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First report of little-known cylapine genera <i>Mimofulvius</i> Schmitz and <i>Rhinophrus</i> Hsiao (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) from Thailand, with description of a new species
No full textTwo little-known genera, Mimofulvius Schmitz, 1978 and Rhinophrus Hsiao, 1944, are reported from Thailand for the first time. A new species of Mimofulvius, M. castaneus sp. nov., is described, and the male of the type species of the genus, M. pentatomus Schmitz, 1978, is documented for the first time. A key to species of Mimofulvius is given. Habitus images of the adult of all treated species and illustrations of the male genitalic structures of M. castaneus and M. pentatomus are also provided. The female genitalia of Rhinophrus borneensis Hsiao, 1944 are documented for the first time. Scanning electron micrographs of selected structures of M. castaneus, M. pentatomus, and Rhinophrus borneensis are provided. The systematic position is also discussed for Mimofulvius and Rhinophrus.</p
La première punaise velue (Hemiptera, Blissidae) : un nouveau genre de l’ambre crétacé moyen du Kachin
No full textLe plus ancien fossile connu de la famille Blissidae Stål, 1862 est décrit et illustré à partir d’un mâle macroptère préservé dans l’ambre de Kachin du Crétacé moyen, dans le nord du Myanmar. Prosthoblissus primigenius n. gen., n. sp. est remarquable pour sa potentielle rétention de plésiomorphies, avec des cavités procoxales ouvertes, un état de caractère partagé avec un ensemble de genres actuels dont la divergence précoce est discutable. Il se distingue de ces genres par une combinaison unique d’états de caractères plésiomorphes et apomorphes, ainsi que d’Eoblissus gallicus Garrouste, Schubnel & Nel, 2019, le plus ancien fossile de la famille. Cette occurrence étend l’âge de la famille du début de l’Éocène au milieu du Crétacé, révisant considérablement les points de calibration fossiles utilisables pour le groupe-couronne des Blissidae.The earliest known fossil of the chinch bug family Blissidae Stål, 1862 is described and figured from a macropterous male preserved in mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber of northern Myanmar. Prosthoblissus primigenius n. gen., n. sp. is noteworthy for the putatively plesiomorphic retention of open procoxal cavities, a character state shared with a swath of arguable early-diverging extant genera. It is distinguished from those genera based on a unique combination of plesiomorphic and apomorphic character states, as well as from Eoblissus gallicus Garrouste, Schubnel & Nel, 2019, the prior earliest fossil of the family. This occurrence extends the age of the family from the early Eocene to the middle Cretaceous, greatly revising available calibration points for crown-group Blissidae.</p
Review of <I>Pterotiltus</i> Karsch, 1893 (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Oxyinae)
No full textThe genus Pterotiltus Karsch, 1893 is reviewed. There are 15 species previously described, of which only 8 are known from both sexes. The genus is confined to the Congo Basin and coastal West Africa, extending from Ghana to Uganda. The following taxonomic changes are recorded. The unique male holotype of P. finoti Dominique, 1900 has been lost. Pterotiltus apicalis Bolívar, 1905 is here restricted to the unique female holotype; all other specimens previously allotted to this taxon in the literature have been redetermined and are here transferred elsewhere. Pterotiltus apicalis rubroantennatus Ramme, 1929 is here restricted to its holotype male (designated P. rubroantennatus Ramme, 1929 stat. nov.), and the remaining members of the original type series are transferred elsewhere. Pterotiltus inuncatus var. nigroantennata Bolívar, 1908 was erroneously synonomized with P. apicalis by Ramme; we restore it from synonomy, as P. nigroantennatus Bolívar, 1908 nom. rev. et stat. nov. We designate lectotypes from the syntypes of P. impennis (Karsch, 1891), P. inuncatus (Karsch, 1892) and P. miniatulus Karsch, 1893. We describe three new species (P. erythrocerus sp. nov. and P. sobrius sp. nov. from Cameroon, and P. biafrensis sp. nov. from the mainland area (Rio Muni) of Equatorial Guinea), and also the previously unknown female of