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Étude des dynamiques végétales des hydrosystèmes du Haut-Rhône au cours des quarante dernières années par analyse comparative de cartographies de végétation
No full textPar une analyse comparative de cartographies de végétation, anciennes et récentes, l’étude vise à mettre en évidence les évolutions des dynamiques végétales au cours des quarante dernières années au niveau de trois différents sites alluviaux du Haut-Rhône. Deux principaux facteurs d’évolution sont pris en compte : les conséquences des travaux de régulation des cours d’eau liés aux aménagements hydroélectriques, et l’expansion des espèces exotiques envahissantes (EEE). Un travail préalable d’harmonisation des nomenclatures utilisées a été nécessaire, il nous a conduit à regrouper les habitats observés en grands groupements végétaux : bois durs (BD) et bois tendres (BT) pour les formations ligneuses ; herbacées hygrophiles (HHY), herbacées mésophyles (HME) et steppes et pelouses sèches (SPS) pour les milieux ouverts. Une diminution globale des conditions d’humidité liée à la régulation des flux est observée au travers d’une plus faible importance de la bande active, d’une diminution des groupements à HHY dans deux des trois sites étudiés, d’une régression des formations à BT au profit principalement des formations à BD et d’une augmentation des surfaces des SPS dans les deux sites où elles étaient présentes initialement. L’analyse des EEE est plus délicate dans la mesure où les nomenclatures ne prennent pas en compte ces espèces de façon homogène entre deux dates. Il ressort cependant que des espaces envahis par des EEE étaient clairement relevés dans les cartographies anciennes, que la liste des principales EEE n’a pas réellement évolué depuis et que les massifs à EEE se sont établis principalement au niveau d’anciennes formations à BT.Through a comparative analysis of old and recent vegetation mappings, the study aims to highlight changes of vegetation dynamics over the last forty years at three different alluvial sites in the Upper Rhône. Two main factors are being taken into account: the consequences of the river regulation linked to hydroelectric works, and the expansion of invasive exotic species (IAS). Prior work was required to harmonise the nomenclatures used, which led us to group the habitats observed into major plant groupings: Hardwoods (HW) and Softwoods (SW) for woody stands; Hygrophilous Herbaceous (HYH), Mesophilous Herbaceous (MH) and Steppes and Dry Grasslands (SDG) for open stands. The results show an overall decrease in moisture conditions linked to flow regulation through a smaller active band, a reduction in HYH formations in two of the three studied sites, a decline in SW formations mainly in favour of HW formations and an increase of surface area of the SDGs in the two sites where they were initially present. The analysis of IAS is more delicate insofar as the nomenclatures do not take these species into account in a homogeneous manner between two dates. However, it can be seen that areas invaded by IAS were clearly identified in the old maps; the list of the main IAS has not really changed since then; and IAS clumps have mainly been established in former SW stands.</p
Position taxonomique de <i>Hemiperis micrantha</i> (Frapp. ex Cordem.) Schltr. (Orchidaceae; Orchidoideae; Habenariinae), par séquençage des gènes ITS et matK
No full textDans les derniers ouvrages traitant de la flore des Orchidées de La Réunion, l’espèce Hemiperis micrantha (Frapp. ex Cordem.) Schltr., créée par Frappier dans Cordemoy en 1895, a suscité de nombreuses incertitudes quant à sa position taxonomique. Sur la base d’observations morphologiques et d’analyses phylogénétiques, nous proposons d’intégrer cette espèce au sein du genre Cynorkis Thouars.In the latest works dealing with the orchid flora of Reunion Island, the species Hemiperis micrantha (Frapp. ex Cordem.) Schltr., created by Frappier in Cordemoy in 1895, has given rise to numerous uncertainties as to its taxonomic position. On the basis of morphological observations and phylogenetic analyses, we propose to integrate this species within the genus Cynorkis Thouars.</p
Revision of the strongly flattened <i>Megaprosternum</i> Azevedo (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae)
