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Revision of deep-water species in <i>Granulina</i> (Gastropoda: Granulinidae) from Mauritania and Western Sahara
No full textEmpty shells (thanatocoenoses) have been reviewed of species in the genus Granulina (Gastropoda: Granulinidae) from the lower shelf and upper bathyal zones off Mauritania and Western Sahara. We encountered nine species of which four were already known from off Mauritania. Four new species are proposed herein: Granulina reginae sp. nov., G. ronaldi sp. nov., G. sandrae sp. nov. and G. sigridae sp. nov. These four sympatric new species lack labial denticles and they probably form a phyletic clade with a common ancestor. Most hitherto known species in Granulina from the NE Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean possess labial denticles. One additional new species with denticles was left in open nomenclature because the material available was considered inadequate. Species in Granulina from Mauritania and Western Sahara have not been found off NW Morocco or the Canary Islands, and the species known from NW Morocco and the Canary Islands have not been found off Mauritania and Western Sahara. The southern extents of the distributions of the Mauritanian species are currently uncertain as additional sampling would be required off Senegal or further South. A key to Mauritanian species in Granulina is given.</p
Sixteen issid planthopper species in one day in Dong Son-Ky Thuong Nature Reserve in North Vietnam: Eight new species, one new genus and additional new records (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Issidae)
No full textSixteen species of Issidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) were recorded in a single day of collecting in Dong Son-Ky Thuong Nature Reserve, Quang Ninh Province, Vietnam, of which a checklist is provided. Among them, eight species are new to science and described in different tribes and subtribes: in the Hemisphaeriini Hemisphaeriina: Gergithoides olivaceus sp. nov., Hemisphaerius bresseeli sp. nov. and Neogergithoides scapularis sp. nov.; Hemisphaeriini Mongolianina: Mongoliana vietnamica sp. nov.; Kodaianellini: Kodaianella mua sp. nov.; Parahiraciini Parahiraciina: Pusulissus quangninhensis sp. nov. and Rostrolatum curviceps sp. nov.; Sarimini: Pseudocoruncanius obliquus sp. nov. The new genus Melichergithus gen. nov. is described to accommodate Gergithus gravidus Melichar, 1906 and the new combination Melichergithus gravidus (Melichar, 1906) gen. et comb. nov. is proposed; a black form of the species is recorded for the first time and described. Two species, Longieusarima lunulia Wang, Bourgoin & Zhang, 2017 and Parallelissus fuscus Meng, Qin & Wang, 2020, are recorded from Vietnam for the first time, while another species Maculergithus luteomaculatus (Constant & Pham, 2016) is recorded for the first time from Quang Ninh Province. Four species were represented by single females that could not be identified to species level, belonging to the genera Clypeosmilus Gnezdilov & Soulier-Perkins, 2017, Fortunia Distant, 1909 (two species) and Kodaianellissus Wang, Bourgoin & Zhang, 2017. The five following genera are recorded from Vietnam for the first time: Kodaianella Fennah, 1956, Rostrolatum Che, Zhang & Wang, 2020, Longieusarima Wang, Bourgoin & Zhang, 2017, Parallelissus Meng, Qin & Wang, 2020 and Kodaianellissus. The type material of Hemisphaerius rufovarius Walker, 1858 and its junior synonyms H. scymnoides Walker, 1862, H. testaceus Distant, 1906 and H. virescens Distant, 1906 was studied and the male terminalia described; as a result, H. rufovarius is removed from the fauna of Vietnam and China. Hemisphaerius bipunctatus Melichar, 1906 is also removed from the fauna of Vietnam after examination of the corresponding specimens. This study provides a 25% increase in the number of Issidae of Vietnam; a complete list of the 51 species recorded from the country, as well as a map of the number of recorded species per province, are given and discussed.</p
Titiller, manipuler et observer les animaux chez Abū l-Ḥāmid al-Ġarnāṭī (m. 1169)
No full textLe voyageur arabe Abū l-Ḥāmid al-Ġarnaṭī (1080-1169) a voyagé en Méditerranée, au Proche-Orient et au nord de la mer Noire, dans le courant du XIIe siècle, pour finalement mettre par écrit ses observations sous la forme de deux ouvrages – une cosmographie et un récit – dans lesquels il relate de manières différentes les choses extraordinaires aperçues lors de ses pérégrinations. Parmi celles-ci figure un grand nombre d’animaux peu connus ou au comportement « étrange ». Si le voyageur nomme l’animal selon les informateurs locaux et le décrit morphologiquement selon ses propres observations, il n’hésite pas à le titiller pour le faire réagir et bouger, comme il peut aller jusqu’à le tuer et à l’ouvrir pour en décrire les organes internes. Il lui arrive aussi de toucher la peau, de goûter ou de sentir certaines