDFThe study examines environmental disaster of wildfire in California and its air on human health. The study adopted a descriptive data analysis. The secondary data for analysis was collected from data base of https://www.fire.ca.gov/ . The scope of data collected covered from 2016 to 2024 amounting nine years period. The visual presentation of the data was done in tables and charts. A total of 4,675,113 were total emergences, 70,252 was total wildfire, 23,209,50 was the total acres covered, 203 death recorded and 55,639 structured destroyed. The study concluded that wildfire case has significant prevalence in the past one decade. Wildfire contributes to 1.9 in average of total emergences in US becoming a year occurrence since 2016. There is significant health challenges resulting from air pollution from wildfire and this have contributed to significant health complications and mortality rate. The study recommended that there is need to implement advanced technologies for early wildfire detection and real-time monitoring. There is need to develop targeted air quality alerts and public health advisories to protect vulnerable populations during wildfire seasons and there is need to invest in reforestation, controlled burns, and land management strategies to reduce fuel loads
Future Prospects of Polymer Dielectric Nano-Composite & its Applications
No full textPolymer Nanocomposites are polymers in which small amounts of nanometer-size fillers have been mixed either by chemical mixing or physical mixing. Nanotechnology is used in many different fields as it gives us many advantages in miniaturization techniques in all fields (instruments). Nano-materials are more effective fillers for the preparation of polymer composites because of their surface properties and high aspect ratio. By integrating two or more Nano-materials with different properties, polymer composites improve performance [1-4].
Because of their robust mechanical properties and high surface-to-volume ratio, nano-composites can be used in a wide range of industries. Compared to traditional composites, nano-composites provide superior performance enhancement in terms of electrical, thermal, and superior mechanical characteristics and barriers. The capacity of a dielectric polymer to sustain an electrostatic field is a crucial characteristic. The remarkable electrical, mechanical, and thermal capabilities of polymer dielectric nanocomposites have drawn a lot of interest recently [5-8].
This review paper is based on earlier research and expects the future scope of practical knowledge. The present work aimed to design various Nano-composite materials that will be guidelines for the scientific and technological communities. The work will also emphasize various devices for characterization techniques with mechanical, optical & dielectric Properties using XRD, SEM, TEM, AFM, FTIR, XPS (ESCA), DSC, TGA, DTA, etc