Comptes Rendus Physique

Jianju Tang

Hongyi Yu

Chih-Kang Shih

Wang Yao

Moiré excitons at line defects in transition metal dichalcogenides heterobilayers

Jonathan Amodeo

Laurent Pizzagalli

Modeling the mechanical properties of nanoparticles: a review

Sébastien Lalléchère

Lala Rajaoarisoa

Laurent Clavier

Raul Sanchez Galan

Blaise Ravelo

Bandpass NGD function design for 5G microwave signal delay synchronization application

Comptes Rendus
Physique
Samuel Forest and David Rodney
Foreword: Plasticity and Solid State Physics
Volume 22, issue S3 (2021), p. 3-5
<https://doi.org/10.5802/crphys.92>
Part of the Special Issue: Plasticity and Solid State Physics
Guest editors: Samuel Forest (Mines ParisTech, Université PSL, CNRS, France)
and David Rodney (Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France)
© Académie des sciences, Paris and the authors, 2021.
Some rights reserved.
This article is licensed under the
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Les Comptes Rendus. Physique sont membres du
Centre Mersenne pour l’édition scientifique ouverte
www.centre-mersenne.org
Comptes Rendus
Physique
2021, 22, n S3, p. 3-5
https://doi.org/10.5802/crphys.92
Foreword / Avant-propos
Foreword: Plasticity and Solid State Physics
Avant-propos : Plasticité et Physique des Solides
Samuel Foresta and David Rodneyb
a MINES ParisTech, PSL University, Centre des matériaux (CMAT), CNRS UMR 7633,
BP 87 91003 Evry, France
b Institut Lumière Matière, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
E-mails: samuel.forest@mines-paristech.fr (S. Forest), david.rodney@univ-lyon1.fr
(D. Rodney)
The conference-debate session of the Académie des Sciences on 25 February 20201 high-
lighted the importance of the interactions between physics and mechanics of solids for a
better understanding of the plasticity of materials. The idea then arose to prepare a special
issue of the Comptes Rendus Physique de l’Académie des Sciences to deepen these fruitful rela-
tionships between a physical understanding of the mechanisms of plasticity and the continuum
modelling of these phenomena in view of the use of constitutive laws adapted to the calculation
of engineering structures.
We thank the authors of the articles in this volume for agreeing to explore this question
in greater depth by reporting original recent scientific advances or by proposing a review of
important results obtained in recent years. All classes of materials are addressed from the point
of view of plasticity: metals and alloys of course, but also ceramics and polymers, crystalline as
well as amorphous materials. The most recent multiscale experimental approaches (particularly
in four dimensions) are used, while the modelling of these phenomena resorts to both discrete
and continuum approaches.
A physical approach to the plasticity of solids, be they crystals or glasses, starts at the atomic
scale where the elementary mechanisms of deformation take place. In crystals, these processes
involve the motion of defects, that are of different nature depending on the material and the
deformation conditions. Plastic deformation may be due to the motion of dislocations, which
involves their core region that can only be modeled using atomistic methods, as illustrated in
olivine by Mahendran et al [1]. Plasticity may also result from the motion of grain boundaries,
that offer complex deformation routes, as discussed by Gautier et al based on in situ microscopy
and atomistic calculations [2]. In small-scale samples, such as nanoparticules, surfaces become
dominant and lead to specific deformation processes, as reviewed by Amodeo and Pizzagalli [3].
Also, imaging crystalline defects in three dimensions and monitoring their evolution over time
requires the development of new methods, such as 4d tomography, presented by Mussi et al [4].
1cf. https://www.academie-sciences.fr/fr/Colloques-conferences-et-debats
ISSN (electronic) : 1878-1535 https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/
4 Samuel Forest and David Rodney