No full textFour novel species of subgenus Russula crown clade collected from northwestern China are described based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence. Morphologically, R. griseorosea Y.Song sp. nov. (subsection Puellarinae) is characterized by its brown pileus with a grayish pink tint, basidiospores with warts often connected by fine lines, orthochromatic pileipellis with long terminal cells and septate pileocystidia; Y.Song sp. nov. (subsection Olivaceinae) is diagnosed by its large basidia, hymenial cystidia and basidiospores, and spore ornamentations with unequal crests and often twinned warts, which give the spore distinctive appearance; R. minirosea Y.Song sp. nov. (subsection Laricinae) has very small basidiocarp with pileus less than 3.3 cm in diameter, basidiospores with fine reticulum, small basidia, and septate pileocystidia; R. purpureomarginalis F.Li & Y.Song sp. nov. (subsection Xerampelinae) has large basidiospores with often isolated ornamentations, slim basidia and often septate flexuous pileocystidia. Differences between the four novel species and their closely related taxa were analyzed. Phylogenetic analyses based on both ITS and multi-locus (LSU, rpb2 and tef1) were carried out to confirm the distinct taxonomic status of the four novel species.</p
The beginning of a success story: basalmost members of the extant ophiuroid clade from the Silurian of Gotland, Sweden
No full textDue to the fragility of the ophiuroid (brittle star) skeleton, the bulk of the group’s fossil record consists of dissociated ossicles preserved as microfossils. In spite of their great potential as basis for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies, however, ophiuroid ossicles from the Paleozoic have received very little attention so far. Here, we provide an exhaustive taxonomic assessment of such fossils retrieved from sieving residues from the Silurian of Gotland, Sweden. This material was used in a previous study to describe two key taxa that allowed constraining the origin of the extant ophiuroid clade. The remaining taxa belonging to that same lineage are described in the present paper. The evidence at hand suggests that the stem of the extant ophiuroid clade was formed by two genera, Ophiopetagno and Ophiolofsson gen. nov., including six and five species, respectively, and spanning at least the upper Llandovery through upper Ludlow. We conclude that Ophiopetagno and Ophiolofsson represent sister genera that coexisted through most of the Silurian in the shallow tropical seas of Gotland. They underwent repeated body size reductions in correlation with environmental perturbations, with Ophiopetagno paicei eventually giving rise to Muldaster haakei; the first member of the living Ophiuroidea. Herein, we also introduce two new clades, Ankhurida clade nov. and Ophiovalida clade nov., and the following eight new species: Ophiolofsson joelmciveri gen. et sp. nov., O. obituary gen. et sp. nov., O. immolation gen. et sp. nov., O. archspire gen. et sp. nov., O. hendersonorum gen. et sp. nov., Ophiopetagno bonzo sp. nov., O. kansas sp. nov., O. doro sp. nov.; and two probably new species in open nomenclature: Ophiopetagno sp. 1, and Ophiopetagno sp. 2.</p
Un opilion des hauts plateaux africains : nouveau genre et nouvelle espèce de Filopalpinae Martens, 2022 (Opiliones, Assamiidae) du cratère de Wonchi, province d’Oromia, Éthiopie
No full textLa famille des Assamiidae Sørensen, 1884, au sein du sous-ordre des Laniatores Thorell, 1876, des Opilions, reste peu étudiée, des difficultés subsistant liées à une systématique basée sur la typologie et à un échantillonnage limité, en particulier en Afrique subsaharienne. La récente découverte des Filopalpinae Martens, 2022, une nouvelle sous-famille, a mis en évidence la richesse sous-explorée de l’Éthiopie. Dans cette étude, nous décrivons un nouveau genre et une nouvelle espèce, Assamhoplites martensis n. gen., n. sp., du nord-ouest des landes d’altitude éthiopiennes, ajoutant ainsi une pièce cruciale à la compréhension de la diversité des opilions de la région. Nos résultats révèlent la distribution unique des Filopalpinae dans l’écorégion des hauts plateaux éthiopiens, un point chaud de la biodiversité. Les hautes altitudes, l’humidité et le climat tempéré de cette région en font un refuge idéal pour les opilions. Cette découverte incite à approfondir les recherches pour déterminer si les Filopalpinae représentent des reliques d’altitude ou une lignée plus largement répandue. Le dimorphisme sexuel dans la morphologie du pédipalpe, observé non seulement chez Assamhoplites martensis n. gen., n. sp. mais aussi chez des espèces apparentées, soulève des questions intrigantes sur la signification évolutive de ces modifications extrêmes. L’étude souligne l’importance de prendre en compte à la fois les facteurs morphologiques et biogéographiques dans les classifications taxonomiques, illustrée par la création du genre monotypique Assamhoplites n. gen. sur la base de différences dans la morphologie des pédipalpes et dans la distribution. Les hauts plateaux du nord-ouest de l’Éthiopie, séparés par la vallée du Grand Rift, constituent possiblement une barrière