parties de l’animal afin d’en livrer le goût ou l’odeur. D’autres sont simplement vus et décrits, et quelques-uns ne sont connus que par ouï-dire. Parmi la quarantaine d’animaux identifiables et dignes de sa curiosité expérimentale, la plupart appartiennent au milieu méditerranéen et aquatique plutôt qu’au monde terrestre.The Arab traveller Abū l-Ḥāmid al-Ġarnaṭī (1080-1169) travelled through the Mediterranean, the Near East and the northern Black Sea during the twelfth century, eventually writing down his observations in two books, a cosmography and a narrative, in which he recounts in different ways the extraordinary things he saw. These include a large number of little-known animals or animals with “strange” behaviours. While the traveller names the animal according to local informants and describes it morphologically according to his own observations, he goes as far as to tickle it to make it react and move, or even killing and cutting it open to describe its internal “organs”. He also touches the skin, tastes or smells certain parts of the animal in order to reveal its taste or smell. Others are simply seen and described, and some are known only by hearsay. Most of the forty identifiable animals worthy of his experimental curiosity, belong to the Mediterranean and aquatic realms rather than the land animals.</p
Biosurveillance environnementale par l’abeille mellifère (<i>Apis mellifera</i> Linnaeus, 1758) : évaluation de la contamination des milieux terrestres par les pesticides en Martinique
No full textGrâce à ses particularités physiologique et biologique, l’abeille mellifère (Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758) est un outil de biosurveillance permettant de détecter et de suivre les contaminations environnementales. Par la mise en place d’un réseau de ruches sentinelles le projet APISentinelle avait pour objectif d’évaluer la contamination des milieux terrestres par les pesticides en Martinique. La recherche de pesticides s’est effectuée dans trois milieux au contexte paysager différent (milieu agricole, milieu urbain et milieu naturel). Dans chaque rucher, de la cire, du miel, du pollen et des abeilles butineuses ont été prélevés pendant un an. Des analyses non ciblées (600 molécules) et des analyses spécifiques (glyphosate et chlordécone) ont été réalisées. Au total dix molécules de pesticides ont été détectées et quantifiées. Soixante-seize pour cent des échantillons ont été contaminés par au moins une molécule. Les molécules les plus fréquemment détectées sont le thiabendazole (49 %), le glyphosate (43 %) et la propargite (16 %). La chlordécone n’a été détectée dans aucune des matrices analysées. Le glyphosate est la seule molécule détectée dans le miel et cela dans 100 % des échantillons prélevés en milieu agricole. La comparaison des valeurs quantifiées avec les limites maximales de résidus (LMR) révèle un niveau de dépassement de ces LMR dans le pollen pour le thiabendazole (43 %) et le glyphosate (29 %). Le système de biosurveillance révèle la contamination chronique de l’environnement par le glyphosate et les produits fongicides qui sont fréquemment détectés par les réseaux de suivi de la qualité des eaux.Thanks to its physiological and biological features honeybee (Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758) is known as biomonitor for detecting and monitoring environmental pollution. APISentinelle project aimed to assess pesticide contaminations of terrestrial ecosystems through sentinel apiaries in Martinique. Pesticides were searched in hives placed in three landscape contexts: urban, agricultural and natural environments. Four apicultural matrices (beewax, honey, pollen and foraging bees) were collected following specific protocols. Multiresidue analyses and specific monoresidus (glyphosate and chlordecone) were performed on each matrice for searching of a wide variety of compounds. Residues of 10 compounds were found in samples. In 76 % of samples one of these residues was at least detected. Thiabendazole (49 %), glyphosate (43 %) and propargite (16 %) are the most frequently occurring residues. No residues of chlordecone were detected in samples analyzed. Glyphosate only was found in all honey samples collected in agricultural area. Comparison of the quantified values with the maximum residue limits (MRLs) reveals a high level of exceedance of these MRLs in pollen for thiabendazole (43%) and glyphosate (29 %). Honeybee biomonitoring system used in our studying revealed a chronic environmental contamination by glyphosate and fungicides detected locally by the systems of water quality monitoring.</p
Catalogue illustré des Mygales ornées africaines : les spécimens types du Musée royal de l’Afrique centrale (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Barychelidae)
