Athenea Digital. Revista de pensamiento e investigación social
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Luzes e sombras sobre as tradições: a Escola cubana de balé clássico
Get PDFWe present results of research that aimed to analyze the tensions between the various social voices that echo and can be heard in the bodies that make up classical ballet in Cuba. Interviews were conducted with the historian of the National Ballet of Cuba and with ballerinas performing in Cuba. Interviews published in books, newspapers, digital or print magazines, videos, and television programs were attached to this material. The tensions between gender and tradition were noted throughout the research. The analyses on the topic made it possible to verify that the tradition in the Cuban School of Ballet is a complex and paradoxical condition. It produces meanings, some of which are configured as spokesmen of the instituting values of the dancers\u27 bodies to gender, its values, and hegemonic conditions. The traditions, the meanings of being male and female established in historical, social, and cultural times are visible in the ballet.Apresentamos os resultados de uma pesquisa que teve por objetivo analisar algumas das tensões entre variadas vozes sociais que ecoam e é possível auscultar nos corpos que (se) constituem (n)o balé clássico em Cuba. Foram realizadas entrevistas com o historiador do Ballet Nacional de Cuba e com bailarinas/os que atuam em Cuba. Somaram-se a esse material entrevistas publicadas em livros, jornais, revistas digitais ou impressas, vídeos e programas de televisão. As tensões entre gênero e tradição foram sendo evidenciadas no decorrer da pesquisa e as análises possibilitaram constatar que a tradição na Escuela Cubana de Ballet é uma condição complexa, paradoxal, produtora de sentidos, alguns dos quais configurados como porta-vozes de valores instituintes dos corpos dos/as bailarinos/as em relação ao gênero, em seus valores e condições hegemônicos. Visibilizam-se no balé as suas tradições, os sentidos de ser homem e mulher instituídos em tempos históricos, sociais e culturais
Pueblos reexistentes: conflicto armado y construcción de autonomía indígena en Tierradentro, Colombia (1994-2016)
Get PDFIn this paper I analyze the practices of resistance to political violence in Tierradentro subregion, southwestern Colombia. I argue that the nasa indigenous people, organized in the Consejo Regional Indígena del Cauca, resisted more effectively than other subaltern groups, thanks to the construction of a policy of re-existence. The nasa re-existence constitutes a project of autonomy that seeks to restore indigenous agency in the definition of norms and modes of relationship with human and non-human beings who live together in the territory. Such a project implies the adoption of a position of autonomy in relation with all the armed actors. But the negotiation needed for the re- is unfolding, at the same time, between the nasa people and the spiritual entities that take an active role in the defense of the territory. To develop the analysis, I combine elements of historical sociology, anthropology and political ontology.En este trabajo analizo las prácticas de resistencia a la violencia política en la subregión de Tierradentro, suroccidente de Colombia. Planteo que los indígenas nasa, organizados en el Consejo Regional Indígena del Cauca, resistieron más eficazmente que otros grupos subalternos gracias a la construcción de una política de reexistencia. En este pueblo la reexistencia constituye un proyecto de autonomía que pretende restituir la agencia indígena en la definición de las normas y de los modos de relacionamiento con los seres humanos y no humanos que conviven en el territorio. Tal proyecto implica la adopción de una posición de autonomía respecto de todos los actores armados. Pero la negociación que supone la reexistencia se despliega, al mismo tiempo, entre la sociedad nasa y las entidades espirituales que toman parte activa en la defensa del territorio. Para desarrollar el análisis combino elementos de la sociología histórica, la antropología y la ontología política
O Racismo Nosso de cada Dia: contradições de uma sociedade que se apresenta racialmente democrática
