Comptes Rendus Géoscience

Trinidad Torres

José E. Ortiz

Yolanda Sánchez-Palencia

Handled by Sylvie Bourquin

Amino acid epimerization dating of Quaternary coastal deformation in SE Iberian Peninsula: The region between Aguas and Antas Rivers’ mouths

Sandric Lesourd

Patrick Lesueur

Cédric Fisson

Jean-Claude Dauvin

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C. R. Geoscience 348 (2016) 409–410
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163eword
astal sediment dynamics: Introduction to the thematic issue
This thematic issue of Comptes rendus Geoscience gives
overview of the works presented in the frame of a
sion dedicated to ‘‘Coastal sediment dynamics’’ at the
h Congress of the French Association of Sedimentolo-
s, held in Paris, France, from 5 to 7 November 2013. In
l, 23 papers were presented in this session, both in the
 of oral communications and posters. This national
ference is traditionally a gateway for PhD and Master
dents to share their first results and sharpen their oral
ls in front of an audience of specialists.
The diversity of papers presented in this session reflects
 natural diversity of the French coasts that open on the
lish Channel, the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean
, both in terms of morphology (sedimentary and
eous rocky coasts, sandy beaches and subtidal prisms,
s and estuaries) and hydrodynamic processes (wave
sus tide-dominated environments).
The main scientific issues addressed in the communi-
ions focused on:
nderstanding the evolution of constructional and
rosional coasts at both long (Neogene to Quaternary)
nd short-terms (Holocene) through the stratigraphic
rchitecture of sedimentary systems and remnant
orphology of rocky platforms;
fining our vision of modern coastal systems in terms of
dimentary facies and heterogeneity, geomorphology
nd hydrodynamic processes, in order to better constrain
e interpretation of fossil systems;
uantifying sedimentary fluxes and relating hydrody-
amic processes to morphodynamics of sedimentary
odies in tide-dominated environments (estuaries and
dal channels, subtidal platforms);
arning from natural hazards (tsunamis, tidal flooding
nd storms) by studying the record of extreme events in
e sediment archive, and anticipating future evolutions
 the scope of climate change and rising sea-level
rough refined numerical models of sediment transport
nd morphodynamic evolution;
onitoring and anticipating the changes in sediment
atterns and transport due to human activities
(sediment dredging, installation of marine renewable
energy facilities. . .).
The different studies presented gave an interesting
outlook on the variety of tools deployed by the community
of coastal sedimentologists, and raised a number of
questions on the sensitivity, calibration and limits of use
of the measurement systems. Subtidal morphologies are
generally investigated using multi-swath bathymetry and
side-scan sonar, sometimes on vessels specially designed
for shallow water; intertidal and subtidal environments
are surveyed using air-borne and terrestrial laser scanner,
or by man-made surveys using differential GPS (beach
profiles). Hydrodynamics and sediment fluxes are quanti-
fied using optic (OBS) and acoustic (ADV, ADCP) probes.
While a very high-resolution seismic has proven its
efficiency to investigate the stratigraphy of subtidal bodies
and sediment infilling of bays and estuaries, ground-
penetrating radar is becoming increasingly popular in the
community to characterize the architecture of dunes and
beach ridges. Finally, original tools such as magnetic
susceptibility and X-ray microtomography enrich the
classical package of sedimentological lab analyses.
Six papers were selected for this thematic issue, which
illustrate the diversity of methods and objects embraced
by the community of sedimentologists working on coastal
environments.
Sandy beaches are subject to erosion, especially during
winter storms, and the French coasts are globally
retreating under the action of rising sea-level. Due to this
loss of recreational areas and to the damages on
infrastructures on the seaside, engineering solutions are
sometimes required to fight against erosion. Bain et al.
(2016) report a 5-year monitoring of a sandy beach in
northern France following the installation of a beach
drainage system. This soft engineering solution lowers the
beach watertable, and reduces the erosive potential of the
backwash. The survey reveals a landward displacement of
the sediment stock and a stabilization of the beach profile,
although the system is vulnerable to damages by strong
winter storms.
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Comptes Rendus Geoscience
ww w.s c ien c edi r ec t . c om
://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crte.2016.05.0011-0713/ 2016 Académie des sciences. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
Foreword / C. R. Geoscience 348 (2016) 409–410410Duperret et al. (2016) present a new dataset of high-
resolution shallow-water bathymetry coupled with aerial
lidar topography. The digital elevation models of land–sea
transition zones offer a unique opportunity to study the
development of rocky shore platforms. A comparison
between a chalky coast along the English Channel and a
granitic coast in Brittany highlights the role of lithology
