Asia Pacific Academy of Science Pte. Ltd.
Not a member yet
3612 research outputs found
Sort by
Study of waste management treatment facilities using advanced Membrane Bio Reactor (MBR) technology
Full text linkSewage treatment plays a crucial role in sustainable urban and industrial development. This study focuses on the generation and treatment of sewage from residential, institutional, commercial, and industrial sources, distinguishing between grey water and black water. While grey water is relatively easier to treat, conventional practices in India merge both streams for processing. This research evaluates the application of advanced Membrane Bio Reactor (MBR) technology in a Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) at an industrial township in Andhra Pradesh, India, to achieve Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD). The study demonstrates the significant efficiency of MBR technology in removing contaminants, with Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) reduced from 350 mg/L to 20 mg/L, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) from 650 mg/L to 50 mg/L, and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) from 150 mg/L to 4 mg/L. Additionally, oil and grease levels decreased from 19 mg/L to 4 mg/L, and total nitrogen dropped from 45 mg/L to 10 mg/L. These results affirm the effectiveness of MBR in producing high-quality treated water suitable for irrigation and toilet flushing. The research involved systematic sampling of influent and effluent wastewater over a set period, employing analytical methods like spectrophotometry and chromatography. Key operational parameters such as flux rate, transmembrane pressure (TMP), sludge retention time (SRT), and hydraulic retention time (HRT) were monitored to optimize efficiency. Comparative analysis with conventional treatment methods highlights MBR’s advantages, including superior pollutant removal, reduced footprint, and lower energy consumption. Real-time sensors and lab-scale MBR setups were used for continuous data collection and statistical analysis, confirming MBR’s effectiveness in sustainable wastewater treatment
Research on the causes of flood disasters in typical cities on the mainstream of the Beijiang River: Taking the “22.6” catastrophic flood of the Beijiang River as an example
Full text linkIn recent years, urban flood disasters in China have become increasingly serious. In mid-June 2022, the northern part of Guangdong Province was affected by continuous rainfall, and floods occurred in many rivers in the upper and middle reaches of the Beijiang River in the Pearl River Basin, causing serious floods in many cities, villages, and towns in the basin. Based on the rain and flood processes of these flood disasters and analyses of the specific disaster situations of three typical cities, this paper deeply analyzes the urban water system, vertical topography, etc. The main and secondary causes of flood disasters in the three cities are studied, and the deficiencies in the expansion of cities under different natural geographical conditions are explored through comparisons to address flood disasters. This work provides a basis for the cities to establish flood control systems that are integrated, systematic, and adapted to local conditions
Editorial for Volume 2 Issue 1 of Business and Management Theory and Practice
Full text linkIn Volume 2, Issue 1 of the journal Business and Management Theory and Practice, authors explore hot topics including decision-making strategies, supply chain management technologies, environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues, and corporate carbon emissions. The purpose of this editorial is to offer an analysis of two articles from this issue, “Corporate carbon disclosure: Methods, motivations, and impacts” and “Research on the impact of ESG performance on the investment efficiency of enterprises”, stressing their salient features and ramifications for further study and application
Supporting public and technological innovations through entrepreneurship in Nigeria
Full text linkThis study examines how technological and public innovations cross in Nigeria’s entrepreneurial environment, highlighting the vital role that entrepreneurship plays in fostering innovation. The goal of the study is to have a thorough grasp of how new businesses might improve technology developments and public services in the face of Nigeria’s particular socioeconomic difficulties. A comprehensive search of academic databases, such as Google Scholar, Scopus, Web Science, and JSTOR, was carried out using a systematic literature review process, with an emphasis on peer-reviewed publications, reports, and respectable conference papers published between 2018 and January 2025. Non-peer-reviewed sources and those that did not address the interaction between these domains were excluded, whereas papers that were deemed relevant to entrepreneurship and innovation in Nigeria were included. In order to find trends, obstacles, and success factors related to entrepreneurship and innovation, data extraction entailed identifying important findings, methodology, and case studies. Then, thematic analysis was conducted. According to research, a strong entrepreneurial environment can spur technological and societal improvements, which will ultimately promote sustainable development. In order to foster a climate that encourages innovation-driven entrepreneurship in Nigeria, the paper ends with practical suggestions for stakeholders, entrepreneurs, and legislators