Get PDFThis article has the objective of defining theoretical and conceptual reflexions about the issue of racism in Brazil. Starting from the work of Latin-American de-colonialists, we pinpointed, initially, that the historical matrices of racism in the country are repercussions of the European colonization and of the modern eurocentric thinking. Subsequently, we discussed the history of racism in Brazil, focusing on periods after the slavery abolition marked, specially, by the ideology of whitening, in a first moment, and by the myth of racial democracy, starting from the Vargas Era. In this topic, we brought data about the grave situation of social inequality between black and white people which persists in the country. Therefore, we aimed to attach ourselves to ethical and critical voices that claim that the violence daily faced by the majority of the population is not discredited and naturalized anymore, but explicitly revealed. Only through this, effective measures against structural racism will occur, averting this insidious specter which constantly reoccurs in Brazilian sociabilities.Este artigo tem como objetivo traçar reflexões teórico-conceituais sobre a temática do racismo no Brasil. Partindo da obra de decolonialistas latino americanos assinalamos, inicialmente, que as matrizes históricas do racismo no país são desdobramentos da colonização europeia e do pensamento eurocêntrico na modernidade. Em seguida, discutimos a história do racismo no Brasil, enfocando-a em períodos após a abolição da escravidão marcados, especialmente, pela ideologia do embranquecimento, num primeiro momento, e pelo mito da democracia racial, a partir da era Vargas. Neste tópico, trouxemos dados acerca da grave situação de desigualdade social entre negros e brancos que persiste no país. Buscamos, assim, nos somar com vozes ético-críticas que reivindicam que a violência desta experiência cotidianamente vivida pela maior parcela da população não mais seja desqualificada e naturalizada, mas explicitamente revelada. Apenas desta maneira, medidas efetivas contra o racismo estrutural poderão ocorrer, afastando esse insidioso espectro que reincide constantemente nas sociabilidades brasileiras
Humanizar usuários de crack na pesquisa. Considerações sobre a Cracolândia
Get PDFThis article is based on ethnographic research that has developed in the São Paulo region known as Cracolândia. Ethnographic accounts are added to the portion of academic literature on the subject, some news in the media and excerpts from conversations with visitors from that specific part of the neighborhood of Luz. Through them, we seek to make sense of a more human picture of the place and the people who have found a way of life there. We have come to know that people who use crack in that context cannot be scaled solely by their drug use; and that even Cracolândia can be perceived and experienced as a place full of joy and humanity, despite the moral panic surrounding crack.Este artigo é fruto de pesquisa etnográfica que se desenvolveu na região paulistana conhecida como Cracolândia. Os relatos etnográficos se somam à parcela da literatura acadêmica sobre o tema, algumas notícias veiculadas na mídia e a excertos de conversas com frequentadores daquela parte específica do bairro da Luz. Através deles, buscamos dar sentido a um quadro mais humano do lugar e das pessoas que lá encontraram um modo de vida. Viemos a saber que as pessoas que consomem crack naquele contexto não podem ser dimensionadas apenas pelo seu uso de drogas; e que mesmo a Cracolândia pode ser percebida e vivenciada como local repleto de alegria e humanidade, a despeito do pânico moral em torno do crack
Crítica a los consumos actuales de conciencia: saberes en el corazón del neoliberalismo
Get PDFThe neoliberal discourse supposes a dictatorship of the symptom, which steals in a certain way the singularity of the subject. This ideology is the producer of a series of symptoms and psychosocial malaise for whose treatment a series of therapies whose foundation rests in the very heart of the ideology have proliferated. In this sense, the present article of reflection, the current consumption of consciousness received by the therapeutic dimensions, rather than allowing the subject to fit into the subjective subject in a creative and denouncing way, takes a dive into the unstoppable game of the push of capital, game in which the promise of happiness rests.El discurso neoliberal supone una dictadura del síntoma, que roba de cierto modo el síntoma singular del sujeto. Dicha ideología es productora de una serie de sintomatologías y malestares psicosociales para cuyo tratamiento han emergido de manera proliferante una serie de terapéuticas cuya fundamentación reposa en el corazón mismo de la ideología. En este sentido, el presente artículo de reflexión plantea que los consumos actuales de conciencia ofrecidos por dichas terapéuticas, más que posibilitar que el sujeto encare el malestar subjetivo de una manera creativa y denunciativa, le lleve a sumergirse en el juego imparable del empuje al capital, juego en que reposa la promesa de la felicidad
Indexación y Factor de Impacto: La Academia y sus cajas negras
