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Facteurs de succession fongique chez trois espèces ligneuses différentes dans un fragment de forêt tropicale
No full textLes champignons vivant dans le bois sont importants dans les écosystèmes forestiers et jouent un rôle essentiel dans le recyclage des nutriments et du carbone. Cependant, les facteurs responsables de la succession fongique sont mal compris. Nous avons évalué la succession fongique de trois espèces d’arbres dans un fragment de forêt atlantique de l’État de São Paulo, Brésil. Des branches en décomposition provenant de différents endroits ont été échantillonnées tous les quatre mois pendant deux ans. Cette étude a identifié 2 309 unités taxonomiques opérationnelles (OTU), principalement issues des phyla Ascomycota et Basidiomycota, dans des fragments de branches fraîchement coupées d’angiospermes tropicaux. La richesse a dépassé les études comparables dans les écosystèmes non tropicaux, attribuée au substrat unique et à la méthodologie de séquençage. Malgré les variations de l’abondance de l’OTU au fil du temps, aucune différence significative n’a été observée entre les trois espèces d’arbres étudiées. Les taux de décomposition présentaient des variations temporelles, avec une activité plus intense en été et des taux réduits en hiver. La teneur en azote a augmenté avec le temps, associée à l’action microbienne. La dégradation de la cellulose prédominait, suivie par les hémicelluloses et la lignine. La structure de la communauté fongique a montré un changement d’Ascomycota vers Basidiomycota, indiquant un modèle de décomposition naturelle. Les facteurs influençant la décomposition comprenaient la spécificité du substrat, l’histoire de chaque branche ainsi que la résilience et la compétitivité de la communauté fongique. L’étude met l’accent sur l’interaction complexe entre les facteurs biotiques et abiotiques dans la formation des communautés fongiques lors de la décomposition du bois dans les forêts tropicales. Dans l’ensemble, les résultats contribuent à comprendre la dynamique complexe de la succession fongique, du cycle des nutriments et de la spécificité du substrat dans les processus de décomposition du bois tropical.Wood-inhabiting fungi are important in forest ecosystems and play an essential role in nutrient and carbon recycling. However, the drivers of fungal succession are poorly understood. We assessed the fungal succession of three tree species in a fragment of Atlantic forest in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Decomposing branches from different locations were sampled every four months for two years. This study identified 2 309 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs), predominantly from the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, in freshly cut branch fragments of tropical angiosperm trees. The richness exceeded comparable studies in non-tropical ecosystems, attributed to the unique substrate and sequencing methodology. Despite variations in OTU abundance across time points, no significant differences were observed between the three tree species studied. Decomposition rates exhibited temporal variations, with more intense activity during summer and reduced rates in winter. Nitrogen content increased over time, associated with microbial action. Cellulose degradation predominated, followed by hemicelluloses and lignin. Fungal community structure showed a shift from Ascomycota to Basidiomycota, indicative of a natural decomposition pattern. Factors influencing decomposition included substrate specificity, individual branch history, and the fungal community’s resilience and competitiveness. The study emphasizes the complex interplay between biotic and abiotic factors in shaping fungal communities during wood decomposition in tropical forests. Overall, the findings contribute to understanding the intricate dynamics of fungal succession, nutrient cycling, and substrate specificity in tropical wood decay processes.</p
West Palaearctic species of <i>Euura</i> Newman, 1837 (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)