P. coeruleocephalus Bolívar, 1905 (Cameroon and E Nigeria). We distinguish northern and southern races of P. inuncatus Karsch, 1892 (Cameroon and E Nigeria), differing in colouration but sharing a unique phallic anatomy. We report the existence of four more undescribed species in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Cameroon and Togo plus W Nigeria, but lack adequate material for their description. Finally, we give a key to the known species. The development of the male furcula varies within each species, and is not a valid specific character. Many species of the genus are known from very few specimens, often only the type series or even from unique holotypes. There is an urgent need for more collection, especially in view of the ongoing rapid destuction of their habitat. </p
Taxonomic reanalysis of the genus <i>Richtersius</i> (Tardigrada; Eutardigrada), with description of two new species from Italy and Sweden
No full textThe tardigrade genus Richtersius Pilato & Binda, 1989 has been considered monotypic for more than 30 years since its establishment and is frequently used in experimental studies on physiological adaptations to stress. Only recently, integrative taxonomy has allowed us to disentangle and describe different but similar species. In this study, we provide a taxonomic reanalysis of the genus Richtersius with an integrative description of two new species based on light and scanning electron microscopy as well as DNA sequencing of four markers (18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, ITS-2, and COI). Richtersius nicolai sp. nov. and Richtersius ingemari sp. nov. are distinguished from congeneric species based on a combination of pore density in newborn’s dorsal cuticle, egg diameters, placoid sizes and reproductive modes. This reanalysis of the genus Richtersius will facilitate the future descriptions of new species and provides a solid taxonomic background for the identification of the species used in experimental research.</p
Late Permian nautiloids from Baghuk Mountain (Central Iran)
No full textThe Wuchiapingian to Changhsingian (Late Permian) Hambast Formation of sections at Baghuk Mountain and Shahreza (Central Iran) has yielded diverse nautiloid assemblages from the early Wuchiapingian Araxoceras beds (nine species), the early Wuchiapingian Prototoceras beds (one species), the late Wuchiapingian Vedioceras beds (twelve species) and the late Changhsingian Paratirolites beds (two species). These species belong to 14 genera, six of which are new: Lutonautilus gen. nov., Epitainoceras gen. nov., Ocunautilus gen. nov. in Ocunautilidae fam. nov., Aifinautilus gen. nov., Baghuknautilus gen. nov. and Shahrezanautilus gen. nov. A total of 24 species are described, all of which are new: Serometacoceras pentagonum sp. nov., Lutonautilus cratus gen. et sp. nov., Lutonautilus elachus gen. et sp. nov., Lutonautilus cymus gen. et sp. nov., Tainoceras hystatum sp. nov., Epitainoceras lutense gen. et sp. nov., Foordiceras eicosacanthum sp. nov., Foordiceras decacanthum sp. nov., Foordiceras ascetum sp. nov., Tardunautilus aperimos sp. nov., Domatoceras myloide sp. nov., Domatoceras canonium sp. nov., Domatoceras ocomphalum sp. nov., Ocunautilus diplodocus gen. et sp. nov., Ocunautilus coelodesmus gen. et sp. nov., Ocunautilus tachytrephus gen. et sp. nov., Aifinautilus icanus gen. et sp. nov., Azarinautilus phorminx sp. nov., Liroceras leptum sp. nov., Paraliroceras macrogaster sp. nov., Permonautilus adelphidus sp. nov., Baghuknautilus aplomorphus gen. et sp. nov., Shahrezanautilus weyeri gen. et sp. nov. and Shahrezanautilus ghaderii gen. et sp. nov. This nautiloid assemblage is remarkable for its high endemism. Although many genera known from the Transcaucasian region are represented, there is no correspondence at the species level.</p
Les premiers rapports sur la biodiversité brésilienne : une mise à jour des connaissances sur le dauphin de rivière décrit et représenté dans le manuscrit du XVII<sup>e</sup> siècle <i>Histoire des animaux et arbres du Maranhão</i>
