Australasian Medical Journal
Not a member yet
1482 research outputs found
Sort by
Efficacy of tranexamic acid administration in traumatic brain injury patients: A review
Get PDFBackgroundAnti-fibrinolytic medications decrease traumatic intracranial haemorrhage (ICH). Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an anti-fibrinolytic, which recently has shown effectiveness in management of traumatic haemorrhage.AimsTo summarize the randomized control trials (RCTs) that evaluate the efficacy of tranexamic acid administration in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients.Methods An electronic literature review, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and EBSCO that examining RCTs, observational, and experimental studies which study the efficacy of TXA administration in (TBI) patients.ResultsThe current review included 7 randomized studies reported the efficacy of TXA in management of TBI. TXA limit secondary brain injury by preventing the expansion of ICH. Administration of TXA exhibited a tendency to decrease head trauma-related mortality.ConclusionTXA significantly lower the risk of ICU expansion m and prevent brain injury related deaths
Dentinal resistance to compressive forces after root canal instrumentation with three different machine endodontics systems
Get PDFBackgroundThe association between the occurrence of microfractures and vertical root fractures has not been proven in published studies. One of the ways of trying to examine the influence of certain procedures on the resistance of the tooth to the action of occlusal forces is to subject the samples to fracture resistance testing by forces directed at the tooth or a specimen at different angles or by measuring that force on the root cross-sectional surface compressive strength.AimsThis study aims to examine dentinal resistance to compressive forces after root canal instrumentation with three different machine endodontics systems.Methods In order to examine the effect of instrumentation on the resistance of root dentin to the action of compression and compressive forces, teeth were divided in three groups and were instrumented with three different endodontics systems. The samples were subjected to compressive strength testing. Two forces were recorded: maximum force and breaking force.Results The results of the variance analysis show that there is no difference in breaking force between groups (p=0.151), but the difference is statistically significant between sections (p=0.001). The values of breaking forces in the cervical part are on average 25% lower.ConclusionWhen comparing the apical, medial and cervical part of the tooth, the medial part of the tooth has the highest values of breaking force and the apical part has slightly lower values. The values of breaking forces in the cervical part are on average 25% lower
Secondary antiphospholipid syndrome on oral anticoagulant presented with subdural hematoma
Get PDFA 50-year-old female known case of systemic lupus erythematosus with positive antiphospholipid antibody warfarin, presented to hospital complaining of severe headache and vomiting for four days. CT brain showed bilateral chronic subdural haemorrhage more on the left side. Her laboratory investigation showed normal Platelet and INR of 3.10. Warfarin reversed and the patient treated conservatively. Later on, admission, she became drowsy again CT brain repeated and showed extensions of hematoma and increased effacement of brain parenchyma. She underwent left sided burr hole to evacuate hematoma. More studies are needed to guide the management of APLS with bleeding
Emerging and Innovative Concepts in Medical Research
Get PDFAustralasian Medical Journal is successfully compiling the 14th volume in which the Journal released eight issues so far with publication timeliness of one issue release per month. The articles published in the current year were thematically grouped under the following thematic titles: pediatric diagnostic nuclear medicine studies, impact of health education, severity and outcome of covid-19 infection, learning theories in medical education, impact of covid-19 on social community, cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in developing countries, management o ato i dermatitis and treatment of papillary thyroid cancer
Glucose in endoplasmic reticulum stress and immune system disruption: a possible role in cancer development
Get PDF
The impact of COVID-19 on community neurology patients
Get PDFBackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has had a worldwide impact. People with neurological disorders are at an increased risk of severe infection and consequent mortality. In this study we investigated the impact of COVID-19 on community neurology patients in the absence of direct infection with the virus to see if their wellbeing was affected.AimsTo determine whether and how the COVID-19 pandemic affected people with neurological disorders, in the absence of COVID-19 infection.Methods A prospective survey of patients with neurological conditions to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their quality of life, physical and mental wellbeing, access to goods/services and areas of unmet needs relating to the pandemic. The survey was completed by 243 community neurology patients in Perth, Western Australia from April to June 2020.Results Most respondents reported that COVID-19 impacted their daily life (80.7 per cent) and family relationships (73.1 per cent). 10.3 per cent of patients had a substantial effect on their access to facilities such as the gym, and services such as physiotherapy; as well as access to finances (7 per cent) and care (5.8 per cent); whilst anxiety was increased to a minor degree in over half of patients (55.97 per cent). Unclear public health information and guidelines, social isolation and disruption to routine were also identified as difficulties.ConclusionDespite the absence of direct infection with COVID-19, many neurology patients experienced physical and emotional detriment as a result of the pandemic. This study identified the need for organisation and amendment to provisions of neurological services in preparation for future pandemics
