Athenea Digital. Revista de pensamiento e investigación social
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Reseña de Moreno Pestaña (2016) La cara oscura del capital erótico. Capitalización del cuerpo y trastornos alimentarios
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Dialogicidade e contradições nas narrativas de si: estudo de casos múltiplos com adolescentes
Get PDFIn this study, the construction of adolescent’s narratives about themselves, was investigated using the dialogic exercise about the self as tool. This research was based on the perspective that the self is composed of multiple voices, like family, friends, school and the participant himself, as a result of their different social positions like student, son, friend and person. This is a multiple cases study, with a qualitative and descriptive nature, non-probabilistic sample of three high school students. This study observed the movements of the voices and the moral valences (positive and negative) assigned to positions as requested by the interview. It means that each speech unit brings with it a voice written with a moral valence contextually constituted according to the social position occupied by each participant. The positions are hierarchically organized within the narratives confirming the understanding of the dialogical self as multiple, polyphonic resulting from different discourses dialogue.Neste trabalho investigou-se a construção de narrativas de si por adolescentes, utilizando como dispositivo um exercício dialógico sobre o self. A pesquisa foi embasada pela perspectiva de que o self é composto por múltiplas vozes, como família, amigos, escola e o próprio participante, em relações resultantes de diferentes posições sociais como estudante, filho, amigo e pessoa. Trata-se de um estudo de casos múltiplos, qualitativo e de cunho descritivo-exploratório, com três estudantes do ensino médio. No estudo verificaram-se os movimentos das vozes e as valências morais (positivas e negativas) atribuídas às posições conforme solicitadas pela entrevista. Observou-se que cada unidade de significado da fala carrega em si uma voz de autoria, com uma valência moral constituída contextualmente, conforme as posições sociais ocupadas por cada participante. As posições se organizaram hierarquicamente dentro das narrativas ratificando o entendimento do self dialógico como sendo múltiplo, polifônico, resultante do diálogo de diferentes discursos
Doping e a lógica da escolha
Get PDFWhen an athlete uses anabolic steroids to increase his athletic performance, it is observed that a set of practices and speeches try to attribute to him an exclusive responsibility for consumption. In this article, we will discuss the cases of two Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) fighters convicted for doping, with whom the authors have had contact. The contact lasted for six months, at two specialized academies in the city of São Paulo, in the year 2014. The methodology of this study consists in a praxiographic analysis, based on the Actor-Network Theory (TAR). In this work, we intend to deconstruct the logic of "individual choice" by the use of doping, by which the athlete is positioned as the sole responsible for the consumption.Quando um atleta utiliza anabolizantes, para aumentar seu rendimento esportivo, observa-se que um conjunto de práticas e discursos tenta atribuir a ele a responsabilidade exclusiva pelo consumo. Neste artigo serão discutidos os casos de dois lutadores de Mixed Martial Arts (MMA), condenados por doping. Os autores mantiveram contato com os atletas durante seis meses, em duas academias da cidade de São Paulo, no ano de 2014. O estudo fundamenta-se em uma metodologia praxiográfica, vinculada à Teoria Ator-Rede. Por meio deste trabalho, pretendeu-se desconstruir a lógica da “escolha individual” pelo uso de anabolizantes, na qual o atleta é posicionado como o único responsável pelo consumo
Igualdad y género entre la juventud vasca: confluencia de continuidades, conflictos y rupturas
Get PDFThe aim of the research we present in this article is to offer a general overview of the situation in the Basque Country concerning gender equality/inequality among young people. This paper is based on qualitative research conducted with young Basque people (15-30 years old). In the first part, a portrait of the young Basque population is presented with regard to formal equality and changes occurring in Spanish and Basque society over the last three decades, as well as a brief review of youth studies focusing on gender analysis. In the second part, the main results of this research are outlined, following three main lines of enquiry in relation to the maintenance or transformation of asymmetrical gender models: continuities, conflicts and ruptures.En este artículo ofrecemos un diagnóstico general sobre la situación de igualdad/desigualdad de género entre la juventud vasca. El artículo está basado en una investigación cualitativa llevada a cabo con jóvenes vascas/os de entre 15 y 30 años. En la primera parte se abordan dos aspectos. Inicialmente, se hace un retrato de la población vasca joven en relación a la igualdad formal y a los cambios ocurridos tanto en la sociedad española como en la vasca en las tres últimas décadas. A continuación, se realiza una breve revisión de los estudios sobre juventud focalizando en el análisis de las relaciones de género. En la segunda parte del texto, se comentarán los principales resultados obtenidos en el estudio, ordenados de acuerdo a tres grandes apartados relacionados con el mantenimiento o transformación de modelos desiguales de género; esto es, incidiendo en las continuidades, los conflictos y las rupturas
Entre la planeación y la improvisación: trayectorias formativo-laborales precarizadas de la juventud en Cantabria, España
