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Techniques of orchard establishment in arid and semi-arid regions
Get PDFOrchard establishment is a long term investment, so careful planning and proper techniques of planting are prerequisites. There are two ways of orchards arranged i.e., traditional and modern or high density planting. In arid and semi arid conditions its more matter in context of location/site, crops & its varieties selection as well as techniques of planting and after care over other climatic regions. This region mostly having fragile ecosystem (unpredictable weather, limited and erratic rainfall) and poor in soil organic matter and available nutrients as well as other conditions for normal growth and development of the plant. Most suitable arid fruit crops are ber, ker, lasoda, pomegranate, fig, date palm, karonda, phalsa etc or having xerophytic adaptation, similarly semi-arid region potential crops are sweet orange, lime, jamun, khirni, bael, guava, aonla, custard apple, tamarind, mahua, chironji etc or possessing phonological adjustment (critical growth stage completion in optimum moisture available season). Apart from adaptations proper care and management techniques are require for sustainable/ potential production of these fruit crops in this region
Studies on morbidity pattern in Pantja goat under range conditions in Tarai region of Uttarakhand
Get PDFA study was conducted to collect the base line information on various factors affecting morbidity pattern in goats with special reference to Pantja breed under village conditions of Udham Singh Nagar and Nainital districts of Tarai region of the Uttarakhand during a period of two years (April, 2015 to March, 2017) under All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Goats (Pantja field Unit), Department of livestock Production and Management, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar. The results of present study revealed that the overall morbidity among (9023 goats) surveyed population was 27.96 per cent. The results also indicated that Coccidiosis (29.69%), infectious-enteritis (16.43%), miscellaneous (16.47%), pneumonia (13.58%), toxaemia/ acidosis (10.53%), general weakness (7.88%), predation (3.60%) and putrefied (1.82%) were the common causes of morbidity. Among the total morbidity of goat flock faced heavy morbidity was found to be in kids (69.24%) followed by young age (13.66%) and adult (17.10 %). The Chi-square analysis of overall morbidity rate in goats with respect to district showed that the district had significant (p<0.01) effect on morbidity rates in goats
Zinc solubilizing plant growth promoting microbes produce zinc nanoparticles
Get PDFStrains of Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Azospirillum with plant growth promoting ability were checked for their zinc solubilizing ability at ICAR-CRIDA, Hyderabad, India. Efficient zinc solubilizing microorganisms were evaluated for their ability to produce nano-scale zinc particles. The nanoparticles from the cell-free culture filtrates obtained from these strains were characterized for particle size, Zeta potential and functional groups. Presence of Zn nanoparticles in the bacterial culture filtrate was confirmed by particle distribution and Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. Most properties of nanoparticles are size dependent. Zinc nanoparticles were observed to be spherical in shape and size ranged from 52.0 to 106.0nm. Zeta potential of the Zn nanoparticles was estimated to understand the stability of the particles. The measured zeta potentials varied from -14.5mV to +179.10 mV indicating high stability and dispersion of the zinc nanoparticles. FTIR peaks at different wave numbers depicted the role of functional groups of proteins in the biosynthesis of Zn nanoparticles. These results demonstrate the green synthesis of zinc nanoparticles by the plant growth promoting and zinc solubilizing strains of Azospirillum, Pseudomonas and Bacillus