biogéographique susceptible d’influencer la diversification de ces opilions. Cette étude offre apporte des informations sur les processus évolutifs complexes qui façonnent la diversité unique de la faune des hauts plateaux éthiopiens.The family Assamiidae Sørensen, 1884, within the suborder Laniatores Thorell, 1876, of Opiliones remains poorly studied, with challenges arising from typology-based systematics and limited sampling, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. The recent discovery of Filopalpinae Martens, 2022, a new subfamily, highlighted the underexplored richness in Ethiopia. In this study, we describe a new genus and species, Assamhoplites martensis n. gen., n. sp., from the northwestern Ethiopian Highlands, adding a crucial piece to the understanding of the diversity of harvestmen in the region. Our findings reveal the unique distribution of Filopalpinae within the Ethiopian Montane Moorlands ecoregion, a biodiversity hotspot. This area high altitudes, humidity, and temperate climate make it an ideal refuge for harvestmen. This discovery prompts further exploration to determine if Filopalpinae represents altitude relicts or a widespread lineage. The sexual dimorphism in pedipalp morphology, observed not only in Assamhoplites martensis n. gen., n. sp. but also in related species, raises intriguing questions about the evolutionary significance of such extreme modifications. The study underscores the importance of considering both morphological and biogeographical factors in taxonomic classifications, illustrated by the creation of the monotypic genus Assamhoplites n. gen. based on differences in pedipalp morphology and distribution. The northwestern Ethiopian Highlands, separated by the Great Rift Valley, act as a possible biogeographical barrier influencing the diversification of these harvestmen. This study provides insights into the intricate evolutionary processes shaping the unique diversity of the fauna of the Ethiopian highlands.</p
Understanding the color variability and resolving taxonomic confusion in the sea cucumber <i>Isostichopus badionotus</i> (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea): a revision of the genus <i>Isostichopus</i>
No full textIsostichopus badionotus (Selenka, 1867) is distributed in the Atlantic Ocean. It has been recognized as a species with highly variable intraspecific coloration. To clarify taxonomic confusion and show the characters for correct identification of this valuable species, mitochondrial DNA (16S and COI), color patterns, external and internal morphology, ossicles, and habitat were examined in specimens from museum collections and from original sampling. As part of the revision, I. fuscus (Ludwig, 1875) from the Eastern Pacific Ocean and I. macroparentheses (Clark, 1922) from the Caribbean Sea, the only other two species currently recognized in the genus Isostichopus, were included. It was concluded that I. fuscus and I. macroparentheses are distinct and valid species, and that I. badionotus consists of two species: I. badionotus and I. maculatus (Greeff, 1882), previously synonymized as I. baqdionotus by Clark (1922). Isostichopus maculatus includes two subspecies, the nominal I. maculatus maculatus (Greeff, 1882) and I. maculatus phoenius (Clark, 1922), described as Stichopus badionotus var. phoenius Clark, 1922. Isostichopus maculatus maculatus, distributed in the East Atlantic, is very similar to I. maculatus phoenius, but differs in DNA characters, color pattern, and the size and shape of the tables in the dorsal papillae. Isostichopus maculatus phoenius, widely distributed in the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico, is sympatric with I. badionotus, has similar ossicles but is clearly distinguished by its DNA sequences, color patterns, and habitat preferences. For the first time, ossicles from internal organs are described for Isostichopus, enhancing original species descriptions. Distribution maps, habitat, biology, conservation status, and a taxonomic key for distinguishing these species to aid their fishery management and aquaculture are presented.</p
La phylogénie moléculaire et la morphologie révèlent une nouvelle espèce du genre <i>Rhodocybe sensu stricto </i>Maire (Entolomataceae ; Agaricales) du Pakistan