In a multiscale approach, elementary processes are incorporated in higher scale models to
predict plasticity at the micro- and possibly macroscales. Such an approach is illustrated by
Clouet et al [5] who used ab initio calculations of dislocation core properties to predict the
yield stress of single crystals of tungsten. A similar multiscale approach may also be used in
amorphous solids where elementary processes of deformation take place in rather elusive shear
transformation zones that organize along microscopic shear bands as discussed by Tanguy [6].
A successful example of how to parametrize a mesoscopic model based on atomistic simulations
of a glass is also given by Castellanos et al [7].
The modern approach to the mechanical modelling of plasticity reconciles and surpasses the
results obtained during the two golden ages of continuum plasticity theory: the introduction
of the concept of dislocation density tensor by Nye and Kröner [8, 9] leading to the continuum
theory of dislocations, followed by the development of constitutive laws for crystal plasticity
based on the internal variable concept, starting in particular from the pioneering work of Mandel,
Teodosiu, Sidoroff, Kocks and Mecking [10–12]. The statistical mechanics of crystalline defects
turns out to be extremely difficult and its closure has not yet been fully established. Several
contributions in this volume report decisive advances in this field. A long-neglected aspect of
the analysis of plasticity phenomena is the intermittency of plastic deformation, which results in
fluctuations associated with dislocation avalanches and indicates critical dynamics, as discussed
by Weiss et al [13]. This essential feature can be captured using the Landau-type mesoscopic
continuum plasticity theory proposed by Salman et al [14]. The closure of the statistical theory of
dislocations requires new constitutive variables like dislocation alignment and curvature tensors
put forward by Weger et al [15] and identified from discrete dislocation dynamics simulations.
The identification of macroscopic crystal plasticity constitutive equations from in situ HR-EBSD
experimental analysis and from dislocation density simulations is also the subject of the work
of Zoller et al [16], which insists on the interactions between various slip systems activated in
micropillars under compression. Mesoscale field dislocation mechanics is then used by Berbenni
and Lebensohn [17] to study size effects emerging from the cyclic deformation of single crystals.
Finally, the simulations presented by Gelebart [18] perform the transition from single crystal to
polycrystal behaviour. A statistical distribution of dislocation sources is introduced in order to
predict grain size effects in polycrystals. The two latter contributions make use of Fast Fourier
Transform-based numerical methods that efficiently address large scale simulations.
Plasticity and its challenges are not limited to metals. The case of polymer-based composites
is addressed by Pardoen et al [19]. The authors show how nanomechanical testing methods
combined with coarse graining modelling tools provide a new picture of nonlinear fiber–matrix
interactions which finally lead to damage initiation.
Physical and mechanical interactions are also illustrated in this volume by the coupling of
elastic-plastic deformation and diffusive phase transformations. Ammar et al [20] present phase
field finite element simulations coupled with mechanics. The results indicate that the growth of
precipitates is strongly affected by the plastic deformation of the matrix which can lead to the
splitting of precipitates.
This volume shows strikingly that, despite the long history of this discipline, material plas-
ticity is an extremely active research topic using and enhancing the most recent experimental,
theoretical and numerical concepts and techniques. We believe that further progress will be ob-
tained by continued and enriched interactions between different fields, physics and mechanics
