Australasian Medical Journal
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Role of Nemolizumab and Omalizumab in management of atopic dermatitis: A review
Get PDFBackgroundNemolizumab (CIM331) is a monoclonal antibody that binds the IL-31 receptor α component. This inhibits IL-31 from acting on neurons that constrains the initialization of the sense of pruritus in cases of atopic dermatitis.AimsTo summarize the results of reported studies evaluating the role of nemolizumab and omalizumab in management of atopic dermatitis.Methods This is a systematic review was carried out, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and EBSCO that examining randomized controlled trials, observational, and experimental studies which study role of nemolizumab in management of atopic dermatitis.Results The review included 8 randomized studies reported efficacy of both nemolizumab and omalizumab for management of atopic dermatitis.ConclusionOther studies with large numbers of patients with AD are necessary to define the adverse effects of both drugs in the treatment of AD
30-day mortality rate following hip fractures in elderly patients admitted to a tertiary care center
Get PDFBackgroundThe incidence of hip fractures in elderly people is steadily rising. Hip fractures sometimes cause mortality especially within 30-days of the injury/incidence. Mortality varies according to the regions or institutes and its determination is clinically or socially important.AimsWe attempted this cross-sectional study to determine the 30-day mortality rate and its associated factors in elderly patients (>65) admitted to a tertiary center of Saudi Arabia for hip fractures.Methods A non-probability consecutive sampling technique was used and determined the 30-day mortality rate and its associated factors on 130 patients.Results A 30-days mortality rate of 15.4 per cent (n=20). Patients (n=130) backgrounds were as follows. Male: female; 57.7 per cent (n=75) and 42.3 per cent (n=55) respectively, with age of 79.6 (SD: 8.5; range 65–88). Comorbidities were present: diabetes mellitus70 per cent (n=91), hypertension 81.5 per cent (n=106), and dyslipidaemia (n=43).ConclusionMortality was 15.4 per cent. Male gender, dementia, and place of fall influenced the 30-days mortality rate. Fracture-type, medical comorbidities, and the causes of fall did not affect the mortality
Physicians Perspective Towards Impaired Awareness of Hypoglycaemia in Patients With Diabetes: A Forgotten Area
Get PDFAim This study aims to assess knowledge, and practices of primary care physician in Saudi Arabia about IAH. Method: A cross-sectional study conducted using a newly designed self-administered questionnaire among 292 primary care physicians at three tertiary hospitals and primary care clinics in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between December 2018 and June 2019. Results Of the participants, 59.9% of them had acceptable knowledge of IAH while only 40.1% had poor knowledge. Around half (46.2%) of physicians rated their familiarity with IAH as average or above average, and these had higher mean knowledge scores than participants who reported below average familiarity (mean 5.32 versus 4.39) (P = 0.000). Higher mean knowledge scores were found among physicians who have managed IAH patients than those who have not managed IAH patients (5.58 versus 5.01) (P = 0.019). The differences between physicians’ mean knowledge scores and their ages, levels of training, and years in practice were statistically significant. Conclusion: A considerable gap was established in the knowledge, awareness, and practice of IAH among physicians in Saudi Arabia. An effort is needed to implement extensive educational activities about impaired hypoglycemia awareness to be directed to primary care physicians and further research in this area is warranted
Bullous Pemphigoid Patients and Associated Malignancies: Retrospective Study; Riyadh – Saudi Arabia
Get PDFObjectives The purpose of this study is to describe the prevalence of bullous pemphigoid (BP) and to determine the associated malignancies with BP in Saudi Arabia.Methods Data on patients aged more than 18 years old, who were diagnosed with BP, were retrospectively reviewed. Patients’ sociodemographic, clinical symptoms and associated medical conditions were collected. Data were analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences, version 21 (SPSS, Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.).Results Our sample was composed of 83 patients who were diagnosed with bullous pemphigoid; their mean age was 80.3 years. 3.6 per cent of our patients had drug-induced BP. 97.6 per cent of our patients had comorbidities, such diabetes, hypertension, and dementia. The most commonly encountered co-morbidities were hypertension in 79.51 per cent patients (n=66) followed by diabetes in 51.80 per cent patients (n=43), and heart disease in 33.73 per cent patients (n=28). None of the patients had malignancies, except for 2.4 per cent patients (n=2) who had lymphoma. Conclusion No clear association between BP and malignancies, age group, gender, or other comorbidities was identified. We recommend larger prospective studies to investigate the association between BP and malignancies
