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Preventive Mechanism of HAP Repair Coatings on the Enamel Surface on Caries in Rats with Oral Infection
Get PDFBackground: Dental caries, a prevalent oral disease, has long been a focal point of research in dentistry concerning its prevention and treatment. While hydroxyapatite (HAP) repair coatings and sodium fluoride solutions are commonly employed for combating dental caries, but their effectiveness and underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. This study aims to investigate the preventive impact of hydroxyapatite repair coatings on oral infectious caries in rats. Methods: To create an oral infectious caries model, a total of 35 Wistar rats were selected. After the selection process, 30 rats successfully were established as the model. These rats were randomly divided into three distinct groups for treatment purposes. The first group was the physiological saline group, where the surface of teeth was gently wiped with cotton soaked in physiological saline. The second group was the sodium fluoride group, in which the surface of the teeth was wiped with cotton soaked in sodium fluoride solution. The third group was the experimental group, where the surface of the teeth, previously corroded by acid, was treated with HAP paste. The treatment was performed once a week for a total of four weeks. To evaluate the effectiveness of each treatment, the colony count and Keyes score were recorded. Furthermore, the morphology of the tooth surface for each group was closely observed using an electron microscope. Results: Based on the experimental results, the experimental group showed significant improvement after four weeks of treatment. The colony count revealed a significant decrease in the number of Streptococcus mutans in the experimental group (p < 0.05). Additionally, the Keyes score demonstrated that the experimental group had significantly lower scores in the enamel (E)-level and slight dentinal (Ds)-level on the smooth surface of caries compared to both the sodium fluoride group and the saline group, with statistical significance (p < 0.05). At the moderate dentin (Dm)-level, the experimental groups scores were significantly lower than those of the control group (p < 0.05). The electron microscopy results showed that the experimental group exhibited a marked enhancement in the surface structure of the teeth. Specifically, the experimental group displayed shallow demineralization areas and a reduced number of cavities compared to the sodium fluoride group and the physiological saline group. Furthermore, the experimental group showed a superior ability to inhibit dental caries, indicating its potential as a promising solution for dental health. Conclusions: The application of HAP repair coatings has demonstrated a substantial reduction in the population of Streptococcus mutans within the oral cavity of rats, with no significant difference in the degree of damage on smooth and cracked surfaces of caries compared to the sodium fluoride group. Electron microscopy observations showed that HAP repair coatings can protect the surface of enamel from acid erosion and abrasion. These results suggest the promising potential of HAP restorative coatings in the prevention of dental caries and provide novel directions for future clinical practice
Insights into the Role of the PI3K/AKT Pathway in Regulating Ferroptosis in Central Nervous System Diseases
No full textFerroptosis is a form of iron-dependent cell death that differs from apoptosis. Key characteristics of cells undergoing ferroptosis include iron overload, lipid peroxidation, glutathione (GSH) depletion, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression inhibition, and cystine/glutamate antiporter system Xc- damage. Ferroptosis is common in nervous system diseases. The phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) is a classic intracellular signal transduction pathway that responds to extracellular signals and promotes proliferation, growth, metabolism, and angiogenesis. The imbalance of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway might lead to a series of diseases. Although there have been many studies on the role of this signaling pathway in central nervous system (CNS) diseases, the impact of this axis on mediating ferroptosis in CNS diseases has not been summarized. In this review, we will elucidate the role of PI3K/AKT in mediating ferroptosis in several main CNS diseases, including ischemic stroke (IS), intracranial cerebral hemorrhage (ICH), Alzheimers disease (AD), Parkinsons disease (PD), and glioblastoma (GBM), to provide valuable insights for both clinical endeavors and scientific investigations in the future
TNFRSF18 Promotes the Proliferation of Breast Cancer Cells by Inhibiting UBL3
No full textObjective: The study aims to investigate the role of Glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily 18 (TNFRSF18, also called GITR) in the proliferation and migration of breast carcinoma cells. Methods: A total of 94 patients with breast carcinoma who underwent surgical excision were enrolled in this study. Cancer tissues and para-cancer tissues were obtained during the operation. Human breast carcinoma cell lines MCF-7 plus MDA-MB-231 were cultivated and transfected. The mRNA or protein levels of TNFRSF18, ubiquitinated-like protein 3 (UBL3), CyclinD1, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in breast cancer, para-cancer tissues, MCF-7 cells, and MDA-MB-231 cell lines were quantified using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) or western blot analysis. Cell proliferation activity was assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The interaction between TNFRSF18 and UBL3 was verified by immunoluciferase reporter assay. Results: The levels of TNFRSF18 in breast cancer samples were remarkably higher than those in para-cancer samples (p < 0.001). Conversely, the mRNA and protein levels of UBL3 in cancer tissues were significantly lower than those in normal samples (p < 0.001). Both TNFRSF18 and UBL3 mRNA levels were found to be correlated with clinical stage, histological grade, as well as expression levels of the nuclear protein Ki67 and Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), respectively. TNFRSF18 overexpression was observed to enhance the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell lines (p < 0.05). Conversely, inhibition of TNFRSF18 or overexpression of UBL3 led to a decrease in the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell lines. Furthermore, an immunoluciferase reporter assay confirmed that UBL3 was a target of TNFRSF18 and was negatively regulated by TNFRSF18. The inhibitory effect of TNFRSF18 downregulation on MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell proliferation was reversed by UBL3 knockdown. Conclusions: The expression of TNFRSF18 is upregulated, while UBL3 expression is downregulated in breast carcinoma samples. TNFRSF18 promotes the proliferation of breast cancer by suppressing UBL3