Artificial intelligence in retailing: Strategic implications and key areas of concern
Full text linkWithin the retail industry the continuing introduction of AI is generating considerable excitement. While there is a rapidly growing literature on the role of AI in retailing, how individual retailers have publicly reported on their introduction of AI has attracted little or no attention in the business and management literature. This article makes a contribution to addressing that gap by providing some simple illustrations of how four leading retailers, namely Amazon, Carrefour, J. Sainsbury and Walmart are developing their relationship with AI. The paper concludes that while the four retailers paint a very positive picture of the benefits AI will generate, there are also a number of issues surrounding the increasing use of AI within retailing that will require careful and vigilant management. These include ethical concerns, balancing personalization and privacy, cybersecurity, the upskilling challenges for retailers, impacts on their employees, sustainability and consumption, environmental problems and corporate social responsibility. This is an exploratory paper and is limited to a secondary research focus, but may provide a useful platform for future research endeavors that could include, for example, empirical research on one or more of the large retailers
Amelioration of COVID-19 comorbid depressions via interleukin 6 with agomelatine
Full text linkBackground: Existing research has found that the Spike 2 protein of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is homogenous to the gp41 protein of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1. Postmortem SARS-CoV-2 patients are reported to exhibit microglial activation and expression of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, corroborating with the other in vitro observations. Methods: The translational research draws upon the phenomena from metacognition in dreams to achieve the therapeutic solution conception on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination-induced central nervous system (CNS) cytokine expression. Results: Partial milestones have been achieved with cognitive-behavioral therapy in combination with agomelatine and γ-aminobutyric acid stimulation physical therapy, and the direct evidence suggests that the temporal amelioration was contributed by interleukin 6 inhibition with Agomelatine’s mechanism of action. The photic and nonphotic treatment designs have progressed in the clinical trials by the evidence-based medicine method. Conclusions: The conservation of the circadian CNS function is the main direction for the purpose of the study design progress, and the case study for the participant with Asperger’s Syndrome indicates the correlation of migraine in autism spectrum disorder with interferon-λ
Causal Role of Immune Cells in Gastric Cancer: AMendelian Randomisation (MR) Study
Full text linkBackground: Observational studies have reported an association between immune cells and digestive diseases. We sought to
assess the relationship between immune cells and the risk of gastric malignancy by two-way two-sample Mendelian randomisation
(MR) analysis.
Methods: This study used a comprehensive two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis to determine the causal relationship between immune cells and gastric malignancy (GC). Based on publicly available genetic data, we explored the causal
relationship between 731 immune cell signatures and GC risk. We performed Mendelian randomisation (MR) analyses using
genetic variants strongly associated with neutrophil, lymphocyte, eosinophil, basophil and monocyte counts as instrumental variables (IVs). Comprehensive sensitivity analyses were used to verify the robustness, heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy of
the results.
Results: Two-sample MR analysis revealed that multiple immune cell phenotypes were significantly associated with the risk of
gastric malignancy. Among the phenotypes with low uncorrected p-values, including CD14- CD16- AC (p < 0.001; OR = 0.9730;
95% CI = 0.9598–0.9863); DN (CD4- CD8-) AC (p < 0.001; OR = 1.1483; 95% CI = 1.0607–1.2432); IgD on IgD+ (p < 0.001; OR
= 0.8883; 95% CI = 0.8289–0.9520). Meanwhile, we used Simple mode, Weight median, and Weight mode, all of which led to the
same conclusion. Moreover, in our further analysis, gastric malignancy also had a causal effect on the above immune cell types
when gastric malignancy was used as an exposure factor, and the results were statistically significant.
