Comptes Rendus Géoscience

CV2 - Editorial board ENG

Isabel Quintana-Cobo

Patricia Moreira-Turcq

Renato C. Cordeiro

Keila Aniceto

Alain Crave

Pascal Fraizy

Luciane S. Moreira

Julia Maria de Aguiar Duarte Contrera

Bruno Turcq

Handled by François Chabaux

Dynamics of floodplain lakes in the Upper Amazon Basin during the late Holocene

Jean-Sébastien Moquet

Jean-Loup Guyot

Sergio Morera

Pedro Rau

Philippe Vauchel

Christelle Lagane

Francis Sondag

Casimiro Waldo Lavado

Rodrigo Pombosa

Jean-Michel Martinez

Handled by François Chabaux.

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C. R. Geoscience 350 (2018) 1–3
§
10.1
163eword
vers of the Andes and the Amazon Basin: Deciphering global
ange from the hydroclimatic variability in the critical zone§
The Critical Zone has been defined as the thin layer of
 continental surfaces extending from fresh bedrock and
 bottom of groundwater up to vegetation canopy, where
, rock, water, air, and living organisms interact
nwart et al., 2012; Lin et al., 2011). Despite the Critical
e’s importance to terrestrial life, it remains poorly
erstood. In this context, understanding the complex
ractions between physical, chemical, and biological
cesses of the Critical Zone requires long-term observa-
s (Anderson et al., 2012; Brantley et al., 2017), not only
ause different mechanisms have varying time frames,
 also because it is necessary to monitor its natural and
hropogenic evolution in response to global climate and
ironmental changes.
Today, several French regional environmental observa-
es carry out research and long-term monitoring of
erent compartments of the Critical Zone within the
AR network. The HYBAM Observation Service
w.so-hybam.org) is a critical zone observatory that
ults from a cooperation between France, Brazil, Peru,
ivia, Equator, Venezuela, and the Republic of the Congo,
ich collects and disseminates data on the hydrological,
imentary, and geochemical fluxes in the Amazon Basin,
ce 2003, at nearly 40 hydrometric stations distributed
 the Andean Mountains to the Atlantic Ocean. The
work also includes two stations in French Guiana and
 stations on the Congo and Orinoco Rivers, which all
ether contribute to an improved understanding of the
iability of continental flows to the tropical Atlantic
an. Due to these characteristics, HYBAM observatory is
 only observation system able to monitor the hydro-
ical extreme events in the whole Amazon Basin, to
asure its impacts on sedimentary and geochemical
es.
Since 2005, the HYBAM observatory organizes scientific
 technical meetings in different Amazonian countries.
 6th HYBAM scientific meeting, held in Cuzco, Peru, in
2015, gathered scientists interested in the studies of large
river basins.
The eight papers from the meeting selected for this
thematic issue address different questions related to the
great rivers and floodplain lakes. Several disciplines are
concerned: hydrology, remote sensing, sedimentology,
geomorphology, and geochemistry, showing the multidis-
ciplinary of large river basin studies.
In this issue, three papers are presented, using remote
sensing images to monitor suspended sediment transport
in rivers. The first one, by Espinoza-Villar et al. (2018, this
issue), is an important contribution about the transport of
the suspended sediments in the western Amazon basin.
The results point out the importance of sediment re-
suspension in floodplain lakes in the annual sediment
discharge balance of the Amazonas–Solimões River main-
stream system. The paper also puts in evidence the
efficiency of satellite data to assess river solid discharge
in large basins where conventional monitoring network
data are scarce. The second article, by Martinelli et al.
(2018, this issue), also investigates suspended sediment
transport using MODIS satellite images in a tributary of the
Amazon River basin showing complex hydraulic processes
such as backwater effects of the Solimões River main
stream. The authors used MODIS image time-series to
estimate a 16-year time series of suspended sediment
concentrations at the Purus River surface, making it
possible to estimate a mean annual sediment discharge
about 16106 tonyr1. The third article, by Santiago Yepez
et al. (2018, this issue) reports the relationships between
Lansat-8 satellite data and suspended sediment concen-
tration in the Orinoco River. The result shows the good
quality of the OLI sensor images as an efficient tool to
analyze the suspended sediment transport patterns along
the Orinoco River.
Two papers have focused their efforts on a better
understanding of the confluence zone of the Negro and
Solimões Rivers, both using different acoustic sensors. The
first one, by Gualtieri et al. (2018, this issue) studied the
hydrodynamic and sediment transport at the confluence.Thematic issue handled by François Chabaux, Associate Editor.
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Comptes Rendus Geoscience
ww w.s c ien c edi r ec t . c om
016/j.crte.2018.01.0011-0713/C 2018 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Académie des sciences.
Foreword / C. R. Geoscience 350 (2018) 1–32The results confirm that common hydrodynamic features
noted in previous confluence studies, such as stagnation
zone, velocity deflection and realignment zone, separation
region with recirculation, maximum velocity, and flow
recovery region, were observed herein. The authors point
out some differences between low-flow and high-flow
conditions about the transfer of momentum from the
Solimões to the Negro side of the Amazon Channel. The
second one, by Ianniruberto et al. (2018, this issue), puts in
evidence the bed morphology and stratigraphy within a
deep section of the largest river on Earth. The authors
identified in the Amazon several classic morphologic
features expected to be observed under natural confluence
zones, such as a stagnation, deposition, erosion, and