Comparison of total endoscopic thyroidectomy with conventional open thyroidectomy for treatment of papillary thyroid cancer
Get PDFBackgroundRecent advance of endoscopic techniques has allowed surgeons to perform thyroidectomy via an incision placement at hidden places which lead to better cosmetic acceptability compared with conventional open thyroidectomy.AimsThis study was conducted to summarize the current evidence that compare open thyroidectomy with endoscopic thyroidectomy in treatment of papillary thyroid cancer.Methods An electronic literature review, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and EBSCO that examining randomized trials of endoscopic thyroidectomy (ET), conventional open thyroidectomy (COT), and management of papillary thyroid carcinoma was carried out.Results The review included 8 randomized studies that compare total endoscopic thyroidectomy versus conventional open thyroidectomy in treatment of papillary thyroid cancer. The findings showed endoscopic thyroidectomy had statically significant cosmetic appearance, less amount of blood loss and occurrence of transient hypocalcaemia than conventional open thyroidectomy in form of cosmetic outcome, amount lower blood loss.ConclusionThe current review showed that, ET has a better cosmetic outcome and lower blood loss compared with COT. While COT was associated with significantly low operation time, hospital stay, drainage time, amount of drainage fluid and transient recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy
Strongyloides stercolaris infection in a male patient with unusual gastrointestinal tract manifestation and lower limb deep venous thrombosis
Get PDFStrongyloidiasis is an infection caused by the helminthic parasite Strongyloides stercoralis. It is endemic in rural regions of the tropics and subtropics areas. There are between 30 and 100 million an infected persons worldwide. Clinical manifestations of S. stercolaris range from asymptomatic to life-threatening and can be acute or chronic. Symptomatic disease can manifest in skin, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and/or the respiratory system. Severe and disseminated infection can lead to serious complications. We report a case of strongyloidiasis in a 48-year-old male who presented with gastrointestinal symptoms and developed acute cholecystitis and deep venous thrombosis. Strongyloidiasis is uncommon in Saudi Arabia but must be considered for patients with gastrointestinal symptoms who recently arrived from an endemic area or will begin immunosuppressive therapy
Compound odontoma in a 9-year-old male patient – Case report
Get PDFOdontomas are odontogenic benign tumours composed of hard dental tissue formed from the epithelial and mesenchymal base. Although odontomas are sometimes suspected in case of delayed eruption of a permanent heir or a persistent deciduous tooth in the dental arch, they are usually asymptomatic and are incidentally found during routine radiographic imaging. Odontomas are histopathologically divided into complex and compound odontomas. We here describe a 9-year-old male patient with compound odontoma, thereby wish to summarize this tumour: its diagnosis and treatment
Lance-Adams syndrome (LAS). Chronic Post-Hypoxic Myoclonus in Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry: Case report
Get PDFPost-hypoxic myoclonus is a rare finding after cardiorespiratory arrest. Clinical Case: We present a case of a 40-year-old woman with toxic neuropathy due to hyperthyroidism. She was under prolonged resuscitation due to a neural cardiorespiratory attack. Four days later, she developed rhythmic and involuntary movements of high frequency and low amplitude. Video-electroencephalographic monitoring was normal. Cerebral NMR showed extensive and diffuse hyperintensity in multiple encephalon areas and microhemorrhages in both cerebral hemispheres. She was managed with valproic acid. The treatment of this condition must be multidisciplinary; it includes medication (valproic acid, levetiracetam, clonazepam), physical and occupational therapy with close collaborative management alongside the neurology service
Journal Thank you note
Get PDFThe AMJ was founded to help researchers from developing countries to communicate the outcomes of their systematic explorations. We remain committed to that objective. As well, we continue to receive more papers from leading researchers in Australia, Saudi Arabia, China, the United States and other countries, which is a testament to our commitment to quality