and of the tectonic heritage as control factors of shore
platform development in response to past sea-level
fluctuations.
Quantifying sediment fluxes is essential to understand
long-term evolution and infilling of estuaries. However,
measuring suspended sediment concentration in highly
turbid and turbulent flow is not straightforward. Furgerot
et al. (2016) address this issue by performing a detailed
comparison of suspended sediment concentration values
during the passage of a tidal bore using: (i) in-situ
sampling, (ii) optical back-scatter sensor measurements.
The quantification of the tidal bore hydrodynamics
performed with ADV and ADCP measurements, coupled
with turbidity measurements, allowed them to calculate
instantaneous vertical sediment concentration profiles
during the passage of a tidal bore, which plays a significant
role in resuspended sediments from the channel bed.
Lesourd et al. (2016) present a new map of superficial
sediments in and around the mouth of the Seine estuary,
based on an interpolation of 561 grab samples. The
comparison of these data with four other superficial
sediment maps gives an overview of the sedimentary
evolution of the Seine estuary since the late 19th century.
The observations reveal an increasing content of muddy
sediment in the mouth of the estuary. Although in a mega-
tidal context, the man-induced alteration of the estuary by
engineering works for navigation has transformed the
estuary from a sandy tide-dominated environment to a
muddy river-dominated system.
The silting of the Seine estuary requires a continuous
dredging of the channels to ensure a minimum water
depth for navigation. The dredged material is generally
dumped on specific sites in the bay of Seine. Nizou et al.
(2016) propose an original method to monitor the
dispersal of the dredge material. Because terrigenous
sediment contains a higher fraction of ferromagnetic
minerals than marine sediment does, magnetic suscepti-
bility analysis of grab samples is an efficient tool to map
the dispersion of dredge-dumped sediment on the sea
floor, in complement to classical grain size analysis.
Van Vliet-Lanoë et al. (2016) investigate the historical
development of coastal dunes in Brittany. Dune building is
conditioned by the sediment budget, which increased in
the Late Holocene due to the slowing down of the marine
transgression and the development of agriculture, and to
stormy conditions that are more favourable during
dominantly negative NAO periods. However, modern
conditions of rising sea-level and sediment starvation
might weaken coastal dunes that protect lowlands from
marine submersion.
Acknowledgements
We wish to thank the authors for their contributions,
and all the participants in the ‘‘Coastal sediment dynam-
ics’’ session during the conference.
We are indebted to the numerous referees for their
conscientious and constructive reviews of the manu-
scripts: Rémi Belon (BRGM, France), Benoı̂t Camenen
(IRSTEA, France), Christian Crouzet (Savoie Mont-Blanc
University, France), Daidu Fan (Tongji University China),
Christine Franke (MINES ParisTech, France), Sophie Lebot
(University of Rouen, France), Barbara Mauz (University of
Liverpool, UK), Steve Mitchell (University of Portsmouth,
UK), Christophe Morhange (Aix-Marseille University,
France), Cherith Moses (Univ. of Sussex, UK), Aldo
Sottolichio (University of Bordeaux), and Wayne Stephen-
son (University of Otago, New Zealand).
We are grateful to Sylvie Bourquin, associate editor of
Comptes rendus Geoscience, who offered us the opportunity
to publish this thematic issue, and who helped us in the
reviewing and editorial processes.
References
Bain, O., Toullec, R., Combaud, A., Villemagne, G., Barrier, P., 2016. Five
years of beach drainage survey on a macrotidal beach (Quend-Plage,
northern France). C. R. Geoscience 348, (this issue).
Duperret, A., Raimbault, C., Le Gall, B., Authemayou, C., van Vliet-Lanoë, B.,
Regard, V., Dromelet, E., Vandycke, S., 2016. High-resolution onshore–
offshore morpho-bathymetric records of modern chalk and granitic
shore platforms in NW France. C. R. Geoscience 348, (this issue).
Furgerot, L., Mouazé, D., Tessier, B., Perez, L., Haquin, S., Weill, P., Crave, A.,
2016. Sediment transport induced by tidal bores. An estimation from
suspended matter measurements in the Sée River (Mont-Saint-
Michel Bay, northwestern France). C. R. Geoscience 348, (this issue).
Lesourd, S., Lesueur, P., Fisson, C., Dauvin, J.-C., 2016. Sediment evolution
in the mouth of the Seine estuary (France): A long-term monitoring
during the last 150 years. C. R. Geoscience 348, (this issue).
Nizou, J., Demory, F., Dubrulle-Brunaud, C., 2016. Monitoring of dredged-
dumped sediment dispersal off the Bay of the Seine (northern France)
using environmental magnetism. C. R. Geoscience 348, (this issue).
Van Vliet-Lanoë, B., Goslin, J., Hénaff, A., Hallégouët, B., Delacourt, C., Le
Cornec, E., Meurisse-Fort, M., 2016. Holocene formation and evolution
of coastal dunes ridges, Brittany (France). C. R. Geoscience 348, (this
issue).
Pierre Weill*, Bernadette Tessier
Morphodynamique continentale et côtière, CNRS, Université
de Caen Normandie, 24, rue des Tilleuls, 14000 Caen, France
*Corresponding author
E-mail address: pierre.weill@unicaen.fr (P. Weill)
Available online 1 June 2016


