Australasian Medical Journal
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Water Borne Diseases in Bangalore
Get PDFBackgroundIn developing countries diarrhoeal diseases take a big toll which can be prevented by adequate supply of safe drinking water. Thus a longitudinal study was taken up to determine the morbidity due to water borne diseases and bacteriological quality of waterMethod 150 homes in two areas, one supplied by bore well and other by tap water was selected by modified cluster sampling. Weekly morbidity details collected. Monthly water samples were assessed for bacteriological quality from main supply, household storage and morbidity reported.ResultsThe difference in proportion of potable and non potable water storage was statistically significant. Potable water is water which is fit for consumption by humans and other animals. The overall incidence rate of target diseases was 3.58%, majority were diarrhoeal diseases with increased incidence in children less than five years. The incidence in areas with bore well supply was 3.8% and in area with tap water was 3.43%. ConclusionThere are various ways in which drinking water can be contaminated along the route of distribution to the consumers. The most effective method to prevent infections is surveillance and treatment of drinking water quality at point of consumption.
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis
Get PDFTuberculosis remains a worldwide public health problem. India has the highest burden of tuberculosis in the world and accounts for nearly 2/5th of global burden and 2/3rd of burden in SEAR countries. The XDR- TB was first described in March 2006 and has also been reported in India. The emergence of XDR – TB is associated with a very low probability cure and a high case fatality as evidenced by various researchers. Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis is rapidly fatal if not treated. Some studies reveal a new and brighter perspective: even in developing countries, extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis may be cured in the majority of cases when management is aggressive and appropriate. What is required is action that is borne out of clear planning, financial commitment and adequate resources, technical capacity, and partnership. Increase in cure rates could be achieved by perfecting the supervision, support and monitoring concerning management of XDR-TB
PPARγ:a dagger in endometriosis
No full textEndometriosis is a debilitating gynecological disorder with an enigmatic pathogenesis. Current treatment strategy mainly involves surgery and medications, which provide only temporary relief. Endometriosis is associated with an abnormal inflammatory response, one of the recent pathogenesis is RANTES (regulated upon activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted) in endometriotic stromal cells, which is responsible for 70% of monocyte migration in the peritoneal fluid. This RANTES can be inhibited by the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor system. Thiazolidinediones (PPAR Gamma Agonists) exhibited the ability shown to suppress existing endometriotic lesions without suppressing ovulation. In vivo studies have shown some promising results which could be incorporated in humans. These results have promised new avenues of treatment emerging from older drugs. Since the existing conventional drugs have undesirable side effects, there is always a need for highly efficacious and better tolerated drugs acting through novel mechanisms of action. Hence, in this review we have highlighted the usage of a class of drugs commonly used to treat diabetes mellitus, which could also be used to treat endometriosis
ENT Disorders- a Study from Rural India
No full textBackgroundThere is a lack of data on paediatric otorhinolaryngology from various Indian populations. This study was undertaken to determine the hospital prevalence of ENT disorders in paediatric population and their relationship with sociodemographic factors in a rural tertiary care hospital in India. Method A record based, retrospective study conducted at Rural Medical College and Pravara Rural Hospital, Loni which provides tertiary level health care facilities in western Maharashtra, India. The entire paediatric patients reporting to the Outpatient Department of ENT (Ear Nose Throat) during the calendar year 2009 was eligible for inclusion.ResultsENT diseases in our study population were found to be more common among male children (53.2%). Majority of the paediatric patients belonged to age group 5-14 years (66.3%), were from lower socioeconomic status (61.2%), living in nuclear family (71.3%) and had illiterate mothers (70.8%). Diseases of auditory system (57.3%) were the most common group of ENT problems among the paediatric population, followed by pharyngoesophageal (27.4%) and nasal (15.3%) disorders. The most common ear, nose and throat disorders were otitis media (18.25%), rhinitis (5.8%) and tonsillitis (11.7%) respectively.ConclusionThe study suggests that otitis media, tonsillitis and rhinitis are the most common otorhinolaryngological problems in paediatric population visiting the ENT department of this hospital and contribute significantly to paediatric morbidity. The results from this study cannot be applied to the community as prevalence of these morbidities is likely to be even higher in the general population.