Comprehensive Analysis of Prognostic Factors and Immune Infiltration in the CMTMs Family in Human Pancreatic Cancer
No full textBackground: The chemokine-like factor-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing family (CMTMs), a newly identified gene family, has been associated with reproduction, immunity, and the development of various cancer types, among other regulatory mechanisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between CMTM expression levels and prognosis and immune infiltration in pancreatic cancer. Methods: We comprehensively analyzed the prognosis and immune infiltration of pancreatic cancer patients associated with the CMTMs using online databases such as Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), Kaplan-Meier (KM) Plotter, cBioPortal, Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER), Gene Multiple Association Network Integration Algorithm (GeneMANIA), Search Tool for Recurring Instances of Neighbouring Genes (STRING), and Metascape. Results: The results indicate that CMTM family genes are involved in multiple biological pathways in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) patients. Chemokine-like factor (CKLF), CMTM1, CMTM2, CMTM3, and CMTM6 were negatively correlated with overall survival (OS) in PAAD patients, whereas low expression of CMTM1, CMTM3, CMTM6, and CMTM7 was associated with favorable recurrence-free survival (RFS). With the exception of CMTM8, the expression levels of other members of the CMTM family correlated with the infiltration of various immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Conclusions: This research highlights that members of the CMTMs serve as potential prognostic markers for pancreatic cancer and suggests avenues for further immunotherapy investigation
Acute Changes in Fatty Acid Binding Protein 2 (FABP2) and Cluster of Differentiation 14 (CD14) Post-Supplementation with Freeze-Dried Kale versus Peas in Women with Obesity
No full textBackground: Evidence on the metabolic effects of functional foods such as kale and peas are limited in the Middle East, particularly in Saudi Arabia where obesity rates are high. We hypothesize that short term freeze-dried kale supplementation is superior to freeze-dried peas in improving indices of fatty acid binding protein 2 (FABP2) and cluster of differentiation (CD14) post-supplementation in Arab women with obesity. The present study aims to determine the acute impact of a two-week supplementation of freeze-dried kale versus freeze-dried peas in improving metabolic indices and gut-barrier function among obese Arab women. Methods: A total of 124 Saudi women with obesity were allocated to receive either freeze-dried kale (n = 62) or freeze-dried peas (n = 62) given in the form of 3-gram sachets three times daily for two weeks. Anthropometric measurements, 24-hr dietary recall, glucose, lipids and markers of gut barrier function were assessed at baseline and post-intervention. Results: A significant reduction in total caloric intake was observed in the kale group and not in the pea group overtime (p-values 0.02 and 0.38, respectively). This decrease in caloric intake in the kale group potentially explains the favorable weight loss observed (p = 0.01). Beneficial metabolic changes in terms of decreased triglycerides (p < 0.01) and glucose (p = 0.02) were also observed independent of weight loss in the kale group. These benefits were also noted in participants in the pea group [decreased total cholesterol (p < 0.01) and glucose (p = 0.02)], but without weight loss. Both groups achieved a decrease in their waist-hip ratio overtime with increased levels of FABP2 and CD14 post-supplementation, suggesting an enhanced gut barrier function. Conclusion: Both freeze-dried kale and pea supplementation appeared to improve gut health by increasing levels of FABP2 and CD14, however kales additional health benefits in this study may arise due to its apparent natural appetite-suppressing effects, potentially leading to a reduction in daily caloric intake and weight loss. Clinical Trial Registration: The protocol has been registered in https://clinicaltrials.gov/ (NCT04904601)
Stochastic dynamics mass spectrometric structural analysis of nucleotides
Get PDFThe paper deals with innovative equations tackling exactly stochastic dynamics mass spectrometric experimental variable intensity of peak per span of scan time. They overcome limitations of classical methods for semi-quantifying analytes developed, so far, and exactly grasp observable variables and their fluctuations; thus, succeeding in determining analytes reliably both quantitatively and 3D structurally via soft ionization mass spectrometry. Given the paper’s goal of illustrating their crucial effect on mass spectrometric methodology as an irreplaceable approach to structurally analyse species, this study offers stochastic dynamics-based analysis of nucleotides. The major contribution is providing empirical justification of aspects of structural mass spectrometry analysing uridines and pseudouridines. The virtual identity of fragmentation patterns causes significant analytical challenges. The same is true for methyl-substituted guanosines which are often determined as mixtures. There are used ultra-high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, high accuracy computational static and molecular dynamics methods, and chemometrics. The study discusses controversial aspects of classical techniques. It illustrates how the innovative equations resolve disputable problems of structural analysis of nucleotides. It supports advanced formulas for achieving superior performances. There are obtained coefficients of linear correlation |r| = 0.9994–0.99923 determining N1-methyl-pseudouridine modified diphosphate compared with 5-methyluridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine. There are determined N2,N2-dimethylguanosine, uridine, pseudouridine, 5-methyl-uridine, 1-methyl-pseudouridine, 5,6-dihydrothymidine, galactosyl-queuosine, mannosyl-queuosine, adenosine, 2’-O-methyl-5-hydroxymethylcytidine, uridine triphosphate, thymidine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine, 5-methyluridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine, and 7-methylguanosine-5’-phosphate modified derivative, respectively