sedimentary bedforms on the Solimões side of the Amazon
River. They also put in evidence the geologic and
hydrologic settings of the confluence that are responsible
for such a special behavior of the site. The local dynamic
are strongly controlled by structural aspects as well as
controlled by the backwater effects resulted by the power
of the Solimões current against the one from the Negro.
Finally, Ianniruberto et al. (2018, this issue) also showed
how an array of different acoustic sensors can be useful for
a morphology and stratigraphy study in that kind of
conditions. They also recommend more data collection for
a better behavior understanding in different periods of the
hydrological cycle.
The paper by Quintana-Cobo et al. (2018, this issue)
covers an interesting and relevant topic in hydrogeology,
describing the dynamics of floodplain lakes of the Ucayali
and Marañon Rivers in western Amazonia. Four sediment
cores were used to better understand the impact of
channel migration processes and climate change on the
depositional dynamics of the floodplain lakes of the Upper
Amazon Basin during the Late Holocene. The results show
that sedimentation in Ucayali floodplain lakes was marked
by variations during the late Holocene, with periods of
intense hydrodynamic energy and abrupt accumulations,
and periods of more lacustrine conditions. On the other
hand, in the Marañón River, floodplain lakes exhibit a
different sedimentary environment of low hydrodynamics,
and no intense migration process was experienced during
the last 600 cal yr BP.
The following paper, from Albéric et al. (2018, this
issue), explores the links between the mainstream, the
tributaries, and the floodplain, using a detailed spatial and
temporal sampling strategy in order to describe how
Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) from various potential
sources might be transported into the river in relation with
the flood pulse. The results point out three specific zones
between the Negro River confluence and the Tapajós River
mouth based on the d13C-DOC variations:
 upstream of the Rio Negro and the Rio Solimões
confluence, where no seasonal variation was observed;
 upstream of Itacoatiara (Rio Madeira mouth), higher
d13C-DOC values were observed during the falling water
period, but the origin of this 13C-enrichment remains to
be determined unambiguously;
 downstream the Rio Madeira mouth, where an increase
in the plankton contribution to DOC leads to a seasonal
pattern with lower d13C-DOC values during high and
falling water periods, and higher values during low
waters.
These results demonstrate the very complex biogeo-
chemical processes that take place between river and
floodplain systems.
The study by Moquet et al. (2018, this issue) present an
unprecedented dataset of river chemistry from 28 Andean
rivers distributed along the Ecuadorian and Peruvian
Pacific coast (18N and 188S), a region characterized by a
strong climatic gradient and usually impacted by El Niño
events. The authors estimated an annual flux of total
dissolved solids from the Andes to the Pacific Ocean of
about 30 Mtonyr1.
All these original research articles based on multidisci-
plinary approaches – mainstream, tributaries, flow plain
and confluence during high-flow and low-flow periods –
across the HYBAM Observation Service, promotes a better
understanding of large river environment in tropical South
America, in response to global climate.
Disclosure of interest
The author has not supplied his declaration of
competing interest.
References
Albéric, P., Pérez, M.A.P., Moreira-Turcq, P., Benedetti, M.F., Bouillon, S.,
Abril, G., 2018. Variation of dissolved organic carbon isotopic com-
position during the runoff cycle in the Amazon River and floodplains.
C. R. Geosci. (this issue).
Anderson, S.P., Anderson, R.S., Tucker, G.E., 2012. Landscape scale linkages
in critical zone evolution. C.R. Geosci. 344, 586–596.
Banwart, S., Menon, M., Bernasconi, S.M., Bloem, J., Blum, W.E.H., Maia de
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van Gaans, P., Weng, L., White, T., Zhang, B., 2012. Soil processes and
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Dos Santos, A., Willems, B., Fraizy, P., Santini, W., Vauchel, P., 2018.
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Foreword / C. R. Geoscience 350 (2018) 1–3 3tana-Cobo, I., Moreira-Turcq, P., Cordeiro, R.C., Aniceto, K., Crave, A.,
Fraizy, P., Moreira, L.S., Duarte, J.M.A., Turcq, B., 2018. Dynamics of
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Patricia Moreira-Turcqa,*, Jhan Carlo Espinozab,
Naziano Filizolac, Jean-Michel Martinezd
aUMR GET IRD/CNRS/UPS, centre IRD France Nord, 32,
avenue Henry-Varagnat, 93143 Bondy, France
bInstituto Geofı́sico del Perú (IGP), Peru
cUniversidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM),
Manaus, AM, Brazil
dUMR GET IRD/CNRS/UPS, France
*Corresponding author.
E-mail addresses: patricia.turcq@ird.fr (P. Moreira-Turcq)
jespinoza@igp.gob.pe (J. Carlo Espinoza)
nazianofilizola@ufam.edu.br (N. Filizola)
jean-michel.martinez@ird.fr (J.-M. Martinez)


Temporal variability and annual budget of inorganic dissolved matter in Andean Pacific Rivers located along a climate gradient from northern Ecuador to southern Peru

Gildas Dayon

Julien Boé

Éric Martin

Joël Gailhard

Volume 350 (2018) – No. 4 – May–June 
Cover illustration: A view of the Dead Sea seen from the Israeli shore. © David Shankbone. This fi le is licensed under 
the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. For further details, see Michael G. Ezersky 
and Amos Frumkin, C. R. Geoscience 349(1), 2017, pp. 1–11.
Review paper
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Petrology, Geochemistry
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Hydrology, Environment
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