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A Comparative Analysis of EU and UK Policies on Artificial Intelligence
No full text人工智慧的發展，已成為當前世界發展的重要潮流。人工智慧的研發與廣泛應用，對當代國家的政治、經濟、產業、及社會發展，造成重要衝擊。因應人工智慧現在與未來發展所帶來的影響，世界各國紛紛將人工智慧列為國家發展的重要議題，並研擬相關政策以迎接人工智慧將產生的巨大挑戰。人工智慧的政策發展，因而成為當代國家發展的關鍵議題，值得深入探討研究。本文乃針對歐盟與英國的人工智慧政策，進行比較分析。歐盟與英國人工智慧的發展，於世界上居領先地位。本文希望分析歐盟與英國人工智慧政策的發展與特點，並提出歐盟與英國人工智慧政策發展經驗對臺灣的啟發。本文的目的，主要有三。一方面，本文將分析歐盟人工智慧政策發展的特點與挑戰。歐盟作為世界第一大經濟體以及區域統合典範，歐盟關於人工智慧的政策發展與治理經驗，值得深入研究分析。特別是，本文將聚焦歐盟首次公布之人工智慧的政策白皮書，亦即歐盟人工智慧白皮書「人工智慧：卓越與信任的歐洲途徑」。該份白皮書，象徵歐盟人工智慧政策的重要里程碑。二方面，本文將分析英國人工智慧政策發展的特點與挑戰。英國作為人工智慧發展的領先國家，可對臺灣人工智慧政策的發展提供參考。特別是，本研究將檢視英國「人工智慧部門政策」。「人工智慧部門政策」，為英國首次針對人工智慧投入大規模資金與具體行動的政策。該政策評估英國發展人工智慧的優勢與劣勢，並提出策略性與集中性的發展方針，值得我國參考借鏡。三方面，本文透過歐盟與英國的個案比較分析，歸納歐盟與英國經驗對我國人工智慧政策的啟發與政策建議。歐盟作為超國家組織，英國則為主權國家，歐盟與英國的兩個個案，可對國際合作與國家層面的人工智慧政策發展，提供比較性的分析研究。補正完畢TW
Dual bulk and surface passivation of 3D perovskite solar cells using zwitterionic molecules
No full textDefect passivation plays a pivotal role in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), effectively mitigating non-radiative recombination and significantly enhancing their photovoltaic performance and stability. Herein, the zwitterionic molecule cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) was introduced into 3D triple-cation lead mixed-halide (CsFAMA) perovskite films, enabling dual bulk and surface passivation. The quaternary ammonium group in CAPB established electrostatic interactions with iodine ions in PbI2, while its carboxylate and amide C=O groups coordinated with Pb2+ ions, effectively suppressing non-radiative recombination. Devices incorporating CAPB achieved a notable maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.47 % and demonstrated exceptional humidity resistance, retaining 98 % of their initial PCE after 4,080 h under 25 °C and 50 % relative humidity. Additionally, hydrogen bonds formed between the carboxylate C=O, amide C=O, and N-H groups in CAPB and the N-H groups of amines effectively mitigated amine volatilization at elevated temperatures. As a result, CAPB-based devices maintained 93 % and 80 % of their original PCE after 1,872 h at 65 °C and 85 °C, respectively. The successful integration of CAPB for dual bulk and surface passivation underscores its significant potential in advancing photovoltaic technologies.補正完畢TW
中央與地方政策衝突分析-以行政院2019年廢止印花稅案為例
No full text本研究以為何具有行政與立法優勢的民進黨政府，未能在2019年達成廢止印花稅案為研究旨趣並分析三項問題：第一，工商團體對於印花稅的政策喜好為何？第二，主管機關與朝野立委如何藉既有制度和程序而影響廢止印花稅案？第三，中央與地方為何因廢止印花稅案而引發政策衝突？理論分析架構以倡導聯盟架構為準並採質性途徑的個案研究法，彙整立法院公報、政府新聞稿與新聞報導，以及統計2011~2018印花稅佔各縣市自籌財源比的數據等資料，分析相關行動者的主張與策略。研究發現：第一，工商團體把握美中貿易戰的政策窗時機，成功倡議讓行政部門認同廢除印花稅的主張；第二，法制結構因素限制中央不能片面決定影響地方的法定稅收，而保障地方應有權益。在野黨把握地方縣市均反對的民意與審查總預算案的機會，在立院財委會利用主決議的議事策略延宕審查的時機；第三，廢除印花稅衝擊地方自籌財源，行政院以計劃型補助款代之，又未必滿足地方縣市需求性與自主性，因此中央與地方必然發生政策衝突。補正完畢TW
High-Sensitivity Magnetoresistive Sensor With Optimized Orthogonal Exchange Bias for Low-Field Measurement
No full textAn MTJ-based magnetoresistive sensor that combines optimized orthogonal exchange bias with a previously proposed magnetic flux guiding structure is studied for improved overall performance. Due to the orthogonal exchange bias, the magnetoresistive sensor exhibits reduced hysteresis, which results in improved reversibility and linearity. On the other hand, high sensitivity is still achievable owing to the magnetic flux guiding structure and double-staged magnetic flux concentrators (MFCs). At room temperature, with double-staged MFCs, the sensitivity of the studied sensor is as high as %/mT at zero field, and the detectivity is about 23 pT/Hz at 1 Hz and about 2.3 pT/Hz at 100 Hz. The improved overall performance demonstrates great potential for application of the studied sensor in low-field measurement with high sensitivity at room temperature.補正完畢US
Differential effects of leadership support and teacher collaboration on teacher innovation: Evidence from Taiwan.
