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Four new species of the lanternfly genus <i>Zanna</i> Kirkaldy, 1902 from Cambodia and Vietnam (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae)
No full textFour new species of Zanna Kirkaldy, 1902 are described: two from Cambodia, Z. chartieri Constant sp. nov. from Tatai in Koh Kong Province and Z. limbourgi Constant sp. nov. from Phnom Aural Wildlife Sanctuary in Kampong Speu Province and Kbal Spean in Siem Reap Province, and two from Vietnam: Z. bidoupana sp. nov. from Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park in Lam Dong Province and Z. kusamae sp. nov. from Dong Nai Biosphere Reserve in Dong Nai Province. Illustrations of the holotypes and male genitalia, photographs of live specimens and nymphs, a distribution map and host plants records are provided. The type of Zanna chinensis (Distant, 1893) is also illustrated for comparison. The genus Zanna now contains 37 species.</p
Les Triphoridae (Gastropoda) de Martinique échantillonnés lors de l’expédition MADIBENTHOS, avec des remarques sur les espèces des eaux peu profondes de Guadeloupe.
No full textCette étude vise à évaluer la composition taxonomique des triphoridés de la Martinique collectés pendant l’expédition MADIBENTHOS, qui comprenait plus de 500 événements de collectes. De plus, certaines identifications des triphoridés peu profonds de Guadeloupe (basées sur des travaux récents) sont corrigées. Après l’analyse de 1 615 spécimens, 33 espèces de triphoridés ont été dénombrées dans les eaux peu profondes de la Martinique, dont Inella spinosa n. sp., Isotriphora pardus n. sp. et Metaxia discus n. sp. décrits comme nouvelles espèces. De nouveaux signalements sont proposés pour les Petites Antilles, comme Cheirodonta dupliniana (Olsson, 1916), Strobiligera inaudita (Rolán & H.G.Lee, 2008) et Triphora martii Rolán & Fernández-Garcés, 1995. La taxonomie de certaines espèces est discutée (principalement pour Nanaphora Laseron, 1958), et de nouvelles allocations génériques sont proposées : Marshallora abacoensis (Rolán & Redfern, 2008) n. comb., Marshallora armandoi (Espinosa & Ortea, 2020) n. comb., Marshallora grenadensis (Rolán & Lee, 2008) n. comb., Marshallora monteiroi (Rolán & Fernández-Garcés, 2015) n. comb. La courbe de raréfaction individuelle des triphoridés de MADIBENTHOS est presque saturée mais n’a pas atteint l’asymptote. Sept espèces (toutes à développement planctotrophe) sont considérées comme abondantes ou très abondantes, tandis que huit espèces (à développement planctotrophe ou non-planctotrophe) sont représentées par des “singletons” ou des “doubletons”. Le brossage et l’aspiration se sont révélés efficaces pour récolter des triphoridés, et certains dragages ont permis de récolter jusqu’à 13 espèces (principalement à des profondeurs inférieures à 50 m). Plus d’espèces ont été échantillonnées sur la façade atlantique de la Martinique, mais des stations hyper-diversifiées étaient répandues le long de l’île. L’abondance des triphoridés et la composition des espèces changent en Martinique le long du gradient de profondeur ; Iniforis turristhomae (Holten, 1802) est le triphoridé le plus abondant entre 0 et 30 m, alors que Cosmotriphora melanura (C.B. Adams, 1850) prédomine entre 31 et 85 m.This study aims to evaluate the taxonomic composition of triphorids from Martinique obtained by the MADIBENTHOS expedition, which comprised more than 500 marine sampling events. In addition, some identifications of shallow-water triphorids from Guadeloupe (based on recent works) are corrected. After the analysis of 1615 specimens, 33 triphorid species were found in the shallow waters of Martinique, of which Inella spinosa n. sp., Isotriphora pardus n. sp. and Metaxia discus n. sp. are described as new species. New records are given for the Lesser Antilles, such as Cheirodonta dupliniana (Olsson, 1916), Strobiligera inaudita (Rolán & Lee, 2008) and Triphora martii Rolán & Fernández-Garcés, 1995. The taxonomy of some species is discussed (mainly on Nanaphora Laseron, 1958), and new generic allocations are proposed: Marshallora abacoensis (Rolán & Redfern, 2008) n. comb., Marshallora armandoi (Espinosa & Ortea, 2020) n. comb., Marshallora grenadensis (Rolán & Lee, 2008) n. comb., Marshallora monteiroi (Rolán & Fernández-Garcés, 2015) n. comb. The individual rarefaction curve of triphorids from MADIBENTHOS is nearly saturated but did not reach the asymptote. Seven