International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability
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Critical Success Factors for Urban Water Projects in Nigeria: A Comprehensive Analysis and Review
Get PDFWater projects are essential for meeting the demand for safe and accessible water resources, but they often face challenges leading to delays and unsatisfactory outcomes. To address these issues, project stakeholders must understand critical success factors (CSFs) that influence successful implementation. This research presents a comprehensive analysis of CSFs for urban water projects in Nigeria, aiming to identify key impacts, relationships and other elements for planning, execution, evaluation and their impact on project outcomes. The methodology is fully centered on systematic literature review. Nine CSFs were identified: adequate funding, stakeholder engagement, effective project planning, technical expertise, a robust regulatory framework, community participation, efficient operation and maintenance, climate resilience integration, and monitoring and evaluation These factors are interconnected and crucial for project success, emphasizing the need for a holistic approach. The findings offer valuable insights for practitioners and policymakers, guiding decision-making and improving project outcomes. Stakeholders can enhance project performance, optimize resource allocation, and maximize social, technical, economic, and environmental benefits. The research contributes to existing knowledge, serving as a foundation for further research and practical application in promoting sustainable water management practices and supporting successful water project implementation worldwide, especially in developing countries like Nigeria. These insights can aid effective water projects and address water supply project challenges
Measurements and Analysis of Disjoining Pressure in Sio2 and Al2o3 Nanoparticles Dispersion
Get PDFNanoparticles are gaining prominence in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) due to their distinctive capability to alter reservoir wettability and enhance oil displacement. Currently, they are a vital technique for EOR. The stability of the nanoparticles in high salinity plays an essential role in their functionality. This study has effectively quantified the stability of silica (SiO₂) and alumina (Al₂O₃) nanoparticles in high-salinity reservoirs based on experimental estimations of their disjoining pressure at multiple ionic strengths. The study uses Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) to measure disjoining pressure. Results show that, SiO₂ nanoparticles exhibit strong Van der Waals attraction at low salinity with weak electrostatic repulsion, leading to a total negative disjoining pressure of about-2.162×10⁻¹² Pa. on the other hand, as salinity increases to 2 M, electrostatic repulsion nearly offsets Van der Waals attraction, indicating an improved stability. In contrast, the Al₂O₃ nanoparticles exhibit strong electrostatic repulsion at low ionic strength concentration, ensuring dispersion. However, as the ionic concentration reaches 2 M, repulsion weakens and Van der Waals attraction dominates, leading to a total negative pressure of about -1.074×10⁻¹² Pa with increased aggregation. Thus, our findings suggest that SiO₂ nanoparticles are more likely stable at high salinity, while Al₂O₃ nanoparticles perform better at low salinity. Moreover, this work has provided critical insights for optimizing nanoparticle selection in EOR applications to enhance stability and efficiency in varying reservoir conditions
Dynamical Behaviour of Wall Concentration and Superhydrophobicity Effects on a Combined Reactive Flow in a Slit Microchannel
Get PDFThis work shows how Arrhenius-controlled heat and mass transfer flow influenced by uniform wall concentration over a superhydrophobic microchannel is affected by mixed convection with a constant pressure gradient. While the other parallel plate has a no-slip surface (NSS), one of the plates is purposefully altered to have a superhydrophobic surface (SHS). A semi-analytical approach is used for the nonlinear ordinary differential equations. A graphic illustration of the behaviors of the main parameters governing the flow behavior in terms of mass diffusion, temperature, and velocity trends is provided. It was observed that the presence of mixed convection parameter boosts the fluid velocity. Additionally, the symmetric wall concentration effect significantly affects the development of flow reversal. Finally, these findings will find applications in manufacturing processes like hot rolling, drawing of wire, continuous casting, production of glass fiber, and fabrication of paper, cracking in petrochemical engineering, chemical synthesis, anti-wetting micro-technology, etc
Heavy Metals Pollution in Irrigated Farmland and Automobile Mechanic Village Soil: A Review
