EDeR. Educational Design Research
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Pre-service teachers as designers in the context of advertising literacy education
Full text linkThe present study describes how teacher design teams (TDTs) in pre-service education were set up to create in-school programs about advertising. A multiple case-study design was employed to reveal what kinds of input-, process-, and output-related factors facilitate or hinder the collaboration of three voluntarily participating teams of pre-service teachers. By combining pre-TDT questionnaire data with an analysis of audiorecorded team design discussions and reflective data collected after the design process, we found that the participating student teachers (1) were unfamiliar with design assignments at the start of the project, but were all intrinsically motivated to take part; (2) especially express practical concerns when designing learning materials, and (3) argue that TDTs positively contribute to their professional development. As this study revealed both facilitating and hindering factors, recommendations for future organization of and research on TDTs in pre-service education are offered
Die (Innovations-, Forschungs- und Entwicklungs-) Arena in der gestaltungsorientierten Forschung: The Empty Space
Full text linkGestaltungsorientierte Forschung wie sie für den Design-Based Research[1] charakteristisch ist, ist in der Tradition der sog. Modellversuchsforschung bereits seit dem Beginn der 1990er Jahre in der berufs- und wirtschaftspädagogischen Disziplin verankert. Seitdem wird sie beständig weiterentwickelt und ist selbst Forschungs- sowie Diskussionsgegenstand in der Forschungscommunity. Betrachtet wird die gestaltungsorientierte Forschung nicht nur aus sozio-ökonomischer Perspektive, aus der heraus sie analog zu ingenieurwissenschaftlicher Forschung konzipiert wird, sondern auch aus einer (lern-)psychologischen Sichtweise. Den bisherigen Zugängen ist gemein, dass sie die handlungstheoretischen Elemente einer Forschung in den Mittelpunkt stellen, die sich in der Planung, Durchführung und Evaluation von Prototypen über mehrere Entwicklungszyklen hinweg und deren Bedeutung für die Generierung von handlungsrelevantem (Struktur-)Wissen erschöpfen. Analysiert werden dabei gemeinhin die Handlungen, die durch Akteure der Praxis oder der Wissenschaft vollzogen werden oder, in einem kommunikationstheoretischen Ansatz, die Bezugnahmen der Akteure aufeinander unter der Fragestellung, wie Wissenschaft und Praxis voneinander lernen können. Getrieben wird das Ganze durch die Feststellung, dass einerseits dem Handeln von PrakikerInnen in einer alltäglichen Lebenswelt ein implizites Wissen inhärent ist, dessen Relevanz über den Einzelfall hinausgeht und dass, andererseits, der Zugang zu diesem Wissen nicht per se gegeben ist, sondern es besonderer Anstrengungen respektive Konstruktionsleistungen bedarf, um dieses (implizite) Wissen verfügbar zu machen. Forschende sind dann daran interessiert eben dieses Wissen zu generieren und es als (Struktur-)Wissen vom Einzelfall loszulösen.
Auf diese Weise wird der Sehnsucht begegnet die Kluft zwischen Theorie und Praxis überwinden zu können. Dieser Allgemeinplatz suggeriert, dass die Zusammenkunft unterschiedlicher Institutionen, Organisationen oder Personen, die stellvertretend für diese stehen, einen Mehrwert (an Wissen) erwarten lassen würde, der in einem Austausch zwischen beidem „erarbeitet“ werden könnte. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt dies in Frage, wenngleich damit nicht konstatiert werden soll, dass organisationsübergreifende Ko-Operationen unnütz seien oder gar verhindert werden sollen. Allerdings setzt der Beitrag an einem viel früheren Punkt der Entwicklungsforschung ein. Er geht davon aus, dass es weniger um eine Kluft zwischen Akteuren oder Organisationen geht, die überwunden werden muss, als eine Grenze, die das Handlungssubjekt selbst zu überwinden hat, um die Entwicklung von Innovationen voranzutreiben. Eine zentrale Rolle spielt dabei die (Innovations-, Forschungs- und Entwicklungs-) Arena als Empty Space. Der Empty Space wird als ästhetisch-philosophisches Konzept aufgearbeitet, seine Zusammenhänge zum Körper als Medium des Erkennens und Handelns herausgearbeitet und somit ein Interpretationsraum entwickelt, der weitreichende Implikationen für die entwicklungsorientierte Forschung im Allgemeinen und den DBR im Speziellen hat. Diese werden in Form eines Fragenkataloges sowie einer tabellarischen Übersicht dargestellt. Letztere nimmt dabei bisherige, eher traditionelle Deutungen der Arena (nach Kremer 2014 und Sloane 2007) auf und stellt diesen mit dem in diesem Beitrag erarbeiteten Plädoyer der ForscherIn als KünstlerIn ein neues Rollenverständnis gegenüber.