No full textAux XVIe et XVIIe siècles, les rapports sur la biodiversité brésilienne provenaient principalement de chroniqueurs, d’explorateurs militaires et de missionnaires religieux de diverses nationalités. Certains rapports comprenaient des dessins représentant la faune et la flore locales. Le manuscrit du XVIIe siècle Histoire des animaux et des arbres du Maranhão, publié sous la direction de frère Cristóvão de Lisboa, présente pour la première fois l’association de cette description avec la représentation d’un dauphin de rivière au Brésil. Des articles antérieurs l’associaient à Inia geoffrensis (Blainville, 1817), actuellement réparti dans le bassin amazonien. Au début de ce siècle, une nouvelle espèce, Inia araguaiaensis Hrbek, Da Silva, Dutra, Gravena, Martin & Farias, 2014, a été décrite dans le bassin d’Araguaia-Tocantins et la baie de Marajó. De ce fait, un doute subsiste quant à l’espèce apparentée au manuscrit. L’objectif était d’identifier le dauphin de rivière décrit et représenté dans le manuscrit, et de relier ce dernier et son identification au contexte de la production des premiers rapports sur la biodiversité brésilienne aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles. L’analyse des données biologiques, géographiques et historiques nous a permis d’identifier le dauphin de rivière du manuscrit comme étant Inia araguaiaensis. Nous considérons que le manuscrit Histoire des animaux et des arbres du Maranhão était en avance sur son temps au Brésil car il contenait, outre les descriptions textuelles des espèces, 259 dessins représentant la biodiversité locale, dont près de la moitié (116) se référaient à la faune aquatique. Ce grand nombre de dessins témoigne de l’importance accordée par les auteurs potentiels du manuscrit à la production d’images représentant cette biodiversité, conformément à la production européenne. Le manuscrit, resté inconnu jusqu’au XXe siècle, a considérablement enrichi les connaissances sur la faune et la flore du Brésil au XVIIe siècle.During the XVIth and XVIIth centuries, the reports about Brazilian biodiversity were made mainly by chroniclers, military explorers and religious missionaries of various nationalities. Some reports included drawings representing the local fauna and flora. The XVIIth century manuscript History of Animals and Trees of Maranhão published under authorship of Friar Cristóvão de Lisboa presents for the first time the association of the description with the depiction of a river dolphin in Brazil. Anterior papers related it to Inia geoffrensis (Blainville, 1817) with current distribution in the Amazon basin. At the beginning of this century, a new species Inia araguaiaensis Hrbek, Da Silva, Dutra, Gravena, Martin & Farias, 2014 was described from the Araguaia-Tocantins basin and Marajó bay. A doubt arises about which species is related to the manuscript. The aims here were to identify the river dolphin described and depicted in the manuscript and to relate the manuscript and the identification of the river dolphin to the context of the production of the first reports on Brazilian biodiversity in the XVIth and XVIIth centuries. Analyzing biological, geographic and historical data, we identify the river dolphin in the manuscript as Inia araguaiaensis. We consider that the manuscript History of Animals and Trees of Maranhão was ahead of its time in Brazil, since it contained, in addition to the textual descriptions of the species, 259 drawings representing the local biodiversity, of which almost half (116) referred to aquatic fauna. The large number of drawings denotes the importance given by the possible authors of the manuscript to the existence of images that represented this biodiversity in line with what was being produced in Europe. The manuscript, remained unknown until the xxth century, would considerably expand knowledge about the fauna and flora of Brazil in the XVIIth century.</p
Mollusques fossiles d’eau douce du Pléistocène inférieur (Calabrien) du nord de Taïwan