Get PDFHeavy metal contamination in soil has emerged as a significant environmental concern due to its adverse effects on agricultural productivity, ecosystem health, and human well-being. This seminar presents a comprehensive review of various studies on the assessment of heavy metals such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), and mercury (Hg) in soil across different geographic regions. The review explores the major anthropogenic and natural sources contributing to heavy metal accumulation, including industrial activities, mining, wastewater irrigation, and atmospheric deposition. Emphasis is placed on common assessment techniques such as Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF). Additionally, the seminar highlights spatial distribution patterns, risk assessment indices (e.g., geo accumulation index, contamination factor), and ecological implications of heavy metal presence in soil. The findings underscore the necessity for continuous monitoring, adoption of remediation strategies, and formulation of stringent environmental policies to mitigate soil pollution and safeguard public health. This review provides a scientific foundation for future research, environmental management, and sustainable land use practices
Effects of Heat Generation and Soret on Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Couette Flow with Radiation and Mass Absorption
Get PDFThis article investigates the effects of heat generation and Soret on MHD Couette flow taking into consideration mass absorption and radiation influence. The governing flow in this study is modelled in the form of partial differential equations (PDEs) in dimensional form with initial and boundary conditions and the Couette fluid model is also be used to characterize the fluid behavior. Then, using suitable dimensionless quantities, the governing non-linear PDEs are transformed. Since the flow governing equations of the problem under investigation are highly complex and complicated, techniques that complement experimental and theoretical fluid dynamics by providing alternative potentially cheaper means of testing fluid flow systems is used. Therefore, the Finite Element Method (FEM) is used after discretization of the PDEs. Using graphs and tables, the effects of thermo physical parameters of engineering interests embedded in the velocity, temperature, concentration of the fluid were studied through series of numerical experiments and discussed. Furthermore, it is interesting to report that an excellent agreement was established when the results of this study was compared with those in literature, thereby authenticating and validating the accuracy of FEM as a strong tool. According to the results of this study, the actions of heat generation on the thermal and momentum boundary layers for increasing values are significant, also, increasing the Soret and thermal radiation cause a reverse trend i.e. decrease in the concentration, temperature and velocity of the fluid
Pesticides Residue In Cucumis Sativus (Cucumber) Sold In Major Markets In Abakaliki Area Of Southeastern Nigeria
Get PDFThis study is aimed at assessing the level of pesticides residues in cucumbers sold in major markets in Abakaliki area, as well as the associated health risks. Samples of cucumbers were collected from two major markets in Abakaliki and analyzed for pesticide residues using Gas Chromatography coupled to an electron capture detector (GC-ECD).The risk associated with the consumption of cucumber was also evaluated using the health risk index (HRI). A maximum of twenty five (25) pesticides residues were present in samples from both markets. The results showed that samples from both markets were contaminated with multiple pesticides residues, including Chlorothalonil (0.8516 mg/kg and 0.5321 mg/kg) in samples A and B respectively, Lindane (1.4205 mg/kg and 1.2041 mg/kg) in samples A and B respectively,) and Dichlorobiphenyl (0.0013 mg/kg and 0.0002 mg/kg) in samples A and B respectively which exceeded the Maximum residue levels (MRLs) recommended by World Health Organization (WHO). Diazinon, Aldrin, Alpha-endosulfa, Isopropylamine, Deltamethrin were below maximum residue levels recommended by World Health Organization (WHO). The HRI of the entire pesticides residue detected were below 1 in adults and children indicating little or no risk for both adults and children. 
Growth and Measurement Of Sno: Zn2+ And Sno:Dye Extract from Green Leaves of Tectonagrandis Thin Films Deposited Using Spray Pyrolysis Techniques
Get PDFDye-sensitized solar cell has a number of attractive features; it provides flexible solar modules, and can be fabricated using conventional method. Dye-sensitized Nanohybrid ZnxSnyOz thin films were prepared on glass substrates using Master Airbrush Brand-model G25, G255-SET and G266-SET to deposit SnO, SnO: Zn2+ and SnO. The concentration of the dopant was varied from 0.1M – 0.5M of Zn2+ and 1% - 5% of dye-extract. The effect of Zn2+ and dye ofTectonagrandison optical and structural properties of the films were examined and analysed. The result showed that the absorbance of the undoped SnO thin films at various substrate temperatures vary from 0.1–0.7. The dye doped samples showed an improvement in optical transmission at 625nm. The increase in transmittance could be attributed to the organic content of dye. Peak reflectance was observed at 350nm for un-doped and Zn2+ doped samples. The band gap energy of the dye doped sample is lower ranging from: 1.55 – 1.88eV than that of the Zn2+ doped samples, 1.60 – 2.22eV. The incorporation of the dyes shifted the fundamental absorption edge of the un-doped SnO thin films thus providing tuning effect of the band gap for solar cells application. The enormous growth of interest in solar energy is the consequence of the need to produce a cleaner energy that is inexpensive and less pollutant to the environment. The solar energy is the most abundant and environmentally friendly renewable energy resource. Photovoltaic’s offers an alternative means of producing essential electrical power without further endangering the delicate balance of our fragile ecosystems. It is the direct means of conversion of solar energy to electricity