No full textThis study opens new avenues for examining the differential effects of leadership support and teacher collaboration on teacher outcomes in the context of curriculum reform. Using a survey design, the study recruited upper secondary school teachers in Taiwan as participants and employed structural equation modeling to test the proposed relationships. The findings reveal that partially mediated models explain how administrative support is linked to two types of teacher innovation through teacher collaboration. However, emotional support is associated only with teacher innovativeness, highlighting its unique role in mobilizing teachers’ psychological resources rather than driving concrete instructional changes. Moreover, both forms of teacher collaboration, professional practice, and exchange and coordination for teaching, positively contribute to teacher innovation, albeit in distinct ways. These results suggest a strategic approach that integrates administrative and emotional support. By providing both structural and psychological resources, school leaders can address teachers’ technical needs, strengthen their professional competencies, and foster positive affective states.補正完畢US
From Digital Anxiety to Empowerment in Older Adults: Cross-Sectional Survey Study on Psychosocial Drivers of Digital Literacy
No full textBackground:
Amid the convergence of global population aging and accelerating digital transformation, older adults’ digital adaptability has emerged as a critical indicator of their quality of life, autonomy, and capacity for successful aging. However, digital disparities, technology-related anxiety, and insufficient support systems continue to hinder older individuals from fully participating in digital society. Particularly in modern family structures—where children often live apart from aging parents—the diminishing role of family support further underscores the importance of broader social influences.
Objective:
This study aims to examine how environmental factors (family support and social influence) and psychological factors (digital anxiety and sense of achievement) are associated with older adults’ intention to use Assistive Digital Tools and Services (ADTS), and how these relationships contribute to the development of digital literacy. Drawing upon an integrative framework that combines constructs from the Technology Acceptance Model, the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, and social cognitive theory, the study also investigates the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying these effects, offering strategic insights to support older adults in moving from social isolation to digital empowerment.
Methods:
A structured questionnaire survey was conducted using a convenience sampling method among adults aged 55 years and older in Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China, yielding 480 valid responses. Structural equation modeling, bootstrapping, and moderation analysis were used to test the proposed integrative framework.
Results:
For both family support and social influence, their associations with digital literacy were fully mediated by ADTS. Higher family support was associated with lower digital anxiety, which in turn correlated with greater intention, while stronger social influence was directly associated with higher intention. Digital anxiety showed a strong negative association with intention; however, this relationship was significantly weaker among those reporting a higher sense of achievement. These findings highlight usage intention as a central pathway through which environmental and psychological conditions are related to digital competence.
Conclusions:
Digital literacy in later life is more than a technical skill set—it represents a vital form of psychological and social capital that empowers autonomy, well-being, and social integration. Strengthening older adults’ intention to engage with digital tools through emotional reinforcement, achievement-oriented experiences, and supportive social environments is key to narrowing the digital divide. Beyond its personal benefits, fostering digital competence contributes to successful aging, which in turn brings profound advantages for families, strengthens community cohesion, and supports national goals in public health, economic participation, and social sustainability. Intergenerational learning initiatives, community-based engagement programs, and leveraging social influence to offset weakened family support can create a more inclusive, resilient, and age-friendly digital ecosystem—one that benefits not only older individuals but society at large.補正完畢US
Tourist safety management: The role of risk reminders in highly aggregated environments
No full text補正完畢US
Why do people continue to play mobile game apps? A perspective of individual motivation, social factor and gaming factor
No full textThis study attempts to identify the possible decisive factors of continuance intention and proposes a research model to predict the intention to continue playing mobile game apps based on the motivation theory and TAM framework. 377 valid respondents were collected by conducting an online survey and Partial Least Square (PLS) technique was applied to test our research model. The statistical results indicate that perceived playfulness (intrinsic motivation), perceived convenience (extrinsic motivation), social influence (social factor) and flow experience (gaming factor) are the significant determinants of continuance intention. Among these determinants, the flow experience is the most significant factor and the second one is intrinsic perceived playfulness. Perceived ease of use, does not affect continuance intention directly, but indirectly through perceived convenience and perceived playfulness.補正完畢TW