species (all with planktotrophic development) were considered abundant or much abundant, whereas eight species (with planktotrophic or non-planktotrophic development) were represented by singletons or doubletons. Brushing and suction were efficient methods to obtain triphorids, and some dredging events recovered up to 13 species (mainly deeper than 50 m). More species were sampled in the Atlantic side of Martinique, but hyper-diverse stations were widespread along the island. The abundance of triphorids and species composition change in Martinique along the depth gradient; Iniforis turristhomae (Holten, 1802) is the most abundant triphorid between 0-30 m, but Cosmotriphora melanura (C.B. Adams, 1850) predominates between 31-85 m.</p
Measuring and explaining disagreement in bird taxonomy
No full textSpecies lists play an important role in biology and practical domains like conservation, legislation, biosecurity and trade regulation. However, their effective use by non-specialist scientific and societal users is sometimes hindered by disagreements between competing lists. While it is well-known that such disagreements exist, it remains unclear how prevalent they are, what their nature is, and what causes them. In this study, we argue that these questions should be investigated using methods based on taxon concept rather than methods based on Linnaean names, and use such a concept-based method to quantify disagreement about bird classification and investigate its relation to research effort. We found that there was disagreement about 38% of all groups of birds recognized as a species, more than three times as much as indicated by previous measures. Disagreement about the delimitation of bird groups was the most common kind of conflict, outnumbering disagreement about nomenclature and disagreement about rank. While high levels of conflict about rank were associated with lower levels of research effort, this was not the case for conflict about the delimitation of bird groups. This suggests that taxonomic disagreement cannot be resolved simply by increasing research effort.</p
Four new species and five new distribution records of the jumping spider genus <I>Stenaelurillus</I> Simon, 1886 (Salticidae: Aelurillines) from India
No full textFour new species of the jumping spider genus Stenaelurillus Simon, 1886 are described from India: Stenaelurillus feral Tripathi, Kuni & Kadam sp. nov. (♂, from the Eastern Coastline), S. naldurg Kuni, Kadam & Tripathi sp. nov. (♂♀, from the Deccan Plateau), S. judithbleisterae Kadam, Tripathi & Kuni sp. nov. (♂♀, from the Western Ghats) and S. solapur Kuni, Tripathi & Kadam sp. nov. (♂♀, from the Deccan Plateau). Detailed diagnoses, descriptions, illustrations, natural history and distribution map are provided. Additionally, new locality records for the other five species within the states are presented and mapped.</p
Taxonomic diversity of marine planktonic ‘y-larvae’ (Crustacea: Facetotecta) from a coral reef hotspot locality (Japan, Okinawa), with a key to y-nauplii
No full textThe enigmatic ‘y-larvae’ (Thecostraca: Facetotecta) are microscopic marine planktonic crustaceans that were discovered more than a century ago, yet to this day their adults remain unknown. Despite occurring locally in large diversities, and therefore presumably being of ecological importance, only 17 species have been described globally, rendering it practically impossible to identify any y-larval specimen from any locality. The fact that species have been based on different life stages (nauplii and/or cyprids) further hampers identification. Y-larvae include many forms with planktotrophic (feeding) nauplii and even more with lecithotrophic (non-feeding) nauplii. At one coral-reef locality on the shore of Sesoko Island (Okinawa, Japan), extensive fieldwork in 2018 and 2019 confirmed an enormous taxonomic diversity of y-larvae there. Here, we present morphological diagnoses and an identification key for 34 lecithotrophic y-naupliar types (or morphospecies), which will correspond minimally to the same number of species when described. As a temporary measure, all are referred to by alphabetical parataxonomic designations, except for three that have been formally described already within the genus Hansenocaris Itô, 1985. To this should be added an additional 7–9 planktotrophic y-naupliar morphospecies, which are only treated briefly. Most often, y-larval taxonomy has been based on the cyprid