No full textLes Mygales ornées (Barychelidae Simon, 1889) représentent une famille de mygalomorphes qui comprend 285 espèces réparties dans 39 genres. Les barychélidés sont principalement des araignées tropicales réparties de l’Amérique du Sud à l’Océanie. La faune africaine des Barychelidae est la deuxième plus diversifiée en nombre d’araignées décrites au sein de la famille, avec 41 espèces connues appartenant à neuf genres différents. Suite à plusieurs travaux taxonomiques publiés par Pierre L. G. Benoit au milieu des années 1960, rares sont les révisions taxonomiques des Barychelidae qui ont été proposées depuis pour le continent africain. Afin d’éviter la détérioration et la perte d’informations sur les spécimens types, nous nous sommes efforcés de numériser ces spécimens, qui servent de représentation physiques et de références irrévocables des espèces. Parmi les 174 types de mygalomorphes déposés au Musée royal de l’Afrique centrale (MRAC) en Belgique, les Barychelidae sont représentés par 16 espèces appartenant à cinq genres différents, pour lesquels nous fournissons des illustrations de caractères morphologiques importants. De plus, nous considérons ici les espèces Cyphonisia straba Benoit, 1966, Pisenor selindanus (Benoit, 1966) et Sipalolasma humicola (Benoit, 1965) comme species inquirendae, et S. warnantae Benoit, 1966 comme synonyme senior de S. kissi Benoit, 1966. Ce travail aspire à améliorer la compréhension et l’accessibilité des types porte-noms à travers le catalogage et la numérisation des spécimens types de Barychelidae déposés au MRAC.The brush-footed trapdoor spiders (Barychelidae Simon, 1889) represent a family of mygalomorphs that includes 285 species spread in 39 genera. Barychelids are mainly tropical spiders, distributed from South America to Oceania. The African barychelid fauna is the second most diverse in number of spiders described within the family, with 41 species known from nine different genera. Following several published taxonomic works of Pierre L. G. Benoit in the mid-1960s, few taxonomic revisions of Barychelidae have been proposed since from the African continent. To avoid deterioration and loss of information from the type specimens, we have made efforts to digitise these specimens, which serve as the definitive references and physical representations of the species. Among 174 mygalomorph types deposited at the Royal Museum of Central Africa (RMCA) in Belgium, Barychelidae is represented by 16 species from five different genera. The present paper aims to provide illustrations of important morphological characters. Additionally, we herein considered the species Cyphonisia straba Benoit, 1966, Pisenor selindanus (Benoit, 1966), and Sipalolasma humicola (Benoit, 1965) as species inquirendae, and S. warnantae Benoit, 1966 as senior synonym of S. kissi Benoit, 1966. This work aspires to improve the understanding and accessibility of name-bearing types through the cataloguing and digitisation of type specimens of Barychelidae deposited at the RMCA.</p
Integrative description of two new species of the genus <i>Mesobiotus</i> (Eutardigrada, Macrobiotoidea) from Russia, with an updated phylogeny of the genus
No full textIn this study, we describe two new species of Mesobiotus based on morphological data collected through light and scanning electron microscopy. Descriptions include DNA sequences of four commonly used molecular markers (18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, ITS-2, and COI). Mesobiotus efa sp. nov. was discovered in North-West Russia and belongs to the group of species with smooth cuticle, harmsworthi-type OCA, typical Mesobiotus claws IV with unindented lunules, and egg chorion with reticulated processes in form of ‘sharp wide cones’ or ‘cones with long slender endings’, egg process bases with well-developed crone of dark thickenings without finger-like projections, and egg shell surface between the processes with ridges without reticulation, areolation or semi-areolation. It can be distinguished from all know species of this group by a unique combination of morphological and morphometric characters. Mesobiotus vulpinus sp. nov. was found in the Russian Far East, and is similar to Mesobiotus mauccii by having an egg chorion with polygonal relief. The new species can be distinguished from M. mauccii by having a narrower buccal tube, by details of oral cavity armature, and by longer egg chorion processes. Furthermore, we provide results of the phylogenetic analyses of the genus Mesobiotus conducted in this study.</p
New species of tarantulas from Brazil and notes on the Hapalopini tribe (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Theraphosinae)