Get PDFThe purpose of this paper is to describe and analyze some of the processes through which people acquire labor dispositions working for the neoliberal project promotion in a natural and legitimate way. The authors consider that school-to-work transitions are a preferred framework in order to study such processes. The research takes place in a village of Cantabria (Spain) from 2013 to 2015. We develop the investigation through an anthropological methodology. The authors conclude by discussing how the young people impose upon themselves precarious and flexible labor mechanics. We have found that family and close community establish a framework in which young people learn how to face up to their precarious labor experiences without conflict both in a planned way and in an improvised way. Finally, the labor marketplace obtains what it needs: an adult who makes his own free decisions as a precarioused worker and a low-level consumer.El objetivo principal de este artículo es describir e interpretar algunos de los procesos a través de los cuales las personas incorporan de forma naturalizada y legítima disposiciones laborales favorecedoras del proyecto neoliberal. Los autores consideran que un marco privilegiado para estudiar tales procesos es la etapa biográfica de transición de la vida escolar al mercado laboral. La investigación se desarrolla en el municipio cántabro de Colindres entre 2013 y 2015 bajo una metodología propia de la antropología. Se seleccionan estudiantes de la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria que tienen unas características contextuales y formativas similares. Se concluye con una reflexión acerca de la manera en que los jóvenes aceptan mecanismos laborales precarios y flexibles. En este caso, se trata de procesos planeados y/o improvisados en los que la familia y las redes comunitarias acaban dando lugar al adulto requerido por el sistema: un trabajador precarizado y consumidor de baja intensidad
Lazo social y globalización: las sociedades imaginales y un abordaje metodológico para su estudio
Get PDFThe objective in the article is to establish methodological dimensions to analyze contemporary societies, links and processes of subjectivation, in their relations with images. First, I understand the notion of image in an extended sense to forms of social appropriation: fashions, consumption and tastes, designs, communication technologies and networks, are imaginals properties that intervene in normative productions of social practices. To achieve this general analysis, criteria must be established according to the object of study: the relations (not the actor or the system) are assumed as the general object of the social sciences, assuming the discursive logics of the social. Finally, we propose methodological specificities, understanding interdisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity as fundamental. The work on the imaginal, that is, on the indiscernibility between the social and the images, implies an approach of layered overlays, questioning essentialisms and binarisms.El objetivo en el artículo es establecer dimensiones metodológicas para analizar las sociedades contemporáneas, vínculos y procesos de subjetivación, en sus relaciones con imágenes. Primeramente, entiendo la noción de imagen en sentido extendido a formas de apropiación social: las modas, consumos y gustos, diseños, tecnologías de comunicación y redes, etc. constituyen propiedades imaginales que intervienen sobre producciones normativas de prácticas sociales. Para concretar ese análisis general deben establecerse criterios acordes al objeto de estudio: se asume como objeto general de las ciencias sociales las relaciones (no el actor o el sistema), asumiendo las lógicas discursivas de lo social. Finalmente, se proponen especificidades metodológicas, entendiendo la interdisciplinariedad y la transdisciplinariedad como fundamentales. El trabajo sobre lo imaginal, es decir, acerca de la indiscernibilidad entre lo social y las imágenes, implica un abordaje de superposiciones de capas, cuestionando esencialismos y binarismos
Sobre las interpretaciones pedagógicas de Habermas y Rorty: más allá del modelo fundacionalista
Get PDFThe starting point of this article is the current need of a pedagogy which rethinks its relationship with tradition, with its social profile and its feasibility. Research has been conducted on the hermeneutics of pedagogical and philosophical texts. Firstly, it has been proposed that pedagogy as a discipline should not be a part of psychology anymore and should be reoriented towards postulates closer to philosophy; Secondly, it must be provided with elements that supply an analytical knowledge, plural and dialectical. By analyzing the legacy of the philosophers Habermas and Rorty, the article shows that the Theory of Communicative Action and the acceptance of knowledge as the exact representation of reality can become points of reference capable of making pedagogy provide guidance to all the educational sciences.En este artículo partimos de la necesidad actual de disponer de una pedagogía que se replantee su relación con la tradición, su perfil social y su factibilidad aplicativa. La investigación se ha desarrollado a partir de la hermenéutica de textos pedagógicos y filosóficos. En primer lugar, se sostiene la tesis de que la disciplina pedagógica debería abandonar su integración en la psicología para reorientarse hacia unos postulados más próximos a la filosofía; en segundo lugar, que se la tiene que dotar de elementos que le otorguen pensamiento analítico, plural y dialéctico. A partir del análisis del legado de los filósofos Habermas y Rorty, concluimos que la teoría de la acción comunicativa y la crítica del conocimiento como representación exacta de la realidad pueden devenir referentes capaces de hacer posible que la pedagogía sirva de pauta a todas las ciencias de la educación
La(s) violencia(s) y la democracia como conceptos co-dependientes: el caso argentino
Get PDFThe argentine case is studied in order to rethink and to conceptualize the relations between violence, State and democracy through history. It is proposed the concepts of “threshold of historical intelligibility” and the distinction of systematic, symbolic and subjective violence. It is concluded that after 1983 the subjective violence diminishes if is compared this period with previous ones. It is due to the emergency of thresholds that were articulating meanings and affections about the state, the national, the popular and the democratic. These were articulated to process politically the violence. In spite of that, other variables are emerging and frustrating this process. There is noticed the need to give visibility to the systemic violence and his processing in the democratic life of communities.Se estudia el caso argentino para problematizar y conceptualizar las relaciones entre violencia, Estado y democracia en diferentes momentos históricos. Se proponen utilizar los conceptos teóricos de “umbral de inteligibilidad histórica” y la distinción entre violencia sistémica, simbólica y subjetiva. Se concluye que después de 1983 existe poca violencia subjetiva en comparación con otros períodos históricos debido a la emergencia de umbrales que fueron articulando lo estatal, nacional, lo popular y lo democrático para procesar políticamente las violencias. Se señalan otras variables emergen limitando este proceso, pero se recalca la necesidad de dar visibilidad a las violencias sistémicas y de su procesamiento en la vida democráticas