No full textCette étude décrit une nouvelle espèce du genre Rhodocybe (Fr.) Maire, R. pakistanica sp. nov., du Pakistan. Cette nouvelle espèce se reconnaît morphologiquement à son pileus convexe à hémisphérique ou applati à planoconvexe et déprimé au centre, qui est brun rougeâtre terne au centre et orange pâle terne sur les bords avec des taches brillantes, des lamelles jaune clair à orange ou clair à gris, un stipe rougeâtre terne à pâle ou gris rougeâtre clair à rouge grisâtre ayant une surface fibrillaire blanchâtre et des fils mycéliens basaux. Au microscope, elle se reconnaît à ses basidiospores ovoïdes ou oblongues et cyanophiles, à ses chéilo- et pleurocystides lancéolées, subulées ou ventricosées à contenu réfringent ocre doré ou jaunâtre pâle, et à la présence d’hyphes gloéopléreuses dans le trama lamellaire et pileux à contenu réfringent doré. Les données macro et microscopiques et l’analyse phylogénétique moléculaire basée sur deux régions de l’ADNrn comprenant les espaceurs transcrits internes (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 = ITS) et le domaine D1/D2 de la grande sous-unité (28S) indiquent que le présent taxon est une nouvelle espèce.This study describes a new species of genus Rhodocybe (Fr.) Maire, R. pakistanica sp. nov., from Pakistan. The novel species can be recognized morphologically by convex to hemispherical or applanate to planoconvex and centrally depressed pileus which is dull reddish brown at the center and dull orange pale at margins having bright patches, light yellow to orange or light to gray lamellae, dull to pale reddish or light reddish gray to grayish red stipe having whitish fibrillose surface and basal mycelial threads. Microscopically, it is recognized by ovoid or oblong and cyanophilic basidiospores, lanceolate, subulate or ventricose-rostrate cheilo- and pleurocystidia with golden ochre or pale yellowish refringent contents, and the presence of gloeoplerous hyphae in lamellar and pileal trama having golden refractive contents. Macro and microscopic data and molecular phylogenetic analysis based on two nrDNA regions including internal transcribed spacers (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 = ITS) and D1/D2 domain of large subunit (28S) indicate that the present taxon is a new species.</p
A photographic type catalogue of Platygastroidea (Insecta, Hymenoptera) in the Natural History Museum Vienna
No full textAs insect decline threatens the fauna of Central Europe, “dark taxa” present an obstacle to understanding biodiversity loss. The superfamily Platygastroidea is a dark taxon, with many superficial descriptions requiring examination of type material to characterize and revise species and genera. The Natural History Museum Vienna (Naturhistorisches Museum Wien) is arguably the most important historical collection of Platygastroidea in Central Europe. Type specimens from 85 species in 21 genera and three families are here catalogued and photographically illustrated, including previously undocumented types described by Förster, Kieffer, Nees von Esenbeck, and Ratzeburg. Lectotypes are designated for Anteris bicolor Kieffer, Anteris simulans Kieffer, Hadronotus laticeps Kieffer, Leptacis foersteri Kieffer, Plastogryon investis Kieffer, Plastogryon sagax Kieffer, Prophanurus mayri Kieffer, and Telenomus laeviceps Förster. Trissolcus schimitsheki (Szelényi) syn. nov. is treated as a junior synonym of Trissolcus scutellaris (Thomson) and Telenomus nomas Förster syn. nov. is treated as a junior synonym of Trissolcus semistriatus (Nees). Baeus maculatus (Förster) comb. nov. is transferred from Telenomus. Historical, taxonomic, and curatorial remarks are included, providing an essential foundation for revisionary work on the Platygastroidea of Central Europe and beyond.</p
Deux espèces nouvelles du genre <i>Empis</i> Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera, Empididae, Empidinae) provenant de réserves naturelles françaises
No full textDeux espèces nouvelles appartenant au genre Empis Linnaeus, 1758 et collectées en France sont décrites et illustrées : Empis (Empis) cartusiana n. sp. et Empis (Xanthempis) montsegurensis n. sp. ont été trouvées respectivement dans les Alpes (réserve naturelle nationale des Hauts de Chartreuse) et les Pyrénées (réserve naturelle régionale du massif de Saint-Barthélémy).Two new species belonging to the genus Empis Linnaeus, 1758 and collected in France are described and illustrated: Empis (Empis) cartusiana n. sp. and Empis (Xanthempis) montsegurensis n. sp., found in the Alps in a national nature reserve (Hauts de Chartreuse) and the Pyrenees in a regional nature reserve (massif de Saint-Barthélémy), respectively.</p
Four new species of the planthopper genus <i>Catonidia</i> Uhler, 1896 from China (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Achilidae)
No full textFour new species of the genus Catonidia Uhler, 1896, C. triangula sp. nov., C. saccata sp. nov., C. trilobata sp. nov. and C. uncinata sp. nov. from China (Fujian, Guizhou, Yunnan and Hainan provinces), are described and illustrated, giving the genus 14 species in total. A checklist and key to all known species of Catonidia are provided, as well as a map of their geographic distributions.</p