[1] Im Folgenden wird wahlweise vom Design-Based Research oder auch DBR gesprochen
Review of Design Research in Education: A Practical Guide for Early Career Researchers
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Teachers and researchers as co-designers? A design-based research on reading comprehension instruction in primary education
Full text linkInsights from scientific reading research only partially resonate in Dutch teaching materials for reading comprehension, and hence in the classroom. As an attempt to bridge the gap between science and educational practice, a design-based research was conducted in which four primary school teachers translated four researcher-provided design principles into practice. In two successive design cycles, the teachers designed and implemented lessons on informational text structures, under supervision of two researchers. The aim of the study was to gain insight into the viability of the design principles and into the level of support teachers need in order to become effective co-designers. Based on data from lesson artefacts, teacher logbooks, panel interviews and lesson observations, we found that the teachers experienced several implementation difficulties. These difficulties were partially due to the fact that there was a tension between two design principles, and that one design principle needed refinement. However, in most cases, the implementation difficulties could be explained by teachers’ limited pedagogical content knowledge. As a result, the teachers needed a high level of support, especially in text selection and revision. Teacher beliefs and habits also interfered with the implementation of the design principles, especially when it came to the importance of working with authentic texts, and teachers’ views on effective modeling.Our study raises questions about the feasibility of equal participation of researchers and teachers at the start of a DBR project, but also shows how DBR can successfully contribute to teacher professionalization if researchers provide adequate support throughout the design process
To adopt or reject? Testing the robustness of a principle-based scenario for guiding effective student questioning
Full text linkGuiding student questioning to become effective for attaining curriculum objectives is a challenge for many teachers. In two previous studies a principle-based scenario was developed in two primary schools to enhance teacher guidance of effective student questioning. This study aims to determine to what extent the scenario for teacher guidance is robust and transferrable to other teachers in different primary school settings. To test its robustness, 15 trainers introduced the scenario in 23 primary schools to 103 teachers. After teachers completed a six-week trial, they indicated in a questionnaire if they were inclined to adopt, adapt, or reject the scenario for future use. Results show that approximately 80% of all teachers would like to adopt the scenario. About 55% of the teachers see opportunities to adapt the scenario to their needs. However, about 20% of the teachers feel not yet able to judge if and how to adapt, having completed only one trial. The conclusion is that most teachers, despite differences in age, gender, grade, experience and school contexts, are willing and able to guide effective student questioning with the help of the scenario. From a theoretical point of view, this study provides further insight in how successful implementation can supported by a principle-based design
Primary students’ participation in school based mathematical reasoning practices: Coordinating reciprocal teaching and systemic functional linguistics to support reasoning in the Swedish context
No full textThe foreign language (FL) classroom can be an anxious environ- ment where students feel uncomfortable having to communicate in a language in which they feel inadequate and have little practice. Low self-efficacy in skill-specific tasks is oftentimes the culprit. While there are a number of factors involved in successful language learning, this study examines how practice affects students’ sense of self-efficacy in the foreign language classroom. Using self-efficacy theory and design-based research, this qualitative study ‘flipped’ the classroom to focus on student input and output practice in class with grammar instruction video-recorded for homework. Data were recursively collected and analyzed from ten courses over three semesters. Classroom observations and reflection were triangulated with interviews and focus groups. Findings suggest that practice and self-efficacy in the FL classroom are indeed linked and that other factors such as peer familiarity and grading also play a role. The paper concludes with implications for language learning and teaching
Resonating with reflexive design: On participatory design, narrative research and crystallization
Full text linkIn this article, we further explore the idea that educational design, and subsequently educational design research, are in essence dialogical processes in which problem statements, strategies and interventions, and their implementations are realized in co-creation between different stakeholders. We elaborate on the idea of reflexive design as stated in the article of Richter and Allert (2017) by exploring three deepening thoughts on the characteristics of such dialogical design processes. First, we further relate reflexive design to the concept of participatory design to see if we can use insights from this approach on when and how co-creation can take place. Second, we explore the merits of narrative research as a way to include multiple voices in the process of reflexive design. And third, from a methodological point of view we explore the idea of crystallization as a way to collect data and validate findings within reflexive design research processes
STEM Practices: A translational framework for large-scale STEM education design
Full text linkUnderpinned by the nation-wide Early Learning STEM Australia (ELSA) project, this practice illustration presents a design framework to respond to the challenges of scaling and sustaining a large design-based research project. The framework, known as STEM Practices Framework, is informed by work within the Learning Sciences which suggests that the interplay between project innovation and the wider educational reform priorities are critical to the sustainability and scalability of projects. The ELSA project responded to this by developing processes of developmental evaluation to parallel the design based research of the project. Emerging from that process was a design proposition that the object of the project, and the entire STEM education agenda, is not simply to improve educational practice, but to shift educational purpose. Specifically, the paper argues that STEM Practices represents a qualitative shift in purpose from the content bound traditions of science, technology, engineering and mathematics education towards developing a greater capacity to use practices in diverse STEM contexts. The STEM Practices Framework described here was developed to support educators and developers to implement the project innovations built on this understanding. The framework is in two parts: (1) an adaptation of Kemmis et al.’s (2014) practice architectures approach and the practice architectures that support and constrain those practices. (2) A heuristic for working with STEM practices in large scale implementation
Student perceptions of self-efficacy in the foreign language classroom: A design-based research study
Full text linkThe foreign language (FL) classroom can be an anxious environment where students feel uncomfortable having to communicate in a language in which they feel inadequate and have little practice. Low self-efficacy in skill-specific tasks is oftentimes the culprit. While there are a number of factors involved in successful language learning, this study examines how practice affects students’ sense of self-efficacy in the foreign language classroom. Using self-efficacy theory and design-based research, this qualitative study ‘flipped’ the classroom to focus on student input and output practice in class with grammar instruction video-recorded for homework. Data were recursively collected and analyzed from ten courses over three semesters. Classroom observations and reflection were triangulated with interviews and focus groups. Findings suggest that practice and self-efficacy in the FL classroom are indeed linked and that other factors such as peer familiarity and grading also play a role. The paper concludes with implications for language learning and teaching
Design-based research in economic education
Full text linkThis article describes the phases of a design-based research (DBR) process using the example of an economic education project. The project was carried out in the "urban economics" subject area for economic education in upper secondary schools (15-18 years). The research questions, research design, and central research results are described in detail. Finally, the experiences from the project are incorporated to reflect the DBR\u27s specific performance characteristics