as discussed here, but also mathematics, chemistry and computer science to cite but a few.
C. R. Physique — 2021, 22, n S3, 3-5
Samuel Forest and David Rodney 5
Acknowledgments
Samuel Forest and David Rodney thank Denis Gratias for initiating this special issue. They also
acknowledge the great help of the editorial team of the Comptes Rendus Physique, in particular
Julien Desmarets.
References
[1] S. Mahendran, P. Carrez, P. Cordier, “The core structure of screw dislocations with [001] Burgers vector in Mg2SiO4
olivine”, Comptes Rendus. Physique 22 (2021), no. S3, this issue.
[2] R. Gautier, A. Rajabzadeh, M. Larranaga, N. Combe, F. Mompiou, M. Legros, “Shear-coupled migration of grain
boundaries: the key missing link in the mechanical behavior of small-grained metals?”, Comptes Rendus. Physique
22 (2021), no. S3, this issue.
[3] J. Amodeo, L. Pizzagalli, “Modeling the mechanical properties of nanoparticles: a review”, Comptes Rendus. Physique
22 (2021), no. S3, this issue.
[4] A. Mussi, P. Carrez, K. Gouriet, B. Hue, P. Cordier, “4D electron tomography of dislocations undergoing electron
irradiation”, Comptes Rendus. Physique 22 (2021), no. S3, this issue.
[5] E. Clouet, B. Bienvenu, L. Dezerald, D. Rodney, “Screw dislocations in BCC transition metals: from ab initio modeling
to yield criterion”, Comptes Rendus. Physique 22 (2021), no. S3, this issue.
[6] A. Tanguy, “Elasto-plastic behavior of amorphous materials: a brief review”, Comptes Rendus. Physique 22 (2021),
no. S3, this issue.
[7] D. F. Castellanos, S. Roux, S. Patinet, “Insights from the quantitative calibration of an elasto-plastic model from a
Lennard–Jones atomic glass”, Comptes Rendus. Physique 22 (2021), no. S3, this issue.
[8] E. Kröner, “Initial studies of a plasticity theory based upon statistical mechanics”, in Inelastic Behaviour of Solids
(M. F. Kanninen, W. F. Adler, A. R. Rosenfield, R. I. Jaffee, eds.), McGraw-Hill, 1969, p. 137-147.
[9] J. F. Nye, “Some geometrical relations in dislocated crystals”, Acta Metall. 1 (1953), no. 2, p. 153-162.
[10] U. F. Kocks, H. Mecking, “Physics and phenomenology of strain hardening: the FCC case”, Prog. Mater. Sci. 48 (2003),
p. 171-273.
[11] J. Mandel, “Equations constitutives et directeurs dans les milieux plastiques et viscoplastiques”, Int. J. Solids Struc-
tures 9 (1973), no. 6, p. 725-740.
[12] C. Teodosiu, F. Sidoroff, “A theory of finite elastoviscoplasticity of single crystals”, Int. J. Eng. Sci. 14 (1976), p. 165-176.
[13] J. Weiss, P. Zhang, O. U. Salman, G. Liu, L. Truskinovsky, “Fluctuations in crystalline plasticity”, Comptes Rendus.
Physique 22 (2021), no. S3, this issue.
[14] O. U. Salman, R. Baggio, B. Bacroix, G. Zanzotto, N. Gorbushin, L. Truskinovsky, “Discontinuous yielding of pristine
micro-crystals”, Comptes Rendus. Physique 22 (2021), no. S3, this issue.
[15] B. Weger, S. Gupta, T. Hochrainer, “Analysing discrete dislocation data using alignment and curvature tensors”,
Comptes Rendus. Physique 22 (2021), no. S3, this issue.
[16] K. Zoller, S. Kalácska, P. D. Ispánovity, K. Schulz, “Microstructure evolution of compressed micropillars investigated
by in situ HR-EBSD analysis and dislocation density simulations”, Comptes Rendus. Physique 22 (2021), no. S3, this
issue.
[17] S. Berbenni, R. A. Lebensohn, “A numerical study of reversible plasticity using continuum dislocation mechanics”,
Comptes Rendus. Physique 22 (2021), no. S3, this issue.
[18] L. Gélébart, “Grain size effects and weakest link theory in 3D crystal plasticity simulations of polycrystals”, Comptes
Rendus. Physique 22 (2021), no. S3, this issue.
[19] T. Pardoen, N. Klavzer, S. Gayot, F. V. Loock, J. Chevalier, X. Morelle, V. Destoop, F. Lani, P. Camanho, L. Brassart,
B. Nysten, C. Bailly, “Nanomechanics serving polymer-based composite research”, Comptes Rendus. Physique 22
(2021), no. S3, this issue.
[20] K. Ammar, B. Appolaire, S. Forest, “Splitting of dissolving precipitates during plastic shear: A phase field study”,
Comptes Rendus. Physique 22 (2021), no. S3, this issue.
C. R. Physique — 2021, 22, n S3, 3-5