Get PDFThe aim of this paper is to analyse the Impact Factor (IF) of scientific publications as a process which combines technical and social dimensions. Technical dimensions are related to decisions and debates in bibliometric field. Social dimensions are referred to the sociohistorical context where technical dimensions are included in. In this context, concepts about science, scientific policies or knowledge and universities management are crucial factors. According to this, IF is studied as a sociotechnical invention. Theoretically, I use the concept of Black Box to illustrate the construction and objectification of IF as a process in which social, cultural and intellectual components are obscured.El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la construcción del Factor de Impacto (FI) de las publicaciones científicas como proceso en el que se relacionan dimensiones técnicas y sociales. Las dimensiones técnicas remiten a decisiones y debates en el campo de la bibliometría. Las dimensiones sociales aluden al contexto sociohistórico en el que se encuadran las dimensiones técnicas, vinculadas a concepciones específicas de la ciencia, la política científica o la gestión del conocimiento y las universidades. Así, el FI es examinado como una invención sociotécnica. Conceptualmente, me serviré de la idea de caja negra para ilustrar la construcción y objetivación del FI como proceso en el que se oscurecen los componentes sociales, culturales e intelectuales que intervienen en su constitución
Democracia deliberativa en los cibermovimientos sociales contemporáneos
Get PDFThere is a strong historical link between social movements and democratization processes, between contemporary movements and the use of digital technologies and, finally, between the media system and communication technologies and forms of deliberative democracy. I believe that this triadic link — social movements, deliberative democracy and ICTs — is a privileged place to approach the current discussion on democracy. From deliberative, communication and collective action theories, and based on previous qualitative research, I analyze how deliberative forms of democracy are articulated on the Internet and in movements. I conclude by pointing out how — despite its risks and without falling into cyber-utopian approaches— the properties of the Internet are consistent with some of the requirements of a communication system suitable for the deliberative model of democracy, which invites us to reconsider the democratizing role of these technopolitical spaces.Existe una fuerte vinculación histórica entre los movimientos sociales y los procesos de democratización, entre los movimientos contemporáneos y el uso de las tecnologías digitales y, por último, entre el sistema mediático y las tecnologías comunicativas y las formas de democracia deliberativa. Considero que este vínculo triádico —movimientos sociales, democracia deliberativa y TIC— resulta un lugar privilegiado para abordar la discusión actual sobre la democracia. Desde las teorías deliberativas, de la comunicación y de la acción colectiva, y a partir de investigaciones previas cualitativas, analizo cómo se articulan las formas deliberativas de democracia en internet y en los movimientos. Concluyo señalando cómo —a pesar de sus riesgos y sin caer tampoco en planteamientos ciberutópicos— las propiedades de internet son coherentes con algunos de los requisitos de un sistema de comunicación adecuado para el modelo deliberativo de democracia, lo que nos invita a reconsiderar el papel democratizador de estos espacios tecnopolíticos
Traducción de la política educativa. El caso de la Nueva Educación Pública
Get PDFPublic education policies in recent years have been strongly criticized by neoliberal sectors under arguments of efficiency, quality measurement and performance incentives-penalties. This has led to the emergence of important tensions between the legislative version of education design and the local version of schools. In this study we analyse the law 21 040 that Creates Chile\u27s New Public Education System, which promises to reverse neoliberal education policies where these tensions are explicitly evident. Under a qualitative case study, from the Actor-Network Theory, we report on the process of implementation of this law, describing the different legislative and local versions that constitute it daily. Finally, we offer some suggestions to improve the new public education system based on the local evidence of this process.Las políticas públicas educativas de los últimos años han sido fuertemente criticadas por sectores neoliberales bajo argumentos en pro de la eficiencia, la medición de la calidad, y los incentivos y castigos por rendimiento. Esto ha supuesto la emergencia de importantes tensiones entre la versión legislativa del diseño educativo y la versión del plano local de las escuelas. En este estudio analizamos la ley 21 040 que Crea el Nuevo Sistema de Educación Pública de Chile, la cual promete revertir las políticas educativas neoliberales donde se evidencian explícitamente estas tensiones. Bajo un estudio de caso cualitativo, enfocado desde la Teoría del Actor-Red, damos cuenta del proceso de implementación de esta ley, describiendo las diferentes versiones legislativas y locales que la constituyen día a día. Finalmente, ofrecemos algunas sugerencias de mejora del nuevo sistema educativo público en base a las evidencias locales sobre este proceso