No full textExcluding 102 species of the previously revised West Palaearctic species groups of Euura Newman, 1837 (gall-making groups, 84 species; amentorum group, 8 species; bergmanni group, 8 species; and oligospila group, 2 species), we treat here the remaining 164 West Palaearctic species of the genus. 145 new synonymies are proposed (one in Platycampus, one in Nematus, two in Pristiphora, and the rest in Euura: see Table 4 for details). 153 lectotypes are designated (see Table 4). Four nominal species are reinstated (valid name in square brackets): Pteronidea fuscarima Benson, 1933 [E. fuscarima (Benson, 1933) comb. nov.], P. fuscodorsata Lindqvist, 1949 [Euura fuscodorsata (Lindqvist, 1949) comb. nov.], Pachynematus perkioemaekii Lindqvist, 1960 [E. perkioemaekii (Lindqvist, 1960) comb. nov.], and Pontania poppii Konow, 1904 [Euura poppii (Konow, 1904) comb. nov.]. Euura tiliae (Zinovjev, 1998) comb. nov. and E. wuyishanica (Wei, 2003) comb. nov. are transferred from Nematus. Euura memoriakaszabi (Haris, 2002) comb. nov. is transferred from Pristiphora. Five new species are described: Euura halo Prous, Liston & Mutanen sp. nov., E. histriato Prous, Liston & Mutanen sp. nov., E. minivittata Prous & Mutanen sp. nov., E. polepso Prous & Mutanen sp. nov., and E. serela Prous & Mutanen sp. nov. Euura telos Liston & Prous nom. nov. (an East Palaearctic species) is proposed for Amauronematus terminalis Malaise, 1931, a secondary homonym of Pontania terminalis Marlatt, 1896 [Euura terminalis (Marlatt, 1896)]. Three treated putative species based on single males (E. bergmanni and E. clitellata group) and a female (E. bipartita group) remain unidentified pending further research. An identification key is provided to separate the genus Euura from the other similar genera. Host plants are now known for 80% (132) of the treated species (88% for all West Palaearctic Euura). Genetic data (at least mitochondrial COI and nuclear NaK and POL2) are reported for 91% (151) of the treated species. The genetic data were obtained with Sanger and Nanopore sequencing. In numerous cases, identification of one sex of a species remains difficult using morphological characters but is clear when using genetic data. In a few cases, however, identification based on morphology is reliable, while support from available genetic data is weak. Often, large morphological and genetic variability makes species delimitation ambiguous. Within-species genetic diversity, as estimated from diploid females (i.e., within-individual genetic diversity, which is an underestimate of within-species diversity), is large in Euura, on average with 0.3% divergence between the haplotypes (max 1.4%), while between-species divergence for a given species group is often only slightly higher (on average varies between 0.5–2.1%). Strong mito-nuclear discordance is observed within most species groups, but in some cases even between species groups. Over 50% of the species cannot be reliably identified based on mitochondrial COI barcodes. While nuclear DNA is significantly more congruent with morphology, identification of about 15% of the species can be ambiguous due to large genetic variability. Remarkably, two or more apparently functional COI variants are frequently observed within the same individual, with variants diverging by up to 9.6% in Euura lappo (for the 658 bp barcoding region).</p
A revision of the genus <i>Sclerocoelus</i> Marshall (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae)
No full textThe widespread but mostly Andean genus Sclerocoelus Marshall, 1995 is revised and redescribed, and the following 48 new species are described: S. aduncus sp. nov. (Ecuador), S. alpinus sp. nov. (Ecuador, Venezuela), S. altus sp. nov. (Ecuador), S. argentinensis sp. nov. (Argentina), S. azulensis sp. nov. (Ecuador), S. binus sp. nov. (Bolivia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela), S. bucki sp. nov. (Bolivia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru), S. caligarius sp. nov. (Bolivia), S. chilensis sp. nov. (Chile), S. copiosus sp. nov. (Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, Venezuela), S. costaricensis sp. nov. (Costa Rica), S. cubus sp. nov. (Ecuador, Peru), S. dasysternum sp. nov. (Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Panama, Tobago), S. dominicensis sp. nov. (Dominica), S. dryadalis sp. nov. (Venezuela), S. elephas sp. nov. (Bolivia, Ecuador, Venezuela), S. espeletia sp. nov. (Venezuela), S. flavus sp. nov. (Venezuela), S. frigidifrons sp. nov. (Ecuador), S. grandicercus sp. nov. (Costa Rica), S. inornatus sp. nov. (Ecuador), S. irregularis sp. nov. (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Paraguay), S. latibarbus sp. nov. (Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico), S. lazulita sp. nov. (Bolivia, Ecuador, Venezuela), S. limbus sp. nov. (Bolivia, Peru), S. longibarbus