Detection of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Enterobacteriaceae Isolates from Children with Gastrointestinal infection in Ilorin, Kwara state
Get PDFThe emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is considered one of the most significant public health challenges of the 21st century, posing serious risks to the effective treatment of infections, and threatening to undo decades of medical progress. This study aims to investigate the phenotypic patterns of extended spectrum beta- lactamases (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae in isolates obtained from two hospitals in Ilorin. A total of eighty- four non- duplicate stool samples were collected from children who had gastroenteritis. Bacterial isolation was carried out following standard laboratory procedures, and presumptive Gram-negative bacilli were stored on nutrient agar slants at 4ºC until needed. Forty (40) presumptive gram- negative bacterial isolates were sub-cultured, purified, and identified using Microbact 12E identification kit. Isolates were screened for antibiotic susceptibility using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and thereafter screened for the production of ESBLs. Identified isolates include: Klebsiella spp. (16), Acinetobacter spp. (3), Enterobacter spp. (9), Citrobacter spp. (2), Morganella spp. (1), Providencia spp. (1), Yersinia spp. (1), Serratia spp. (6), and Proteus spp. (1). Imipenem showed the highest activity against the Enterobacteriaceae isolates by 92.5% followed by gentamicin, ciprofloxacin , ceftazidime, then sulphamethoxazole/ trimethoprim, amoxicillin clavulanate, tetracycline and amoxicillin had the least activity against the isolates by 17.5%.Twenty-one (21/40) multi-drug resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates showing resistance to ≥ 3 antibiotics were identified, and 15 (71.43%) were phenotypically confirmed as ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae with 10/15 (66.67%) being from Klebsiella spp, 26.67% belonging to the Enterobacter specie and 6.67% belonging to Serratia specie. A moderately high rate (37.50%) of ESBL producers were identified among the Enterobacteriaceae isolates screened. This study has revealed that there is a rising antibiotic resistance and increasing prevalence of ESBLs among the Enterobacteriaceae family, which is of public health concern. There is therefore the need for control strategies to be implemented in our hospital and community settings
Phytochemical Profiling, GC-MS Analysis, and Antiplasmodial Potentials of Daniellia Oliveri and Morinda Lucida Leaves
Get PDFThe global demands for use of traditional herbal medicines obtained from medicinal plants for some aspect of primary health care needs is on the increase despite due to the rising spread of drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains to artemisinin derivatives, because traditional herbal medicines have been the most accessible, available, affordable and cheap source of malaria treatments for most communities. This study aims to determine the phytochemical compounds and bioactive components present in aqueous crude extracts of Daniellia oliveri, Morinda lucida and Combined recipe leaves. The phytochemical compounds and GC-MS identification of the bioactive components was determined. Results showed that Alkaloids, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, tannin, steroid, saponins, terpenoids and phenol were present. Phenols had the highest mean concentration in Daniellia oliveri (74.80 mg/g), Morinda lucida (97.78 mg/g) and Combined Recipe (80.85 mg/g) while Tannins had the lowest mean concentration in D. oliveri (3.10 mg/g), M. lucida (3.91 mg/g) and Combined Recipe (3.32 mg/g). GC-MS identification of the bioactive compounds revealed a total of 25 and 49 compounds in Daniellia oliveri and Morinda lucida leaves respectively. It could be concluded that the aqueous crude extracts of Daniellia oliveri and Morinda lucida leaves potentially contained phytochemicals and bioactive compounds reported to be active against malaria parasites. 
A Study on Bivariate Exponentiated Nadarajah-Haghighi Distribution Derived from Plackett Copula
Get PDFThe Nadarajah-Haghighi distribution is an essential lifetime distribution in survival analysis that serves as an alternative to the Weibull, beta and exponentiated exponential distributions. In this paper, a new bivariate distribution is proposed using the exponentiated Nadarajah-Haghighi distribution. The joint probability density function of the proposed distribution was established using Plackett copula function. The model’s parameters were established using the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) procedure. An application using real datasets to depict the usefulness of the proposed model was demonstrated using two different datasets. The results of the applications indicated that the new bivariate distribution fit the real data and executed practically better than its competitors