Conclusion: The study underscores the crucial role of immune cells in GC development, providing key insights for future research. The statistically significant associations between specific immune cell phenotypes and gastric malignancy risk highlight
potential targets for therapeutic interventions aimed at modulating the immune response in GC, thereby opening avenues for
precision medicine approaches in the treatment of this disease
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 and its Potential in the Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems
Full text linkAngiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a zinc metallopeptidase that participates in the metabolism of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) hormones and serves as the entry point for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. This review explores the characteristics of ACE2 as a potential therapeutic target for various conditions, including acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, arterial hypertension, and arrhythmias. The literature highlights that angiotensin II (Ang II), a very active hormone in the RAS, exacerbates these conditions through pro-inflammatory, pro-fibrotic, and oxidative stress-inducing effects. Oxidative stress and immune system overactivation are critical factors in the progression of cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. Ang II is synthesized by ACE and is subsequently converted to angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)) by ACE2, which counter regulates the effects of Ang II. ACE2s importance is observed during SARS-CoV-2 infection, where its association with the spike protein leads to decreased ACE2 levels, increased inflammation and reactive oxygen species, thereby worsening the diseases selected for this review. In conclusion, ACE2 can be a potential therapeutic target due to its ability to mitigate the harmful effects of Ang II, offering potential benefits in the treatment and prevention of different diseases
Research progress in cultural relic material analysis based on portable hyperspectral instrument
Full text linkCultural relics carry splendid civilizations, inherit historical culture, and are precious heritage of all mankind. Due to the preciousness of cultural relics, which are non-renewable, and the basic principle of cultural relic protection with minimal intervention, non-destructive analysis technology has always been the most important technical means of material analysis in the research of cultural relic production technology, deterioration mechanism, and protection and restoration. Therefore, the research and development and application of new non-destructive analysis technology is an important research direction for the protection and utilization of cultural relics. In recent years, portable hyperspectral spectrometers originated from the field of remote sensing have shown great application potential in the analysis of cultural relic materials, and have been successfully applied in the restoration of cultural relics such as stone ancient buildings and paintings. As a non-invasive spectral technology that does not require sampling, the portable hyperspectral instrument can obtain a full-band, high-resolution reflectance spectrum covering the visible light-near infrared-shortwave infrared band (350–2500 nm) in a very short time. At the same time, it is highly portable and has no special requirements for the working environment, light source, etc. It can be used in situ at the site of field cultural relics or ruins. In addition, while collecting spectral data, remote sensing technology can also be used to achieve remote transmission and analysis of data. The above technical characteristics give it unique application advantages in the analysis of cultural relics materials. Based on the basic principles of spectral technology, this paper first introduces the equipment models and performance indicators of portable ground feature hyperspectral instruments commonly used in the analysis of cultural relics materials. Secondly, it carefully sorts out its application status in the qualitative and quantitative analysis of organic/inorganic cultural relics materials, analysis of cultural relics protection materials, and in-situ and real-time monitoring of cultural relics restoration in the past decade. After that, it discusses in depth the two key issues that affect the application effect of this technology, namely the specification of spectral preprocessing and the establishment of a standard spectral library. Finally, it looks forward to the development trend of this technology, and it is expected to have broad prospects in the analysis of fragile organic cultural relics, the combined application of multiple analysis techniques and quantitative analysis research
Generalization of a variant of k-plane trees
Full text linkEnumeration of plane trees and noncrossing trees was recently unified by considering d-dimensional plane trees in which ordinary plane trees are 1-dimensional plane trees and noncrossing trees are 2-dimensional plane trees. Also, recently variants of k-plane trees and k-noncrossing trees were introduced and enumerated according to number of nodes, root degree, label of the eldest or youngest child of the root, length of the leftmost path and number of forests with a given number of components. In this paper, we have generalized a variant of k-plane trees and k-noncrossing trees to a d-dimensional version and obtained closed formulas for the trees based on the aforementioned parameters. We have used symbolic method to find the generating functions, obtained the right substitution to solve the generating functions and applied Lagrange-Bürmann inversion to obtain the formulas. The results of this paper unify known results in the counting of k-plane trees and k-noncrossing trees