Sediment evolution in the mouth of the Seine estuary (France): A long-term monitoring during the last 150 years

Lidia Dziewinska

Radoslaw Tarkowski

Handled by Michel Campillo

Geophysical study of deep basement structure of NW Poland using effective reflection coefficients

Pierre Masse

Olivier Laurent

Handled by Isabelle Manighetti

Geological exploration of Angola from Sumbe to Namibe: A review at the frontier between geology, natural resources and the history of geology

Lidia Rodríguez-Méndez

Julia Cuevas

José María Tubía

Post-Variscan basin evolution in the central Pyrenees: Insights from the Stephanian–Permian Anayet Basin

Olivier Bain

Renaud Toulec

Anne Combaud

Guillaume Villemagne

Pascal Barrier

Five years of beach drainage survey on a macrotidal beach (Quend-Plage, northern France)

Florent Lallier

Guillaume Caumon

Jean Borgomano

Sophie Viseur

Jean-Jacques Royer

Christophe Antoine

Uncertainty assessment in the stratigraphic well correlation of a carbonate ramp: Method and application to the Beausset Basin, SE France

Cécile Cournède

Ian Garrick-Bethell

Robert S. Coe

Maxime Le Goff

Yves Gallet

Handled by Vincent Courtillot

Mineralogical changes upon heating in the Millbillillie meteorite: Implications for paleointensity determination in Apollo samples

