Australasian Medical Journal
Not a member yet
1482 research outputs found
Sort by
Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of uterine cervix in a young adult - A case report
Get PDFBasaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix is an extremely rare and aggressive malignancy. It has poorer clinical outcomes than squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. The tumour has specific microscopic features, and usually affects patients in their late 60s and 70s. We present a very rare case of a 30-year-old woman, who was diagnosed on a prophylactic examination and was treated with radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection. The follow-up of the patient is ongoing
Budesonide as a first line therapy in autoimmune hepatitis: A systematic review
Get PDFBackgroundAutoimmune hepatitis (AIH) Is a chronic liver disease with female predominance. Treatment of this condition required usually a long-term corticosteroid therapy.AimsCurrent review aimed to summarize the efficacy of budesonide as a first line treatment in AIH.Methods Pub Med, Google Scholar, and EBSCO databases were systematically search for relevant articles. The terms autoimmune hepatitis, budesonide, prednisolone and azathioprine were used. out of hundred and six, only five fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Results Out of 106 articles, only 5 included in this review. All patients included in current review were steroid naive. Budesonide in dose of 3 mg trice a day was the used in 2 out of 5 studies both document complete platelet response in 50–80 per cent. Azathioprine was added to budesonide in 3 out of 5 studies, 60 per cent of the budesonide treated patient had a complete platelet response versus 30–40 per cent of prednisolone treated group.ConclusionIn non-cirrhotic AIH patients, budesonide was as effective as prednisolone with fewer steroid related side effects.
Evaluation of copper and haematological markers in atherosclerosis coronary heart disease
Get PDFBackgroundCoronary heart disease [CHD] remains the major cause of morbidity and mortality in all developed as well as in developing countries. Leading cause of CHD is atherosclerosis, an inflammatory disease. Inflammation is closely related to thrombosis which begins with Platelets aggregation. Experimental Studies on animal model had been highlighted that copper may be associated with platelet aggregation but the data in human studies are lacking.AimsThis study was undertaken to evaluate role of haematological markers namely platelet count, clotting time, bleeding time and association of copper in pathogenesis of CHD.Methods The study was conducted was conducted in a single centre with retrospective atherosclerotic CHD cases and 100 as healthy controls. All 200 subjects were undergone through ECG and invasive coronary angiography. Haematological markers such as platelet counts, clotting time, bleeding time & Copper were measured in both groups by standard biochemical methods.Results Patients with the atherosclerotic CHD had decreased level of Platelet counts & Copper compared to healthy controls whereas there were no significant difference had been observed in CT & BT. Significant Positive correlation observed among the platelet count and copper levels in CHD cases. Post hoc analysis of platelet count and copper level in CHD cases and control subjects shows, significant positive correlation between the copper and platelet count levels in CHD cases, although on contrary there was non-significant negative correlation observed in copper and platelet counts levels among the control subjects.ConclusionCompared to control, low platelet count and copper levels in cases predict that platelets and copper may plays a crucial role in the development of atherosclerosis CHD and has correlation with each
Epidemiological study of scarlet fever in Shenyang City, China
Get PDFAimsTo depict the Spatiotemporal epidemiological characteristics of the incidence of scarlet fever in Shenyang, China, in 2018 so as to provide the scientific basis for effective strategies of scarlet control and prevention.Methods Excel 2010 was used to demonstrate the temporal distribution at the month level and ArcGIS10.3 was used to demonstrate the spatial distribution at the district/county level. Moran’s autocorrelation coefficient was used to examine the spatial autocorrelation and the Getis-Ord statistic was used to determine the hot-spot areas of scarlet fever.Results A total of 2,314 scarlet fever cases were reported in Shenyang in 2018 with an annual incidence of 31.24 per 100,000. The incidence among males was higher than that amongfemales (X2=95.013, P≤0.001). A vast majority of the cases (96.89%) were among children aged 3 to 11 years. The highest incidence was 625.34/100,000 in children aged 5–9 years. There are two seasonal peaks occurred in June (Summer-peak) and in December (Winter-peak) in 2018. The incidence of scarlet fever in urban areas was significantly higher than that in rural areas(X2=514.115, P≤0.001). The incidence of scarlet fever was randomly distributed in Shenyang. There are hot-spots areas located in seven districts.ConclusionUrban areas are the hot spots of scarlet fever and joint prevention and control measures between districts should be applied. Children in the kindergartens and the primary school students are the main population of scarlet fever and the time distribution of scarlet fever is highly consistent with their school and vacation time. It is suggested that measure for prevention and control of scarlet fever in kindergartens and primary schools is the key to control the epidemic of scarlet fever