No full textMalgré l’abondance des mollusques fossiles à Taïwan, plus de 99 % d’entre eux sont des espèces marines. Parmi les rares dépôts d’eau douce, la formation Tananwan (1,46-1,24 Ma), dans le nord de Taïwan, est reconnue comme l’une des unités fossilifères. Dans une couche de mudstone fossilifère d’un mètre d’épaisseur au sein de la formation, nous avons identifié cinq espèces de mollusques. L’assemblage, principalement dominé par les espèces Sinotaia quadrata (Benson, 1842) et, moins communément, Melanoides aff. tuberculata, correspond à l’écosystème d’eau douce actuel du nord de Taïwan. Cette étude présente des descriptions détaillées et des images d’assemblages de mollusques d’eau douce fossiles à Taïwan, permettant ainsi de mieux comprendre les origines de la biodiversité contemporaine des eaux douces du Pacifique ouest subtropical. En outre, dans plusieurs spécimens fossiles de S. quadrata, des coquilles juvéniles ont été trouvées à l’intérieur de coquilles femelles, ce qui constitue le second cas connu de portage de juvéniles chez les viviparidés fossiles.Despite the extensive fossil mollusk records in Taiwan, over 99% are marine species. Among the few freshwater deposits, the Tananwan Formation (1.46-1.24 Ma) in northern Taiwan has been recognized as one of the most prolific fossiliferous strata. In a 1-meter thick fossiliferous mudstone layer within the formation, we identified five molluscan taxa. The assemblage is primarily dominated by Sinotaia quadrata (Benson, 1842) and the less common Melanoides aff. tuberculata, which corresponds to the current freshwater ecosystem in northern Taiwan. This study presents detailed descriptions and images of fossil freshwater molluscan assemblage from Taiwan, providing insights into the origins of contemporary freshwater biodiversity in the subtropical West Pacific. Additionally, in several fossil S. quadrata specimens, juvenile shells were found within female shells, marking the second known case of child-carrying in fossil viviparids.</p
Révision de <i>Pherecardia</i> Horst, 1886 (Annelida, Amphinomidae)
No full textLes annélides polychètes amphinomidées sont classées en fonction de la forme de leur caroncule, de la présence et du type de branchies le long des segments du corps, et des types des soies présents. Pherecardia Horst, 1886 a été proposé pour inclure les espèces ayant une grande caroncule avec une bordure médiane en forme de cœur et des lobes latéraux. Cependant, la définition générique n’était pas bien comprise à cette époque, et certaines espèces actuellement référencées dans ce genre ont été décrites dans Hermodice Kinberg, 1857 ou dans Amphinome Bruguière, 1789. Pherecardia inclut actuellement quatre espèces d’eau peu profonde : P. maculata Imajima, 2003 du Japon, P. parva Monro, 1924 du banc Macclesfield, P. polylamellata de Silva, 1961 du Sri-Lanka, et P. striata (Kinberg, 1857) de Polynésie française. Deux autres espèces ont aussi été proposées comme congénères : A. bruguieresi de Quatrefages, 1866 et A. formosa de Quatrefages, 1866. Le genre Pherecardia est mieux connu pour son espèce type, P. striata (Kinberg, 1857), une espèce commune, largement répandue et aisément reconnaissable, caractérisée par les nombreuses rayures pigmentées dorso-longitudinales et recensée dans tout l’Indo-Pacifique, de l’Afrique de l’Est au Pacifique Est. Cette espèce a été considérée comme importante pour l’écologie des récifs de corail, car elle s’attaque aux étoiles de mer “couronne d’épines” (Acanthaster planci (Linnaeus, 1758), quand celles-ci sont blessées. Nous révisons ici le genre sur la base de l’examen du matériel type et de matériel supplémentaire provenant de dix collections muséales, ainsi que de comparaisons d’ADN mitochondrial de spécimens représentatifs provenant de diverses localités. Nous reconnaissons trois espèces : P. striata, P. distincta (Hoagland, 1920) (nouvelle combinaison, incluant P. polylamellata comme synonyme), et P. maculata (conservée en attendant l’étude des spécimens topotypiques). Pherecardia parva est transférée à Pherecardites Horst, 1912 et renommée Pherecardites monroi en raison de l’homonymie avec Pherecardites parva Horst, 1912. Amphinome bruguieresi est considéré comme un synonyme junior d’Eurythoe indica (Schmarda, 1861); le statut de A. formosa reste indéterminé. Des clefs sont incluses pour les espèces de Pherecardia et Pherecardites.Amphinomid annelids are classified after the shape of caruncle, the presence and type of branchiae along body segments, and the type of chaetae present. Pherecardia Horst, 1886 was proposed to include species having a large caruncle with a heart-shaped median ridge and lateral lobes. However, generic delineation was not well understood at the time, and some species currently referred to the genus were described in Hermodice Kinberg, 1857 and