Alexandre I. Chemenda

Olivier Cavalié

Mathilde Vergnolle

Stéphane Bouissou

Bertrand Delouis

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C. R. Geoscience 348 (2016) 1–2
http
163eword
om past to current tectonics: Thematic issue dedicated to
an-François Stéphan (1949–2013)
This thematic issue of Comptes rendus Geoscience has
n assembled to honor the memory of our late colleague
 friend Jean-François Stéphan. Jean-François was a
at scientist, specialized in tectonics, and a great
eague who devoted his time for his community. His
rk and actions deeply imprinted both the French and the
rnational Earth Science communities. This volume
gs together contributions of colleagues of Jean-
nçois, who were also close friends or colleagues who
w and deeply appreciated him. Naturally, tectonics is
 common theme of these contributions. Some of the
ers presented here focus on tectonic questions and/or
ions Jean-François worked on during his career; other
ers present studies Jean-François motivated or encour-
d in one way or another; other papers are simply
tonic studies he would have liked. Taken together, the
e papers of this thematic issue take the reader on a
utiful trip, from past to current tectonics.
The first three papers revisit the subduction factories
t were operating in Eurasia in Triassic to Cretaceous
es. Faure et al. (2016) analyze the Triassic tectonic
tures that form the southern margin of the South China
ck, and show from lithostratigraphic, structural and
onological evidence that the South China Block sub-
ted southward below the Qiangtang–Indochina block,
in opposite direction to the common vision. The
thward subduction was coeval with the intraconti-
tal subduction well documented in South-East China.
se results therefore provide a new vision of the Triassic
ductions in China. The papers by Chorowicz (2016) and
son et al. (2016) then take the readers further west, in
ope and adjacent regions. Based on lithostratigraphic
 tectonic analyses, Chorowicz (2016) shows that the
sent Pieniny Klippen Belt in the Carpathians formed
inally along a large north–south transform fault that
 the Neotethys domain from Permian to Early Paleo-
e. The transform fault was likely separating the
ninic and Insubric Oceans in the west from the
Carpathian Embayment and the Vardar oceans in the east.
Its transcurrent motion allowed subductions and obduc-
tions to operate with reverse vergence north and south of
the Neotethys. Sosson et al. (2016) provide additional
information on the Neotethys, in its prolongation further
east, in the Eastern Black Sea-Caucasus region. From new
stratigraphic, tectonic, and petrologic data acquired on
ophiolitic units in the zone, they show that an intra-
oceanic northward subduction was operating within the
Neotethys during the Cretaceous. When the spreading
center of the back-arc basin created by this intra-oceanic
subduction was carried into general subduction below
Eurasia, it opened a window into the slab that weakened
the overlying Eurasia plate. The plate weakening in turn
favored the opening of the Black Sea. The paper thus shows
how the Neotethys subduction factory resulted in produc-
ing some of the major tectonic elements of the Southern
Eurasia plate.
The next paper, by Rangin (2016), examines the
subduction process at a more focused scale, that of the
active margins where two convergent plates are in contact.
Rangin (2016) takes the reader to Asia again and, based on
tectonic data, analyzes the zones of micro-plates that have
formed the active margins in the Philippines, Andaman
Sea, and Burma regions during the Cenozoic. The
Philippines and Andaman Sea margins are shown to have
deformed in a fairly rigid manner, whereas the Burma
margin attests to a non-rigid behavior. The work thus
opens questions on which large-scale mechanisms might
control the mechanical behavior of subduction margins.
The following paper by Calais et al. (2016) keeps the
focus on subduction zones, but now examines how a
typical frontal subduction – that in Lesser Antilles,
transitions to strike-slip fault zones on its lateral edges.
Combining current GPS and long-term geological data, the
authors show that the Caribbean–North American plate
boundary is segmented laterally from frontal subduction in
the east, to oblique subduction with no strain partitioning
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Comptes Rendus Geoscience
ww w.s c ien c edi r ec t . c om
://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crte.2015.11.0031-0713/ 2015 Académie des sciences. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
Foreword / C. R. Geoscience 348 (2016) 1–22in the center (Puerto Rico), to oblique subduction/collision
with strain partitioning further west (Hispaniola). The
segmentation of the plate boundary is shown to arise from
its Neogene tectonic history, which highlights the control
of the long-term plate boundary properties onto current
deformation, including earthquakes and inter-seismic
loading.
The next two papers consider faults in general and
examine some of their fundamental properties. Perrin et al.