Evaluating the skill curve of psychomotor skill acquisition in arthroscopy, using a virtual reality simulator in trainee doctors
Get PDFBackgroundVirtual reality (VR) simulation with haptic feedback has emerged as one of the most promising methods of teaching basic techniques in minimally invasive surgery (MIS). Simulation training in MIS procedures allows trainees to receive feedback without putting patients at risk and can assist in decreasing error rates and iatrogenic injury.AimsThe aim of this study is to evaluate the learning curve in acquiring psychomotor skills required for shoulder arthroscopy using a VR device with haptic feedback.Methods The TolTech ArthroSim (Touch of Life Technologies, Inc., Aurora, Colorado) was selected as the simulator. Six repetitions of the same arthroscopic procedure were performed in a single one-hour session. The metrics included in this study were time taken to complete procedures in seconds. 24 trainee doctors without prior arthroscopy exposure were recruited in this studyResults There is a relevant reduction in time taken throughout the training sessions. The largest reduction in time taken occurred in the first two repetitions going from 422.61s to 242.19s a reduction of 42.69 per cent. This reduction in time taken levels out after the fourth repetition. ConclusionThere is a significant but steep learning curve in trainee doctors learning arthroscopy using VR simulator with haptic feedback which correlated with the first 40 minutes of training. Despite a large variation in innate arthroscopic skill, on average participants were able to significantly improve by the end of the study. There is also a reduction in the variation of arthroscopic skills between participants in later repetitions
Bilateral duplicated crura of the thoracoabdominal diaphragm
Get PDFUsually, the right crus of the diaphragm attach onto the upper and the left crus onto the upper two lumbar vertebrae. In the present case, bilateral duplication of the diaphragmatic crura was noted. The right crus duplicated into right medial crus which had the usual attachment and right lateral crus that attached to the fifth lumbar vertebra. The left crus also duplicated into left medial crus which had the usual attachment and left lateral crus that attached to the fifth lumbar vertebra. A retrocrural space separated the two duplications. A thorough knowledge of crural variations is necessary for the surgeons during surgical interventions
Arthroscopic treatment of synovial chondromatosis of the proximal tibiofibular joint: A case report
Get PDFA 14-year-old girl presented with pain during the motion of knee joint. Multiple loose bodies were detected in proximal tibiofibular joint area in simple radiography. MRI demonstrated multiple small calcifications in the cystic lesion which was located around the popliteus muscle from the proximal area of fibular head to the tibial attachment area of popliteus muscle. Loose bodies were excised successfully with only arthroscopic approach through popliteal hiatus. To our knowledge, arthroscopic excision of synovial chondromatosis of the proximal tibiofibular joint has not been reported
A rare clinical case of synchronous colorectal cancer, affecting the transverse colon
Get PDFSynchronous colorectal cancer is a rare condition, which presents with the simultaneous development of more than one primary carcinoma and affects different segments of the colon and rectum. The incidence of this disease is about 3.5 per cent of all carcinomas of the colon and rectum and more often affected men. Adenocarcinoma is the most common histological type for synchronous colorectal cancer.We present a rare clinical case of a 62-year-old woman with synchronous colorectal carcinoma, located in the transverse and sigmoid colon and verified histologically by colonoscopy
Cattle related trauma: Are we underestimating its severity?
Get PDFBackgroundCattle related trauma is a serious subset of trauma that is common in rural hospitals around the world.AimsThe purpose of this review was to investigate the current literature, and to highlight the severity of cattle related trauma.MethodsA systematic review of the literature was completed through Medline and EMBASE databases from January 1990 to December 2018. The author screened the data sources, full text, English written articles, peer reviewed journal articles and case reports were included. The search netted 14 articles that are reviewed in this paper.ResultsInjuries sustained from cattle are wide ranging in type and severity. The most common are those affecting the upper and lower extremities, which are associated with higher patient morbidity. Injuries to the head, chest and abdomen are less common, and are associated with higher levels of mortality.ConclusionCattle related trauma is common within the agricultural industry, yet it is under reported and preventative safety measures need to be improved