No full textIn this study, we describe two new species of Mesobiotus based on morphological data collected through light and scanning electron microscopy. Descriptions include DNA sequences of four commonly used molecular markers (18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, ITS-2, and COI). Mesobiotus efa sp. nov. was discovered in North-West Russia and belongs to the group of species with smooth cuticle, harmsworthi-type OCA, typical Mesobiotus claws IV with unindented lunules, and egg chorion with reticulated processes in form of ‘sharp wide cones’ or ‘cones with long slender endings’, egg process bases with well-developed crone of dark thickenings without finger-like projections, and egg shell surface between the processes with ridges without reticulation, areolation or semi-areolation. It can be distinguished from all know species of this group by a unique combination of morphological and morphometric characters. Mesobiotus vulpinus sp. nov. was found in the Russian Far East, and is similar to Mesobiotus mauccii by having an egg chorion with polygonal relief. The new species can be distinguished from M. mauccii by having a narrower buccal tube, by details of oral cavity armature, and by longer egg chorion processes. Furthermore, we provide results of the phylogenetic analyses of the genus Mesobiotus conducted in this study.</p
New taxa and new records of Winnertziinae and Porricondylinae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from Germany
No full textWinnertziinae and Porricondylinae are two subfamilies of mycophagous Cecidomyiidae (gall midges). An earlier census in 2021 found the German fauna of both groups to comprise 53 species and 28 genera – only a small proportion of the nearly 400 species and 75 genera known from all of Europe. A 24-month inventory in 2021‒2023, whose most significant taxonomic and faunistic outcomes are presented here, yielded evidence of an additional 142 species and 24 genera present in Germany, more precisely 41 species and three genera of Winnertziinae, and 101 species and 21 genera of Porricondylinae. Included in these numbers are 30 new species (six Winnertziinae, 24 Porricondylinae) and one new genus (of Porricondylinae) described and named here. The number of potentially new species discovered during the project is considerably larger (85+), but the too poor condition of the specimens and various other circumstances do not permit their taxonomic description at this stage. New taxa named in the present paper are Johnsonomyia szadziewskii sp. nov., Rhipidoxylomyia bilobata sp. nov., Winnertzia haushoferorum sp. nov., Winnertzia incrassata sp. nov., Winnertzia macrodens sp. nov., Winnertzia subdentata sp. nov., all Winnertziinae, Asynapta doczkali sp. nov., Asynapta falcata sp. nov., Bryocrypta longissima sp. nov., Camptomyia serrata sp. nov., Cassidoides rainensis sp. nov., Cassidoides riparius sp. nov., Claspettomyia gracilostylus sp. nov., Claspettomyia parvidentata sp. nov., Divellepidosis bavarica sp. nov., Lamellepidosis luderbuschensis sp. nov., Neurepidosis hartschimmelhofensis sp. nov., Neurepidosis simplex sp. nov., Parepidosis lobata sp. nov., Porricondyla acutistylata sp. nov., Porricondyla insolita sp. nov., Porricondyla oblonga sp. nov., Porricondyla ornata sp. nov., Porricondyla pilosoides sp. nov., Porricondyla plana sp. nov., Porricondyla pumila sp. nov., Schistoneurus paraimpressus sp. nov., Schistoneurus subimpressus sp. nov., Spungisomyia germanica sp. nov., Wohllebenia gen. nov., and Wohllebenia hybrida gen. et sp. nov., all Porricondylinae. Taxonomic descriptions are based on both the morphology of males and, if available, CO1 (DNA barcode) sequences, using specimens collected by Malaise traps in Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg, the two southernmost federal states of Germany. Released here are 150 BINs new to BOLD as well as 145 species names for previously unidentified BINs in BOLD. Redescriptions of male morphology are provided for Camptomyia heterobia Mamaev, 1961, Claspettomyia carpatica Mamaev, 1998, Dicerura scirpicola Kieffer, 1898, and Winnertzia betulicola Mamaev, 1963. The state of knowledge of Germany’s fauna of mycophagous gall midges is discussed.</p
On the identity of the Afrotropical species of <i>Mallota</i> Meigen (Diptera: Syrphidae)
No full textThe Afrotropical hoverflies belonging to the genus Mallota Meigen, 1822 (Diptera: Syrphidae) are revised. Ten species are recognized, of which four are new to science: Mallota glabra sp. nov., M. hircus sp. nov., M. wyatti sp. nov. and M. stipulata sp. nov. Merodon edentulus Macquart, 1855 is considered a junior synonym of Eristalis dasyops Wiedemann, 1819. Lectotypes are designated for Eristalis dasyops, Merodon edentulus, Mallota pachymera Bezzi, 1915 and Helophilus extremus Loew, 1858. The taxonomic history of the placement and identity of the different species of Mallota is presented. Their relationships, as well as affiliations with Afrotropical representatives of the genera Eristalis Latreille, 1804 and Myathropa Rondani, 1845, is briefly discussed based on morphological and DNA barcode data.</p
Reclassification des lichens de la famille Gomphillaceae Walt. Watson ex Hafellner (Ascomycota : Graphidales) à l’aide du regroupement phylogénétique basé sur la morphologie