Guest editors

Samuel Forest

David Rodney

Foreword: Plasticity and Solid State Physics

Kolja Zoller

Szilvia Kalácska

Péter Dusán Ispánovity

Katrin Schulz

Microstructure evolution of compressed micropillars investigated by <i>in situ</i> HR-EBSD analysis and dislocation density simulations

Thomas Pardoen

Nathan Klavzer

Sarah Gayot

Frederik Van Loock

Jérémy Chevalier

Xavier Morelle

Vincent Destoop

Frédéric Lani

Pedro Camanho

Laurence Brassart

Bernard Nysten

Christian Bailly

Nanomechanics serving polymer-based composite research

Kais Ammar

Benoît Appolaire

Splitting of dissolving precipitates during plastic shear: A phase field study

Nicolas Noé

François Gaudaire

Numerical modeling of downlink electromagnetic wave exposure generated by 5G beamforming antennas

Johann Coraux

Xavier Marie

Comptes Rendus
Physique
Johann Coraux and Xavier Marie
Foreword: Recent advances in 2D materials Physics
Volume 22, issue S4 (2021), p. 3-4
<https://doi.org/10.5802/crphys.99>
Part of the Special Issue: Recent advances in 2D material physics
Guest editors: Xavier Marie (INSA Toulouse, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier,
CNRS, France) and Johann Coraux (Institut Néel, Université Grenoble Alpes,
CNRS, France)
© Académie des sciences, Paris and the authors, 2021.
Some rights reserved.
This article is licensed under the
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Les Comptes Rendus. Physique sont membres du
Centre Mersenne pour l’édition scientifique ouverte
www.centre-mersenne.org
Comptes Rendus
Physique
2021, 22, n S4, p. 3-4
https://doi.org/10.5802/crphys.99
Foreword / Avant-propos
Foreword: Recent advances in 2D materials
Physics
Avant-propos : Physique des matériaux
bidimensionnels
Johann Coraux∗, a and Xavier Marieb
a Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut Néel, F-38000 Grenoble, France
b Univ. Toulouse, LPCNO (INSA, CNRS, UPS) F-31077 Toulouse, France
E-mails: johann.coraux@neel.cnrs.fr, marie@insa-toulouse.fr
Two-dimensional (2D) materials are fascinating objects for researchers with a wide variety of
possible applications. The 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics for graphene is certainly a very famous
milestone in their still young history, and the field keeps on renewing itself, at a pace that gives
no sign of slowing down, on the contrary.
Altogether, 2D materials host a plethora of intriguing effects and as such, have become
playgrounds for revisiting almost every branch or aspect of condensed matter physics, from
spin phenomena, superconductivity, photonics, to quantum coherence, electron correlation and
many-body effets, topology, and many more.
These materials can be isolated from naturally occurring bulk layered compounds or synthe-
sised from the bottom up, starting from atomic or molecular building-blocks. Quite remarkably,
they can be stacked on top of the other to form artificial materials at will, so-called van der Waals
heterostructures. Controlling their stacking sequence, one can engineer complex designer mate-
rials with e.g. strong electronic interactions and enhanced quantum effects.
The purpose of this special issue of Comptes Rendus Physique is to illustrate the latest advances
in this field of condensed matter physics, that is currently in full effervescence. Thousands
of scientific contributions are published every year in the condensed-matter physics branch
focusing on the investigation of these 2D materials, and several valuable topical reviews are
published on a yearly basis. Hence there cannot be any pretension for exhaustivity here, and
the present introduction will not engage in the delicate endeavour of a general perspective on
the physics of 2D materials. This special issue aims to illustrate the richness of these research
activities by presenting original results in several sub-fields.
∗Corresponding author.
ISSN (electronic) : 1878-1535 https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/physique/
4 Johann Coraux and Xavier Marie
The field keeps on broadening, touching ever more research topics and involving an ever
growing number of scientists and engineers. Basic and applied research based on these materials
cross the boundaries of several disciplines, and an overview would obviously be too broad to
cover within a collection of articles such as in the present special issue. The special issue focuses
on recent advances in basic physics phenomena. These phenomena are inherited from the
atomic-scale structural order symmetries in 2D materials, and the resulting unique electronic,
optical, magnetic properties. The specific dimensionality of course plays a key role here. Together
with the 2D dimensionality, comes the effect of interfaces, which is prominent here, and makes
the van der Waals heterostructures of stacked 2D materials remarkably fertile fields of research
these days.
The articles address various kinds of 2D materials — graphene, superconductors, transition
metal (di)chalcogenides, hexagonal boron nitride — and their heterostructures, from experimen-
talists and theorists viewpoints. The special issue illustrates the variety of effects encountered in
these systems, especially: Electronic effects, related to defects or in the presence of correlation
and topology effects; Spin-related effects, in semiconductors and in the presence of the spin-orbit
interaction; Optical effects, how they relate to the electronic band structure of the materials and
with special attention to the physics of excitons influenced by the dimensionality, other excita-
tions, moirés or defects.
Acknowledgements
We thank all the contributors to this issue. They are forefront experts in their field and each bring
points of view we expect will be inspiring for the reader. We also thank Denis Gratias and the
editorial staff of Comptes Rendus Physique for their kind support and trust in this work.
C. R. Physique — 2021, 22, n S4, 3-4


Foreword: Recent advances in 2D materials Physics

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