Australasian Medical Journal
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AI Machine Learning Improves Personalized Cancer Therapies
Get PDFCancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease that challenges healthcare professionals with its unpredictable behavior and resistance to treatment. Currently, personalized cancer treatment is getting more attention for its efficiency as a remedy for patients. Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to revolutionize personalized medicine by enabling more accurate and efficient diagnoses, treatment selection, and disease prediction, for instance, cancer, diabetes, and many genetic defects. AI algorithms can analyze large amounts of patient data, including genomic data, medical history, and lifestyle factors, to identify patterns and predict disease risk, treatment effectiveness, and potential adverse reactions. AI can also support the development of personalized treatment plans based on the unique characteristics of each patient, such as their genetic makeup, disease stage, and health history. This approach, known as precision medicine, can significantly improve patient outcomes and reduce healthcare costs by focusing on the most effective treatments for each individual. Moreover, AI-powered tools can help clinicians identify patients at high risk of developing a particular disease and intervene early to prevent or delay its onset. This can be particularly crucial for chronic diseases like diabetes and heart disease, which can be managed more effectively with early intervention. Furthermore, AI can significantly improve research efficiency and outcomes in personalized medicine by enhancing patient stratification during clinical trials. By leveraging AI-driven algorithms, researchers can identify and group patients based on various factors, such as genetic profiles, disease characteristics, and treatment responsiveness. It should be noted that the impact of AI on personalized medicine is still being explored, and there are many opportunities for this technology to transform healthcare in the coming years. However, it is crucial to ensure that AI is used ethically and responsibly to respect patient privacy and guarantee the accuracy and reliability of the data being analyzed. This review article explores how artificial intelligence can improve prognosis and personalized cancer immunotherapies
Application of fluorescence imaging in identifying wound bed infections
Get PDFInfection of the wound bed is the 2nd most common cause of Graft loss following split skin graft, next to hematoma(1). Wound bed infections increase the duration of hospital stay, increased cost of treatment, prolonged treatment and treatment failure. Hence identifying wound bed infection and treating it becomes the primary duty of the surgeon before applying skin graft for any wounds. In the current setting, wound biopsy and culture is the important Modality through which wound infection is confirmed. Though Wound biopsy is gold standard in identifying wound infection, it is time consuming which further delays the management of the wound. In this article we would like to report about the use of a real time fluorescent imaging in rapid identification of bacterial infections in wound bed
Association Between Glucose Level And Prevalence of Headache Among Saudi Population: A Cross-Sectional Study
Get PDFObjective: To investigate the association between glucose levels and the prevalence of headaches among the adult Saudi population. Methods: This research will employ a cross-sectional study design, which involves collecting data from a sample of the Saudi population at a single point in time. This design allows for the investigation of the association between glucose levels and headache prevalence in a cost-effective and time-efficient manner. Results: The study included 574 participants. The most frequent weight among them was 51-65 kg (n= 196, 34.1%), followed by 66-75 kg (n= 130, 22.6%). The most frequent height among study participants was 151-160 cm (n= 229, 39.9%), followed by 161-170 cm (n= 195, 34%). The most frequent age among study participants was less than 25 years (n= 203, 35.4%), followed by 25-30 years (n= 143, 24.9%). The most frequent nationality among study participants was Saudi (n= 547, 95.3%), followed by non-Saudi (n= 27, 4.7%). The most frequent gender among study participants was female (n= 351, 61.1%), followed by male (n= 223, 38.9%). The perceived blood sugar level intake varied among study participants, with most having normal blood sugar levels. Participants were asked if they smoked. Most were not smoking (n=482, 84%), and non-smoking were (n=92, 26%). Participants were asked about the nature of the headache. The most frequent were they don’t have (n= 345, 60.1%), followed by sharp (n= 116, 20.2%), and the least was continuous (n=113, 19.7%). Participants were asked about a kind of headache. The most frequent were they don’t have (n= 367, 63.9%), followed by stress headaches (n= 116, 20.2%), and the lowest cluster (n=15, 2.6%). Conclusion: The results of the study showed that most of the participants were Saudis. Most of them are women. In addition, the majority of people have normal fasting blood sugar levels. Their physical activity is moderate and the majority are non-smokers. In addition, most of the study participants had good and effective social communication
Application of Prolotherapy for Pressure Injury
Get PDFPressure ulcer or pressure sore is one of the complications seen in bedridden patients. Management of these ulcers is often challenging. But there is no well-established method that accelerates the wound healing rate. Prolotherapy is a technique that involves injecting some irritant locally in the wound that is claimed to hasten the healing. This article highlights the role of prolotherapy in wound bed preparation
Thyroid Nodules and Thyroid Cancer In Adult Age In Ksa