Análisis de un proceso de institucionalización del Aprendizaje-Servicio universitario
Get PDFMany universities have engaged in the institutionalization of Service-Learning, due to its potential to approach objectives such as professionalization or social commitment. These endeavors are diverse and complex. We analyze the Service-Learning experiences developed in our university during the academic year 2018-2019, as a study case, to approach the phenomena and create knowledge about the big picture of Service-Learning in an institutional level. Through a data collection constituted by written reports and interviews, three dimensions emerged: orientation of Service-Learning experience towards learning, social impact and the organizational structure of the experiences. The results showed the scope of goals and the strategies to attempt them, both towards education and social impact. We also found three main patterns in which the experiences are organized. The conclusions draw in the possibility of building on the strategies of experiences towards common good to transcend the current university model.Muchas universidades han iniciado procesos complejos y diversos de institucionalización del Aprendizaje-Servicio como forma de atender a objetivos tanto de profesionalización como de compromiso social. En el artículo se analizan el conjunto de experiencias de Aprendizaje-Servicio desarrolladas en una universidad durante el curso 2018-2019 para poder entender este fenómeno y crear conocimiento sobre su diversidad interna como institución. En la información recogida a través de informes escritos y entrevistas se analizan las experiencias en tres dimensiones: orientación al aprendizaje, impacto social y forma de organización. Los resultados muestran la amplitud de objetivos que se pretenden alcanzar, así como las estrategias puestas en marcha, tanto a nivel educativo como de servicio. Asimismo, se han podido perfilar tres grandes patrones en la forma de organizar las experiencias de aprendizaje-servicio. En las conclusiones se reflexiona sobre cómo las estrategias de Aprendizaje-Servicio orientadas al bien común pueden contribuir a trascender el actual modelo universitario
Viaje al centro de la psicología de las multitudes
Get PDFAs a classic, crowd psychology has been the primary reference to social psychology. From its erudite or colloquial description, stories and images about its sighting, irruption or dissolution unfolded. As a journey on the common ideas about it refers to the daily scenarios where they were initially located, and then recognizes the consequences of their stay in these; their deformation, as well as the excesses of their representation. Finally, it outlines a way out, suggests a disciplinary crossover, a friendly attitude to their presence, which renews the relevance of this approach in contemporary times. It will be the psychology of the crowds that will personify the latent conflict, of the manipulated information, of the apathy in questioning or intervening in the face of the excesses committed. In the face of this, the psychology of the crowds is rewritten, and the crowd is reinvented.Como un clásico, la psicología de las multitudes ha sido la referencia primigenia a la psicología social. A partir de su descripción erudita o coloquial se desplegaron historias e imágenes sobre su avistamiento, irrupción o disolución. Lo que se expone aquí remonta esa versión. Cual recorrido sobre las ideas comunes sobre ésta, se hace referencia a los escenarios cotidianos donde inicialmente se les ubicó, posteriormente se reconocen las consecuencias de su estadía en estos, su deformación, asimismo, los excesos de su representación; finalmente, se bosqueja una salida, sugiere un entrecruce disciplinar, una actitud afable ante su presencia, que renueva la pertinencia de esta aproximación en la época contemporánea. Será la psicología de las multitudes la personificación del conflicto latente, de la información manipulada, de la apatía al cuestionar o intervenir ante los excesos cometidos. Ante esto, la psicología de las multitudes se reescribe, y la multitud se reinventa