No full textLes résultats de l’analyse phylogénétique ne sont souvent pas traduits en classifications formelles, car seule une partie des taxons a été séquencée, ce qui rend le placement des taxons restants peu clair. C’est le cas pour les Gomphillaceae Walt. Watson ex Hafellner, qui comprennent actuellement 422 espèces lichénisées et 18 espèces lichénicoles ou fongicoles acceptées, avec seulement 27% ayant des données de séquence disponibles. Une mise à jour de la phylogénie chez cette famille a permis la reconnaissance d’au moins 19 lignées supplémentaires ou nouvelles au niveau du genre, en plus des 27 genres connus jusqu’à présent, ce qui a rendu nécessaire de réévaluer le placement générique de nombreuses espèces non séquencées et de tester la stabilité des nouvelles lignées résultantes. Dans la présente étude, nous avons donc appliqué l’approche de regroupement phylogénétique à cette famille. Nous avons sélectionné un sous-ensemble de 310 espèces, en laissant de côté la plupart des espèces de Gyalidea Lettau ex Vězda et une partie de Gyalideopsis Vězda et Gyalectidium Müll. Arg., soit parce que le cadre phylogénétique n’était pas encore bien établi pour ces genres (Gyalidea, Gyalideopsis), soit parce que le genre était par ailleurs bien défini et monophylétique (Gyalectidium). Sur les 310 espèces sélectionnées, 72 disposaient de données de séquence et servaient de taxons de référence. L’analyse de regroupement sur les 238 taxons restants et pour lesquels aucune donnée moléculaire n’était disponible a placé 157 taxons (66 %) avec un support absolu (100 %) dans un seul nœud de l’arbre de référence. Trente-cinq autres taxons sont apparus sur deux nœuds alternatifs ou plus, mais avaient au moins 90 % de support pour un nœud ; 24 autres taxons avaient entre 70 % et 89 % de support pour un nœud donné. Ainsi, 216 taxons sur 238 (91 %) avaient un support pour un nœud donné. Cependant, pour 35 d’entre eux, le placement des nœuds se trouvait dans une partie non résolue de l’arbre, indiquant des genres potentiellement non reconnus, comprenant principalement des espèces non foliicoles de Gyalideopsis et des taxons apparentés pour lesquels aucune séquence ne se trouvait dans l’arbre de référence. Trois autres espèces de Gyalideopsis ont été placées avec l’exogroupe. La plupart des taxons restants pouvaient être placés dans un genre donné en toute confiance, y compris les 19 genres nouvellement reconnus, et la plupart des placements obtenus par regroupement phylogénétique étaient cohérents avec les placements prévus, y compris des études antérieures. Pour une petite partie des taxons seulement (environ 10 %), les résultats du regroupement étaient en conflit avec leur placement actuel ou prédit précédemment.Results of phylogenetic analyses are often not translated into formal classifications, because only a portion of the taxa have been sequenced, making the placement of the remaining taxa unclear. This is the case for Gomphillaceae Walt. Watson ex Hafellner, which currently includes 422 accepted lichenized and 18 lichenicolous or fungicolous species, with only 27% having sequence data available. A separate, expanded phylogeny of the family recognized at least 19 further genus-level lineages, in addition to the 27 genera thus far distinguished, for a total of 46, making it necessary to reassess generic placement of a large number of non-sequenced species and to test the stability of the newly proposed classification. In the present study we applied the phenotype-based phylogenetic binning approach to address this problem. We selected 310 taxa, leaving out most species of Gyalidea Lettau ex Vězda and part of Gyalideopsis Vězda and Gyalectidium Müll. Arg., because the phylogenetic framework was either not yet well established (Gyalidea, Gyalideopsis) or the genus was well-defined phenotypically (Gyalectidium). Of the 310 selected species, 72 had sequence data available and served as reference taxa. The binning analysis for the 238 remaining taxa for which no molecular data were available placed 157 taxa (66%) with absolute support (100%) into a single node in the reference tree. Further 35 taxa appeared on two or more alternative nodes but had at least 90% support for one of these nodes. Another 24 taxa had between 70% and 89% support for a given node, resulting in a total of 216 out of 238 taxa (91%) with a supported placement in the tree. Of these, 181 were placed within one of the 46 genus-level lineages, whereas 35 clustered with unnamed nodes, indicating further, potentially unrecognized genera. These mostly included non-foliicolous species of Gyalideopsis and relatives for which no sequenced taxa were in the molecular reference tree. Three further species of Gyalideopsis were placed with the outgroup. Most of the placements obtained through phylogenetic binning were consistent with anticipated placements from earlier studies. Only for a small portion of the taxa (about 10%), the binning results were in conflict with their current or previously predicted placement.</p