stage, but the large morphological diversity of y-nauplii suggests that nauplii are at least as important for taxonomy. Lecithotrophic y-nauplii display a multitude of body shapes, the form-evolution of which is discussed here with reference to a recent molecular phylogeny of Facetotecta partly based on material from the same site. An indirect estimate of the relative abundances of all 34 lecithotrophic y-naupliar morphospecies is presented, based on laboratory-reared final-instar specimens. This treatment is intended as a step towards a proper taxonomy and a revised classification of Facetotecta, which will involve detailed descriptions of both nauplii and cyprids. Until such work progresses, the present overview of the y-naupliar fauna of a single Okinawan locality known to be a hotspot of y-larval diversity is offered as a baseline for further surveys of Facetotecta elsewhere in the Indo-West Pacific and beyond.</p
<i>Dasydorylas</i> Skevington, 2001 (Pipunculidae, Tomosvaryellini) of Colombia, with description of three new species and a key to Neotropical males
No full textThe cosmopolitan pipunculid genus Dasydorylas Skevington, 2001 includes just a few species from the Neotropical Region and is completely unknown to Colombia. Three new species of Dasydorylas are described from protected areas and conflict territories of limited access in Colombia, namely Dasydorylas colombiensis sp. nov. (type locality: Santuario de Fauna y Flora Iguaque, Boyacá), D. gibber sp. nov. (type locality: Santuario de Fauna y Flora Iguaque, Boyacá), and D. santainesensis sp. nov. (type locality: Páramo de Santa Inés, Belmira, Antioquia). Diagnoses, illustrations and distributional data of the new species are presented. Dasydorylas nigellus (Rafael, 1991) is recorded for the first time from Colombia and its amended diagnosis is provided. An identification key to males of all Neotropical species is presented. With this paper, the number of Neotropical species of Dasydorylas is increased from six to nine.</p
A mountain of millipedes XI. The trachystreptoform spirostreptids of the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Spirostreptidae)
No full textThe “trachystreptoform” species of Spirostreptidae, i.e., species which would formerly have been ascribed to the tribe Trachystreptini, from the Udzungwa Mountains are (re)described, including one new genus and five new species: Attemsostreptus reflexus Akkari & Enghoff, 2019, A. cataractae Enghoff sp. nov., A. leptoptilos Enghoff sp. nov., A. julostriatus Enghoff sp. nov., Lophostreptus tersus (Cook, 1896) (= L. ptilostreptoides Carl, 1909 syn. nov.), L. magombera Enghoff sp. nov., and Udzungwastreptus marianae Enghoff gen. et sp. nov. The type material of Lophostreptus regularis Attems, 1909 (= L. tersus) is discussed. The discussion includes paragraphs on the classification and the Udzungwa fauna of Spirostreptidae, on grouping of the Udzungwa trachystreptoform species in relation to altitude, and on the possibly recent immigration of A. reflexus and L. tersus into the Udzungwa Mts.</p
Explorer la diversité des bryophytes dans différentes forêts de l’est de l’Amazonie
No full textLa région du Bas Tocantins, qui comprend la municipalité d’Abaetetuba, est située au nord-est de l’état de Pará, en Amazonie orientale, au Brésil. Elle présente un ensemble hétérogène de forêts, parmi lesquelles les forêts de Terra Firme, Várzea et Freshwater Beach se distinguent par leur importance floristique, économique et écologique. Cependant, la flore bryophytique est mal connue dans le Bas Tocantins, avec seulement 51 espèces de mousses signalées pour la région. Cette étude visait à étudier la richesse et la composition des bryophytes dans différents types de forêts d’Abaetetuba, bassin du fleuve Tocantins inférieur, état du Pará, afin de contribuer à la connaissance floristique des bryophytes dans la région. La diversité des espèces a été étudiée et des analyses exploratoires ont été menées pour comprendre les communautés de bryophytes dans les forêts de Terra Firme, Várzea et Freshwater Beach. La flore bryophytique enregistrée à Abaetetuba comprend 103 espèces (36 mousses et 67 hépatiques), y compris des espèces largement réparties dans les trois types forestiers et des espèces limitées principalement aux forêts de Terra Firme. Il y a deux nouveaux signalements, un pour l’Amérique du Sud (Cololejeunea setiloba A.Evans) et un autre pour l’état du Pará (Leptolejeunea radicosa (Mont.) Grolle). La richesse et la composition des espèces des forêts de Terra Firme et de Freshwater Beach sont compatibles avec ce qui a été rapporté dans les études menées dans la basse Amazonie, mais ont donné des résultats divergents par rapport aux études précédentes dans les forêts de Várzea. En ce qui concerne la colonisation des substrats, la complexité de la structure des communautés a augmenté depuis les forêts de Freshwater Beach jusqu’aux forêts de Várzea et Terra Firme, dans cet ordre, avec l’apparition d’espèces terricoles dans les forêts de Várzea et d’espèces colonisant les termitières dans les forêts de Terra Firme. Ces résultats indiquent que les environnements amazoniens, leur biodiversité et le modèle de répartition des espèces peuvent être mieux compris grâce à l’exploration de nouvelles zones.The Lower Tocantins region, which includes the municipality of Abaetetuba, is located in the northeastern of Pará state, in Eastern Amazonia, Brazil, presenting a heterogeneous set of forests, among which Terra Firme, Várzea, and Freshwater Beach forests stand out for their floristic, economic, and ecological significance. However, the bryophyte flora is poorly known in the Lower Tocantins, with only 51 moss species reported for the region. This study aimed to investigate the richness and composition of bryophytes in different types of forests in Abaetetuba, Lower Tocantins River basin, Pará state, to contribute to the floristic knowledge of bryophytes in the region. Species diversity and exploratory analyses were conducted to understand the bryophyte communities in Terra Firme, Várzea, and Freshwater Beach forests. The bryophyte flora recorded in Abaetetuba comprises 103 species (36 mosses and 67 liverworts), including widely distributed species in the three forest types and species restricted mainly to Terra Firme forests. There were two new records, one for South America (Cololejeunea setiloba A.Evans) and another for the state of Pará (Leptolejeunea radicosa (Mont.) Grolle). The richness and composition of species in Terra Firme and Freshwater Beach forests align with what has been reported in studies conducted in the Lower Amazon, but yielded discrepant results from previous studies in Várzea forests. Regarding the colonization of substrates, the complexity of the structure of the communities increased from Freshwater Beach forests to Várzea and Terra Firme forests, in this order, with the appearance of terricolous species in Várzea forests and of species colonizing termite mounds in Terra Firme forests. These findings indicate that Amazonian environments, their biodiversity, and the distribution pattern of species can be better understood through the exploration of new areas.</p
Quelles menaces pèsent sur la faune et la flore de France hexagonale et de Corse ? Un éclairage à partir de la Liste rouge nationale
No full textLa Liste rouge nationale (LRN) est une démarche collaborative d’évaluation du risque d’extinction des espèces sur le territoire français selon la méthodologie de l’Union internationale pour la Conservation de la Nature (UICN). Entre 2008 et 2020, 6700 espèces réparties en 11 chapitres ont été évaluées, et 700 sont considérées comme menacées. Les auteurs ont bancarisé et harmonisé les catégories de menaces identifiées lors des ateliers selon la classification des menaces directes de l’UICN, afin de proposer une analyse des activités et des processus d’origine humaine ayant un impact négatif sur les espèces menacées de France hexagonale et de Corse. La disparition de leurs milieux de vie due à l’urbanisation, au développement industriel, à l’agriculture, à la production d’énergie, aux exploitations minières et aux modifications du système naturel apparaît comme la principale menace qui pèse sur les espèces terrestres. Pour les espèces inféodées au milieu marin, les résultats de la Liste rouge nationale en métropole mettent en évidence les prélèvements comme la principale menace directe ou indirecte. Cet article présente également une carte de la répartition des espèces menacées en France hexagonale et en Corse à partir de 1,7 millions de données d’occurrence de l’INPN. Celle-ci met en évidence l’importance de la région méditerranéenne (en particulier du sud-est), des massifs montagneux et des vallées comme celles de la Loire et du Rhône. Cette carte n’a pas l’ambition d’être exhaustive, notamment en raison de l’hétérogénéité du niveau de connaissance, mais