Brand strengthening of the local wisdom “traditional drink arak—Bali” to support tourism in Indonesia
Get PDFArak is the name given to the alcoholic fermented beverage in Bali. With a total of 422 unique product varieties registered annually, Bali Province is the primary producer of Arak in Indonesia, as mentioned by the FDA. The main producer of Arak in Indonesia is Bali Province, which consistently registers a total of 422 distinct product varieties each year. Balinese arak, as a traditional local commodity, is ingested to provide body warmth prior to physical exertion and possesses a delicate flavor. It is frequently offered during religious rituals. The legality of this beverage, despite its alcohol content, is established by Bali Governor Regulation Number 1 of 2020, which pertains to the management of Balinese fermented and/or distilled drinks. The aim of this study is to analyze the challenges in enhancing the brand and legality of Balinese Arak as a representation of traditional and indigenous Balinese knowledge in the fields of tourism and hospitality. Objects of this qualitative study were the villages of North and East Duda in Karangasem Regency in Bali Province. The data was gathered by conducting comprehensive interviews with 18 stakeholders, including Arak artisans, the Head of the Duda Villages, the director of the distributor company, and managers of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDES). They are responsible for producing, packaging, and distributing the products as local brand stuff. The research findings indicate that government stakeholders, business organizations, MSMEs, and social and religious communities collectively contribute significantly to enhancing the brand and legality of Balinese Arak as a local wisdom product that benefits the tourism and hospitality industries. The implications of this research offer stakeholders and MSMEs guidance on how to innovate and ensure the legality of Balinese local wisdom products
Exploring climate change vulnerability and adaptation among smallholder farmers in Nangarhar, Afghanistan: A social-ecological systems perspective
Get PDFClimate change vulnerability and adaptation strategies for smallholder farmers in Afghanistan are critical issues that require urgent attention from national, regional, and global climate-savvy stakeholders. This study investigates the climate change perception and adaptation strategies of smallholder farmers in Nangarhar province, utilizing the social-ecological systems perspective. The study employs a qualitative research design, conducting 11 semi-structured interviews with smallholder farmers to explore their lived experience about climate change, adaptation challenges, and indigenous coping strategies. The study used thematic analysis to examine the collected data. The analysis revealed several key themes that emerged from the data, namely climate change perception, adaptation challenges, indigenous coping strategies, government support and intervention, crop-specific impact, economic impact and livelihood, information sources and communication channels, and concerns about floods. The study highlights the challenges faced by farmers, including difficulties in crop production, limited access to quality inputs, and the adverse effects of drought on agricultural productivity. The findings underscore the importance of developing effective adaptation strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change on the agricultural sector and the livelihoods of smallholder farmers in Afghanistan. The study contributes to the understanding of the vulnerability of smallholder farmers to climate change and the importance of enhancing their adaptive capacity, with a specific focus on conflict-affected agrarian regions like Afghanistan
40-year history: The development of agricultural research in China-a case study from one long-term experimental station
Get PDFOver the past few decades, advancements in agricultural science and technology have driven significant changes in China’s agriculture. This study uses the Wuqiao Experimental Station, established in 1983 in the North China Plain, as a case study to explore the trajectory of regional agricultural research in China over the past 40 years. By analyzing the keywords of all articles produced at this station, the study reveals shifts in research focus, methods, and agricultural practices over time. The analysis shows that the focus of agricultural research has shifted from yield-centered agricultural production and management (APM) to sustainability-oriented agroecology and environment (AE). Additionally, crop research has deepened, evolving from basic crop management to more detailed studies of plant anatomy, physiology, and advanced methods, including high-throughput sequencing and big data analysis. Despite these advances, concerns have emerged regarding the narrowing of research scope to a limited number of crops, primarily wheat and maize, which may reduce agricultural resilience. Furthermore, while research output has increased, a disconnect persists between scientific research and real-world agricultural challenges, such as heat stress and crop quality. This gap underscores the importance of ensuring that agricultural research remains relevant and addresses pressing issues related to food security and environmental sustainability. This study highlights the need to expand crop diversity, integrate sustainable practices, and adopt cutting-edge research methods to ensure the future resilience of China’s agricultural systems. The findings provide valuable insights into trends and future directions in agricultural research in China, emphasizing the importance of a balanced approach to addressing current and future challenges