sp. nov. (Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico), S. lutosus sp. nov. (Bolivia, Peru), S. mandibulum sp. nov. (Bolivia, Ecuador), S. masneri sp. nov. (Venezuela), S. meridensis sp. nov. (Venezuela), S. nebulosus sp. nov. (Costa Rica, Ecuador, Venezuela), S. nitidistylus sp. nov. (Costa Rica, Panama), S. ocellatus sp. nov. (Costa Rica), S. paranebulosus sp. nov. (Venezuela), S. pararegularis sp. nov. (Mexico), S. parasordipes sp. nov. (Canada, Mexico, USA), S. penai sp. nov. (Bolivia), S. punensis sp. nov. (Bolivia, Peru), S. puyensis sp. nov. (Ecuador), S. recurvatus sp. nov. (Costa Rica), S. riparius sp. nov. (Ecuador), S. rostrum sp. nov. (Mexico), S. synorios sp. nov. (Mexico, USA), S. tantus sp. nov. (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Paraguay, Venezuela), S. tridens sp. nov. (Bolivia, Ecuador), S. turpis sp. nov. (Brazil), S. vulgatus sp. nov. (Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru), and S. xynos sp. nov. (Argentina, Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela). A key to species is provided, along with discussions of the relationships, distribution, and biology.</p
Ursidae (Carnivora, Mammalia) de la grotte de Tunel Wielki (Sud de la Pologne)
No full textLa présence de deux ursidés, Ursus deningeri hercynicus Rode, 1935 et Ursus arctos taubachensis Rode, 1935, a été documentée dans la grotte de Tunel Wielki. Parmi eux, Ursus deningeri hercynicus est représenté par presque tous les éléments du squelette, avec la prédominance de dents isolées, de métapodes et de phalanges. L’analyse effectuée montre que les restes de cette sous-espèce d’ours du Tunel Wielki présentent des caractéristiques morphologiques et des valeurs métriques intermédiaires entre les individus enregistrés dans les matériaux des localités du Pléistocène précoce-moyen (MIS 19-13) et du Pléistocène moyen tardif (MIS 12-9). Un ensemble de caractéristiques suggère un âge géologique plus récent que le MIS 19-13. La plupart de ces caractères ont été trouvés dans le matériel dentaire, tandis que les os postcrâniens ont une valeur biochronologique et taxonomique plutôt limitée. Le matériel d’Ursus arctos taubachensis est représenté par cinq os. Avec le site allemand de Bad Frankenhausen, la grotte de Tunel Wielki a probablement documenté la première apparition de l’espèce d’origine asiatique liée à la faune des mammouths en Europe.The presence of two ursids, Ursus deningeri hercynicus Rode, 1935 and Ursus arctos taubachensis Rode, 1935, was documented from the Tunel Wielki Cave. Of them, Ursus deningeri hercynicus is represented by almost all skeletal elements, with the predominance of isolated teeth, metapodials and phalanges. The analysis performed shows that the remains of this bear subspecies from Tunel Wielki have intermediate morphological features and metric values between individuals recorded in the materials from the early-mid (MIS 19-13) and late Middle Pleistocene (MIS 12-9) localities. A set of features suggests a more recent geological age than MIS 19-13. Most of these characters were found in the dental material, while postcranial bones have a rather limited biochronological and taxonomical value. The material of Ursus arctos taubachensis is represented by five bones. Together with the German site Bad Frankenhausen, Tunel Wielki Cave probably documented the first appearance of the species of Asian origin and related to the Mammoth Fauna in Europe.</p
DIGIT-KEY: an aid towards uniform 2D+ and 3D digitisation techniques within natural history collections – Corrigendum
No full textThe present corrigendum corrects errors that occurred in Brecko J. et al. (2025).</p
Le genre conoïdé <i>Belalora</i> Powell, 1951 (Gastropoda, Mangeliidae) à la loupe : un habitant exclusif des eaux magellaniques
No full textL\u27espèce Belalora cunninghami (E. A. Smith, 1881) est comparée à B. thielei Powell, 1951, des eaux atlantiques, ainsi qu’à B. striatula (Thiele, 1912) et B. weirichi (Engl, 2008), de l’Antarctique. De nouveaux spécimens complets de B. cunninghami collectés à Chonchi, Chiloé, et dans la baie de Cordes, détroit de Magellan, au Chili, ainsi qu’au large de Mar del Plata, en Argentine, nous ont permis d’étudier la coquille, la radula, le pénis, l’opercule et les détails de l’ornementation du protoconque. Nous concluons que le genre Belalora englobe deux espèces, B. thielei, espèce type du genre, et B. cunninghami, vivant toutes deux dans la région magellanique. De plus, la comparaison de la radula et de la coquille