Incidence of acute post cataract surgery endophthalmitis at a secondary level hospital
Get PDFBackgroundPostoperative Endophthalmitis is a rare but potentially sight threatening complication of cataract surgery. Due to its grave outcomes, ophthalmologists adopt various preventive measures to minimize the occurrence of this complication.AimsTo report the incidence of acute onset endophthalmitis after cataract surgery at a secondary level hospital.MethodsWe reviewed medical records of patients who underwent cataract surgery from March 2003 to November 2019 at a secondary hospital. Patient’s age, sex, type of cataract surgery performed, type of intraocular lens implanted were noted. Location of incision for patients undergoing phacoemulsification was specified. Post-operative course of patients up to six weeks after surgery was has been tracked to find patients presenting with clinical features of acute endophthalmitisResults5365 patients were operated for cataract from March 2003 to November 2019. Out of them 45.5 per cent patients were males and 54.5 per cent were females. Majority of patients were above 61 years of age. One third of patients underwent extracapsular cataract extraction while two third patients were operated by phacoemulsification. The location of incision for majority of patients operated by phacoemulsification was temporal. Three senior ophthalmologists performed these surgeries. Two patients developed acute post-operative endophthalmitis (0.04 per cent).ConclusionThe low rate of endophthalmitis in our study might be due to strict antiseptic pre-operative measures that is ascertain and done by the surgeon himself and this needs further clinical studies to explore. Our study proves that aseptic surgeries can be performed at secondary level general hospital
Effect of a double dose of photobiomodulation therapy on orthodontic pain caused by elastomeric separators
Get PDFBackgroundIt has been reported that 90 per cent of patients experience pain during orthodontic treatment. Laser photobiomodulation (PBM) is the application of light to pathology to encourage tissue regeneration, decrease inflammation and is wieldy used for pain relief. AimsThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of PBM in decreasing pain caused by elastomeric separators at the beginning of the orthodontic treatment.MethodsTwenty-two patients were recruited to participate in this single-blinded, placebo-controlled study. Four elastomeric separators were placed mesially and distally to the upper first molar on each side. The right side of the upper jaw was treated with a low-power diode laser, and the left side was given a placebo (the same treatment with the laser switched off). Two doses of PBM therapy (660nm, 90mW) were delivered 24 hours apart. The participants filled out a questionnaire immediately after the placement of the separators, before the 1st laser treatment (TO) and 12 hours (T1), 24 hours (T2), two days (T3) and three days after the 1st treatment (T4). At each evaluation period, the degree of pain was scored twice, once for each side.ResultsBoth sides perceived greater pain at 12 hours and maximum pain at 24 hours. Pain decreased on day 3 on both sides. A significant reduction in pain (p=0.01) was detected at 24 hours on the laser-treated side compared to the placebo side. No other significant difference between sides was observed.ConclusionBased on this study, we can conclude that PBM therapy significantly reduces pain 24 hours after separator placement, when the pain is at its peak. However, it does not affect the pain at other time intervals. These findings suggest promising effectiveness of PBM therapy
Pattern and temporal profile of thyroid carcinoma in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A review and meta-analysis
Get PDFBackgroundThere is an increasing rate of thyroid carcinoma in the developed world attributed mainly to over-diagnosis due to healthcare improvement. Saudi Arabia has made health a top priority, an increasing rate of over diagnosis is expected.AimsThe current review assessed the trends, spatial distribution, and epidemiology of thyroid carcinoma in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.Methods A systematic electronic search was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar for relevant articles. All human studies published during the period 2009-December 2019 including Epub and ahead of print were eligible. The keywords thyroid carcinoma, thyroid lesion, Saudi Arabia, prevalence, and incidence were used in different combinations, among the three hundred fifty-four articles identified, twenty-three full text were assessed and only seventeen studies were included. Then the author's names, year and region of publication, the study type, period of study, and the result were recorded. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, IBM, version 20, New York was used for data analysis.Results Seventeen articles were included (9754 patient, age 44.53±5.42 years), women outmoded men and showed younger age (36.59 years), papillary carcinoma was the commonest sub-variant of carcinoma (75.62±17.53, age 52.3 years) followed by follicular (6.52±2.92). An increasing trend was observed all over the Kingdom, but not consistent in all-region.ConclusionAn increasing rate of thyroid carcinoma was evident in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the commonest being papillary carcinoma. Females were more commonly affected at a younger age group. Further National studies assessing whether the increased rate is due to over-diagnosis or other risk factors are highly recommended