No full textObjective: In terms of thyroid illnesses, thyroid cancer has one of the highest prevalence rates and is the second most common form of neoplasia in the Saudi population. The focus of this study is a thorough analysis of trends in rising incidence rates and the distribution of various thyroid cancer patterns in the population of Saudi Arabia. Methods: This research employs a cross-sectional study design. Cross-sectional studies involve collecting data from a specific population at a single time to determine the prevalence of a certain condition and assess the distribution of variables of interest. Results: The study included 558 participants. The most frequent age among them was 18-28 years (n= 256, 45.9%), followed by 29-39 years (n= 138, 24.7%). The most frequent gender among study participants was Female (n= 367, 65.8%) followed by Male (n= 191, 34.2%). The most frequent nationality among study participants was Saudi (n= 533,95.5%), followed by non-Saudi (n=25, 4.5%). Educational level study participants most of them university (n= 453, 81.2%) followed by high school (n= 83, 14.9%). %). The most frequent job among study participants was government (175, 31.4%), followed by the student (128, 22.9%). Participants were asked about the symptoms of thyroid tumors the most frequently answered that they didn’t know (243, 20.8%), followed by difficulty swallowing (167, 14.3%), and the least was cough (47, 4%). The most frequent address among them was city (n= 506, 90.7%%), followed by countryside (n= 52, 9.3%). Figure 6 shows the address distribution among study participants. The most frequent income level among them was middle (n= 393, 70.4%), followed by high (n= 92, 16.5%), and the least was weak (n=73, 13.1%). Participants were asked about what thyroid diseases they suffer from the most frequently answered was I don’t suffer from thyroid disease (445, 79.7%), followed by other than that (75, 13.4%), and the least was Malignant tumor of the thyroid gland (7, 1.3%). Participants were asked about what chronic diseases do you have the most frequently answered was other 127 (127, 48.7%), followed by Hypertension (35, 13.4%), and then Type 2 diabetes (33,12.6%), the least heart disease (9, 3.4%). Conclusion: The results of the study showed that most of the study participants were Saudis, and most of them lived in the city. Most of them were women. Most of the participants have an average monthly income. Most of the study participants had thyroid disease
The Association Between Hypertension and Insomnia Among Saudi Population: A Cross-Sectional Study
Get PDFObjective To assess the relationship between hypertension and insomnia among the Saudi population. Methods The study will employ a cross-sectional design to investigate the association between hypertension and insomnia among the Saudi population. This design allows for the collection of data at a single point in time, offering insights into the relationship between the variables. Results The study included 581 participants. The most frequent age among them was 18-28 (n= 266, 45.8 Per Cent), followed by 29-39 (n= 129, 22.2 Per Cent). The most frequent gender among study participants was female (n= 320, 55.1 Per Cent), followed by male (n= 261, 44.9 Per Cent). Study participants' most frequent body mass index was normal 18.5-24.9 kg/m2 (n= 231, 39.8 Per Cent) followed by overweight 25-29.9 kg/m2 (n= 200, 34.4 Per Cent). Marital status among study participants, with most of them being single (n=283, 48.7 Per Cent) followed by married (n= 238, 41 Per Cent). The number of hours of sleep during the day among study participants with most of them had 6-8 hours. Participants were asked if they had difficulty sleeping. There most of the participants were nothing (n= 201, 34.6 Per Cent). On the other hand, 154 participants had middle (26.5 Per Cent). They asked if they had difficulty staying asleep. There most of the participants were nothing (n= 227, 39.1 Per Cent). On the other hand, 152 participants had middle (26.2 Per Cent). Participants were asked if they had trouble waking up early. There most of the participants were nothing (n= 189, 32.5 Per Cent). Followed by middle (n=148, 25.5 Per Cent). Conclusion The results of the study showed that most of the study participants were of normal weight according to their body mass index. Most of them are single. Most participants sleep approximately 6-8 hours a day. The largest percentage of participants work in the government or private sector. Most of them had good social contact
True Penicillin Drug Allergy
Get PDFIntroduction A drug allergy is an abnormal immune system reaction to a medication. Any medication can induce a drug allergy. However, a drug allergy is more likely with certain medicines, one of which is penicillin. The most common signs and symptoms of drug allergy are hives, rash, or fever. Up to 15.6% of patients self-reported having an allergy to penicillin, and most of those reported allergies lacked proper documentation (1). In addition, 90 percent of penicillin-allergic patients can tolerate penicillin and, therefore, are labeled unnecessarily (2,3). Using alternative broad-spectrum antibiotics in those patients prevents optimal medical care (1). Skin tests provide confirmatory evidence of sensitization to a given allergen. Therefore, the primary objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of penicillin drug allergy by medical chart review and to identify the true drug-allergic patients. Methodology This is a retrospective observational study of the population by reviewing charts. The inclusion criteria were all patients labeled allergic to penicillin at KAMC between 1982 and December 2017. The second objective is a prospective interventional study of a skin prick and intradermal test (IDT) for penicillin allergy. We calculated the sample size, and the total required number of patients for the testing was 133. Results Of 2738 labeled allergic patients, 455 were labeled as penicillin allergy (16.6%). The majority were female participants, accounting for 338 (74.3%). Table 1 shows the baseline characteristics. Among all the participants, maculopapular rash was the most common documented symptom. Moreover, 18.7% (n=85) of the patients had either unknown or undocumented reactions. Penicillin drugs were classified into subgroups in which patients reacted. Penicillin (63.3%) was the most common, followed by Augmentin (15.8%), then amoxicillin (11.0%). Thirty participants (6.6%) received penicillin after they were labeled as allergic to penicillin and did not report any further reactions except for one participant who developed the rash. Conclusion As many as penicillin-labeled allergic patients, only a few are truly allergic to penicillin. This fact is attributed to poor documentation of allergies and based on the history taken from the patient that he might falsely relate a symptom or adverse effect to penicillin without being tested for penicillin allergy. This study recommends using proper documentation standards, such as penicillin skin tests when documenting patient allergies