doit contribuer à l’identification de secteurs à fort enjeu de conservation à l’échelle nationale. Enfin, ce travail inclut à titre exploratoire, une analyse des patrons de distribution des espèces impactées par la pollution et l’enfrichement afin de diagnostiquer les zones potentiellement plus sensibles.The French National Red List is a collaborative approach to assess the extinction risk of species on French territories. It is based on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN methodology and uses the best available information, including grey and scientific literature, raw data and expert opinion. The assessment process includes evaluation workshops where assessors and experts validate the results. The National Red List is not just a register of names and associated threat categories. It is also a rich compendium of information on the threats to the species. To better understand these threats, we have harmonised and consolidated them in a database according to a reference classification developed by the Conservation Measures Partnership and the IUCN.This article presents the first analysis of human activities and processes negatively impacting threatened species in metropolitan France. Information on threats has been collected for more than 700 threatened species of flora and fauna assessed between 2008 and 2020. Habitat loss due to urbanisation, industrial development, agriculture, energy production, mining and other ecosystem modifications appears to be the main threat to terrestrial species. For marine species, the main direct or indirect threat is fishing and harvesting aquatic resources. These results were then cross-referenced with 1.7 million occurrence data of the national biodiversity inventory (INPN) between 1980 and 2020 to provide an initial mapping of threatened species in France. This map highlights the areas of high species richness, notably the mountain ranges and the Mediterranean region, in particular the southeast, and also the Loire and the Rhône valleys. It also reflects the gaps in the national inventory, particularly in certain areas in the west and southwest of the country. Finally, we performed an exploratory spatial analysis of two types of threats (pollution and vegetation encroachment) based on the distribution patterns of threatened species. The objective is to help identify areas which are more vulnerable to these threats and at stake in terms of conservation.</p
Redécouverte du charançon aptère subendémique podolien <i>Humeromima rufipes</i> (Boheman, 1834) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae), une espèce relicte de la dernière grande glaciation
No full textUn nouveau placement systématique d’Humeromima rufipes (Boheman, 1834) au sein du complexe générique Omias est présenté comme résultat d’une analyse morphologique exhaustive. Une redescription améliorée prenant en compte les structures fines des terminalia mâles et femelles est proposée. Des synapomorphies dans les structures des terminalia femelles, des genitalia mâles, des pièces buccales et des tarses sont mises en évidence. La réduction de la vestiture irisée et le renforcement des pattes reflètent une profonde transformation morpho-adaptative de H. rufipes vers un mode de vie endogé. L’aire de répartition réduite de H. rufipes suggère qu’il s’agit d’une espèce subendémique du plateau Podolien. La concomitance d’espèces à amphigonie obligatoire avec d’hypothétiques micro-refuges forestiers glaciaires et un « hotspot » de biodiversité de steppes herbeuses, suggère fortement que H. rufipes a un statut de relicte de la dernière grande glaciation.A new systematic placement of Humeromima rufipes (Boheman, 1834) within the Omias generic complex is proposed as a result of a comprehensive morphological analysis. An improved redescription, including fine structures of male and female terminalia, is provided. Synapomorphies are revealed in the structures of female terminalia, male genitalia, mouthparts, and tarsi. The reduction of iridescent vestiture and the robustization of legs reflect a deep morpho-adaptive transformation of H. rufipes towards a geophilic lifestyle. The restricted range of H. rufipes suggests that it may be subendemic to Podolian Upland. Notably, the co-occurrence of obligate amphigonic species with hypothetical glacial forest microrefugia and a biodiversity hotspot of meadow steppes strongly suggests relict status of H. rufipes since the Last Glacial Maximum.</p