(2016) analyze the surface traces of about 50 continental
faults spanning a broad range of lengths, ages, and slip
modes, and whose direction of long-term lengthening is
known. They show that, independently of the parent fault
size and slip mode, networks of splay faults are systemati-
cally observed off the propagating fault tips, where they
have a length and a map-view width systematically scaled
to the parent fault’s length. The genetic and generic tip
splay networks are discussed in terms of permanent
damage resulting from fault growth. Chemenda et al.
(2016) provide a numerical model describing the 3-D
formation and evolution of a strike-slip fault in an
elastoplastic medium. The model reveals the development
of a wide and deep damage zone adjacent to the parent
fault, with a flower-type geometry in the vertical plane.
The details of the fault and damage evolution are revealed,
which provides important insights into the understanding
of natural faulting. In particular, the fault evolves as a
complex 3-D fault zone including different segments, and
damage widens rapidly as the fault grows, both away from
its trace and from surface to depth.
The next paper by Aguilar et al. (2016) keeps the reader
on strike-slip faults, and more specifically focuses on the El
Pilar dextral fault in Venezuela. The question is to examine
whether large prehistorical earthquakes on this fault have
significantly disturbed sedimentation in the Gulf of
Cariaco. Based on various sedimentary analyses of twelve
short cores extracted in the Gulf, the authors find evidence
of a widespread fine-grained siliciclastic deposit within
the Gulf, whose age suggests that it likely formed during
the large 1853 AD earthquake on the fault. It is proposed
that the earthquake induced large submarine landslides
that modified the topography of the Gulf entrance, which
in turn promoted upwelling and open marine water flows
from the Cariaco Basin, presently attested to by the
observed siliciclastic deposit.
Finally, Masse and Laurent (2016) take the reader to
the present time, and place him/her at the boundary
between geology and tectonics, history of geological
sciences, and exploitation of natural resources. The
authors show how geological studies have progressed
over the last century in Angola, and how this progress has
been fed both by mining and petroleum companies
interested in the local resources, and by the passion of
scientists that were also explorers.
Altogether the nine papers brought together in this
issue provide important new insights into some of the
most important tectonic features: subduction zones,
continental (especially strike-slip) faults, large earthqua-
kes, and interseismic deformation. In doing so, they render
a tribute to Jean-François Stéphan, who worked on all these
topics, with constant passion and creativity.
References
Aguilar, I., Beck, C., Audemard, F., Develle, A.-L., Boussafir, M., Campos, C.,
Crouzet, C., 2016. Last millenium sedimentation in the Gulf of Cariaco
(NE Venezuela): evidence for morphological changes of gulf entrance
and possible relations with large earthquakes. C. R. Geoscience 348,
(this issue).
Calais, E., Smythe, S., Mercier de Lépinay, B., Prépetit, C., 2016. Plate
boundary segmentation in the northeastern Caribbean from geodetic
measurements and Neogene geological observations. C. R. Geoscience
348, (this issue).
Chemenda, A.I., Cavalié, O., Vergnolle, M., Bouissou, S., Delouis, B., 2016.
Numerical model of formation of a 3-D strike-slip fault system. C. R.
Geoscience 348, (this issue).
Chorowicz, J., 2016. Genesis of the Pieniny Klippen Belt in the Carpa-
thians: possible effects of a major paleotransform fault in the Neo-
Tethyan domain. C. R. Geoscience 348, (this issue).
Faure, M., Lin, W., Chu, Y., 2016. Triassic tectonics of the southern margin
of the South Cjhina Block, 2016. C. R. Geoscience 348, (this issue).
Masse, P., Laurent, O., 2016. Geological exploration of Angola from Sumbe
to Namibe: a review at the frontier between geology, natural resour-
ces and the history of geology. C. R. Geoscience 348, (this issue).
Perrin, C., Manighetti, I., Gaudemer, Y., 2016. Off-fault tip splay networks:
a genetic and generic property of faults indicative of their long-term
propagation. C. R. Geoscience 348, (this issue).
Rangin, C., 2016. Rigid and non-rigid micro-plates: Philippines and
Myanmar-Andaman case studies. C. R. Geoscience 348, (this issue).
Sosson, M., Stephenson, R., Sheremet, Y., Rolland, Y., Adamia, S., Melko-
nian, R., Kangarli, T., Yegorova, T., Avagyan, A., Galoyan, G., Hässig, M.,
Danielan, T., Meijers, M., Müller, C., Sahakyan, L., Sadradze, N., Alania,
V., Enukidze, O., 2016. The eastern Black Sea–Caucasus region during
Cretaceous: new evidence to constrain its tectonic evolution. C. R.
Geoscience 348, (this issue).
Isabelle Manighetti
Université de Nice–Sophia Antipolis, Géoazur, bâtiment 4,
250, rue Albert-Einstein, 06560 Valbonne, France
E-mail address: manighetti@geoazur.unice.fr
Available online 17 December 2015


Numerical model of formation of a 3-D strike-slip fault system

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