de “B.” striatula et de “B.” weirichi indique que ces espèces antarctiques appartiennent à un genre différent, peut-être non décrit. La morphologie de la coquille de Fusus sublutus Gould, 1849 et de Lora equatorialis Dall, 1919, autrefois inclus dans Belalora, montre qu’ils appartiennent à un taxon différent.Belalora cunninghami (E. A. Smith, 1881) is compared with B. thielei Powell, 1951 from Atlantic waters, and B. striatula (Thiele, 1912) and B. weirichi (Engl, 2008) both from Antarctica. New complete specimens of B. cunninghami collected in Chonchi, Chiloé, and Cordes Bay, Strait of Magellan, Chile and off Mar del Plata, Argentina allow the study of shell, radula, penis, operculum and details of the ornamentation of the protoconch. We conclude that the genus Belalora encompass two species B. thielei, type species of the genus, and B. cunninghami both living in the magellanic region. In addition, the comparison of the radula and shell of “B.” striatula and “B.” weirichi, indicate that these Antarctic species belong to a different perhaps undescribed genus. The morphology of the shell of Fusus sublutus Gould, 1849 and Lora equatorialis Dall, 1919 once included in Belalora proof to belong in a different taxon.</p
Review of the Chinese species of the genus <i>Tropidocephala</i> Stål, 1853 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Delphacidae), with descriptions of two new species
No full textThe Chinese species of the genus Tropidocephala Stål, 1853 are reviewed. 26 species are recognized, of which T. brunnipennis Signoret, 1860, T. dingi Sun, Yang & Chen, 2014, T. festiva (Distant, 1906), T. jiawenna Kuoh, 1979, T. longiapina Ding, 1982, T. nigra (Matsumura, 1900), T. serendiba (Melichar, 1903), T. sinica Ding, 2006, and T. sinuosa Yang & Yang, 1986 are illustrated and redescribed, and two new species, T. lamellata sp. nov. and T. yunnanensis sp. nov. are described and illustrated. A checklist and key of Chinese species in the genus are provided. </p
Review of the spider genus <i>Devade</i> Simon, 1885 (Araneae: Dictynidae) from China
No full textThe dictynid spider genus Devade from China is revised, and two species from Xinjiang are described: D. longa sp. nov. (♂♀) and D. pulla sp. nov. (♂♀). Devade mongolica Esyunin & Marusik, 2001 is recorded from China for the first time, and D. qiemuensis (Hu & Wu, 1989) stat. rev. is revalidated from the synonymy of D. tenella (Tyshchenko, 1865). Males of D. mongolica Esyunin & Marusik, 2001 and D. qiemuensis (Hu & Wu, 1989) are described for the first time. Detailed morphological descriptions, photographs, illustrations of copulatory organs and distribution maps of the four species are provided.</p
Revision of Indian Ischnothelidae (Arachnida: Araneae) and descriptions of two new species of <i>Indothele</i> Coyle, 1995
No full textTwo new species of Indothele Coyle, 1995 are described from the Western Ghats of India: I. amboli Kadam, Tripathi & Sherwood sp. nov. (♂♀) from Amboli in Maharashtra, and I. silentvalley Tripathi, Kadam & Sherwood sp. nov. (♂♀) from Silent Valley National Park in Kerala. Images of the type material of I. dumicola (Pocock, 1900), the type species, are presented to complement its identification. Additionally, the male of I. mala Coyle, 1995 is described for the first time. We transfer the misplaced Ischnothele indicola Tikader, 1969 to the genus Macrothele Ausserer, 1871 (Macrothelidae), creating the new combination Macrothele indicola comb. nov. A catalogue of Indian Ischnothelidae and their currently known distribution is mapped.</p
Diversity of the extinct land snail genus <i>Chilonopsis</i> of St Helena (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Achatinidae)
No full textThe extinct land snail genus Chilonopsis (Achatinidae) endemic to St Helena is revised, based on existing and new material collected during palaeontological investigations in 2022–2023. We recognise nine species, including one from the new material that was previously undescribed: Chilonopsis lanceoloideus sp. nov. We review the nomenclature of all species and confirm the recent, but largely overlooked, validation of C. aurisvulpina, and the correct spelling of C. melanioides. We designate lectotypes for C. aurisvulpina and C. subtruncatus and synonymise Bulimus relegatus Benson with the former. Two species were recorded alive in 1878 and 1884–86 (C. melanioides and C. turtoni), but neither have been found alive since; the others have only ever been found as subfossil material.</p