Amphinome Bruguière, 1789. Pherecardia currently includes four shallow water species: P. maculata Imajima, 2003 from Japan; P. parva Monro, 1924 from the Macclesfield Bank; P. polylamellata de Silva, 1961 from Sri-Lanka; and P. striata (Kinberg, 1857) from the French Polynesia. Two other species have also been proposed as congeneric: A. bruguieresi de Quatrefages, 1866; and A. formosa de Quatrefages, 1866. The genus is best known for its type species, Pherecardia striata (Kinberg, 1857), a common and widespread, large and readily recognized species characterized by numerous longitudinal dorsal pigmented stripes and recorded across the Indo-Pacific from East Africa to the East Pacific. This species has been regarded as relevant for coral reef ecology since it attacks injured predatory crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci (Linnaeus, 1758)). Here we review the genus based on examination of type and additional material from 10 museum collections and mitochondrial DNA comparisons of representative specimens from various localities. We recognize three species: P. striata, P. distincta (Hoagland, 1920) (new combination, including P. polylamellata as synonym), and P. maculata (retained pending the study of topotypical specimens). Pherecardia parva is transferred to Pherecardites Horst, 1912 and renamed as Pherecardites monroi because of homonymy with Pherecardites parva Horst, 1912. Amphinome bruguieresi is regarded as a junior synonym of Eurythoe indica (Schmarda, 1861); the status of A.formosa cannot be determined. Keys are included for species of Pherecardia and Pherecardites
Revision of the Ecuadorian Microstigmatidae (Araneae: Mygalomorphae), with the description of six new species
No full textThe small mygalomorph family Microstigmatidae Roewer, 1942 from Ecuador is reviewed, and images of the blind cave species, Spelocteniza ashmolei Gertsch, 1982 are presented. Six new species are described, and one new genus is erected: Pseudonemesia scutata sp. nov. (♂), Spelocteniza pampenita sp. nov. (♂♀), Spelocteniza zuninoi sp. nov. (♂), and Pastaza gen. nov., Pastaza aureliae gen. et sp. nov. (♀), Pastaza roberti gen. et sp. nov. (♂♀) and Pastaza vegai gen. et sp. nov. (♂). SEM images of the cuticle and tarsal organ of all genera are provided, and finally, the presently recognised diagnostic characteristics of the family are discussed.</p
Revision of the genus <i>Phanerotoma</i> Wesmael (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Cheloninae) from China, with descriptions of twenty-four new species
No full textThe Chinese species of the genus Phanerotoma (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Cheloninae) are revised. In total, 44 species are recognised, of which 24 are newly described: P. acclivirugata sp. nov., P. acuticlypealis sp. nov., P. aequidentata sp. nov., P. coronaria sp. nov., P. crassitibialis sp. nov., P. duae sp. nov., P. emeishanensis sp. nov., P. flavicephala sp. nov., P. fuscisternalis sp. nov., P. inclinata sp. nov., P. longzhouensis sp. nov., P. macrodentata sp. nov., P. microdentata sp. nov., P. montana sp. nov., P. nigricornis sp. nov., P. nigritarsis sp. nov., P. ovatipeltata sp. nov., P. quadratimaculata sp. nov., P. tegularis sp. nov., P. tenebricosa sp. nov., P. thoracica sp. nov., P. truncata sp. nov., P. zhaoi sp. nov.and P. zhejiangensis sp. nov. In addition, six species are newly recorded for China: P. brunneivena van Achterberg, 2021, P. grapholithae Muesebeck, 1933, P. offensa Papp, 1989, P. producta Watanabe, 1937, P. semenowi Kokujev, 1900 and P. tritoma (Marshall, 1898). Phanerotoma flavida Enderlein, 1912 is synonymised with P. orientalis Szépligeti, 1902, and P. ejuncida van Achterberg, 2021 is renamed P. ejuncidoides van Achterberg nom. nov. This revision is a systematic overview of the morphological features considered reliable for the identification of the Chinese species, such as the relative size of the lower tooth of the mandible, the morphology of the female antenna, the number and size of the medio-ventral teeth of the clypeus, the morphology of the female hypopygium and of the metasomal carapace. These features have been photographed to illustrate variation and to facilitate identification; hopefully, it will be a template for future research in this genus.</p