Gusau International Journal of Management and Social Sciences
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Cost of Capital and Investment Efficiency: A Critical Review of Empirical Literature
Full text linkThis paper reviewed relevant empirical research works on the association between cost of capital and corporate investment efficiency by adopting critical review approach. Data for the review are sourced from relevant journal articles published over fourteen (14) years (2010 -2023). The data generated was analyzed using percentages and chart counts. Based on the analysis and discussion of results from the reviewed works, the findings of the paper are that both cost of equity and overall cost of capital exert positive influence on underinvestment. The effect of cost of equity on underinvestment is significant in non-state-owned firms. Regarding influence of cost of capital on Overinvestment, the paper found that cost of equity exerts negative effect on overinvestment and that the effect is significant in state-owned firms. However, the paper found that positive relationship exists between overall cost of capital and overinvestment. Consistent with the summary of findings, the paper concluded that Issue-Invest Decision theory best suits and explain the relationship between cost of capital and investment efficiency, and so an increase in the overall cost of capital or in any of its components (that is, cost of equity and cost of debt) will result in more failure to undertake viable investment projects by both state-owned and non-state-owned firms. In line with the conclusions drawn, this paper recommended that corporate firms should be reviewing and analyzing key factors determining their cost of capital. They should be giving special attention to the compelling need for minimizing the level of asymmetric information between them and their capital providers. Thus, apart from modest contribution to extant literature on COC and IE, this paper provides critical analysis and examination of the literature. It also influences the way in which corporate firms view COC and its effect on investment efficiency thereby impacting on their decision regarding COC and its determinants
Inventory and Classification of the Existing Geomorphosite Resources for Sustainable Tourism Development in the Kano-Nigeria
Full text linkLack of adequate inventory of the existing geomorphosite resources and their classification is among the major challenges of geoheritage development in Kano State. This study aimed to provide an inventory and classification of the existing geomorphosite resources in the state. Information pertaining to potential landscapes was sourced from the Kano State Tourism Master Plan (2007), Kano State Tourism Master Plan and Strategic Plan (2013), oral narration, journals and previous researches were used to collect their coordinates using hand-held Global Position System (GPS) Garmin eTrex H and analyze them based on their functions to local communities. Data were also collected through an interview on issues related to functions of the landscape to the early sellers of the local community. The result indicated that, there are 55 existing geomorphosite resources in the state. Religious and Cultural landscapes are the major classification of geomorphosites in the area. A proper update of potential geomorphosite resources in the state should be done in due course. Government, private sector and individuals should gear up towards developing geomorphosite resources in the state. Government, private individuals and Nongovernmental organization should utilize the existing geomorphosites in the promotion of geoheritage, geo-education and geo-conservation. Government, private individuals and NGO through partnership should put more efforts into the development of geological heritage through the provision of basic facilities necessary for the promotion of the sites
An Analysis of Demographic and Occupational Categories at Risk of Diabetes in Metropolitan Kano, Nigeria
Full text linkThis study is aimed to analyze the influence of age, sex and occupational categories as risk factors of diabetes mellitus in Kano Metropolitan Kano, Nigeria. The study was conducted from January, 1st 2005 to December 31st 2014 covering the period of about ten years and examined a total of 8126 diabetic case files. Purposive sampling was used in selecting the facilities. A total of four health facilities were identified and selected for the purpose of this study. The facilities are Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital MMSH, Muhammad Abdullahi Wase University Teaching Hospital, Sheikh Muhammad NJidda General Hospital and Waziri Shehu Gidado General Hospital. The following data were sourced from the case files: date admitted in to the facility, occupation, sex, age and address. Arc GIS 10.2 software was used to generate the spatial maps. However, Chi-square test was used in testing the hypotheses using Statistical Package for Social Science 20.0. The result indicated that demographic and occupational categories of people at risk of diabetes significantly varied in Metropolitan Kano. Therefore, there is significant difference in the number of diabetes mellitus cases among the age groups. The most affected age groups are from Kano municipal local government and falls within the age group of 56-60 years with total cases of 197 (2.4%). Also, the findings revealed there is significant difference in the number of diabetes mellitus cases between the gender groups, with men having high cases of diabetes mellitus. The study further revealed that there is significant difference in the number of diabetes cases among the occupational categories with house wives accounted for the highest cases of 1946 cases (23.9%), followed by civil servants recorded the least number of 1035 cases (12.7%) in Kano metropolis. The State governments should establish, staffed and fund testing and counseling centers at all levels of primary health care centers across the state. Ministry of health and diabetic association of Nigeria should organize routine public enlightenment programmes specifically targeting the most vulnerable age, gender and occupational groups. However, long term intervention strategy should be directed towards establishing diabetic speciality hospitals in Metropolitan Kano
Absorptive Capacity and Organisational Performance: An Empirical Study of a Public Organisation in Delta State, Nigeria
Full text linkStudies on a relationship between absorptive capacity and organisational performance has not been fully exhausted, as organisations operate in an environment marked by high changes and complexities. Absorptive capacity enables organisations to integrate, transform, and use external knowledge with the goal of improving the way they perform in dynamic and complex environments. Furthermore, the concept of organisational performance is multifaceted, and the managerial focus on each element may account for variations in performance across different organisations. Building on these arguments, the study aimed to examine the absorptive capacity's direct and indirect relationship with organisational performance, specifically employee adaptive performance and innovation performance. The study also put into perspective the mediating role of strategic flexibility, a construct that defines how well organisations align external knowledge with internal resources and capabilities to achieve desired outcomes. The study adopted the cross-sectional survey of 123 mid-level employees randomly selected from the Delta State Ministry of Health using a well-structured questionnaire. This ministry operates in highly dynamic and volatile environments where adaptation is necessary to respond to the numerous health challenges and threats affecting the overall wellbeing of society. The study analysed the data collected from February to March 2024 with the partial least squares method. It found that absorptive capacity has a significant and positive direct and indirect relationship with organisational performance, which includes employee performance and innovation performance. Strategic flexibility facilitated this indirect relationship, exerting a greater influence on the organisational performance proxies. The study concluded that strategic flexibility can partially explain the relationship between absorptive capacity and organisational performance
Effect of Health Expenditure on Health Outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa
Full text linkThis paper examined the effect of health outcomes on economic growth in Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. With the objective of improving health outcomes, these countries have appropriated and allocated huge resources to health sector by increasing health expenditure significantly over time. However, in spite of these financial commitments to health industry, health outcomes have only shown slight response, raising questions about this significance of health expenditure in improving health outcomes across the region. The data for this paper was sourced from a sample of 45 SSA countries in the 2024 World Bank data base. The paper was based on the Grossman Human Capital Model on the demand for health, and a fixed effect model was estimated to investigate the effect of health expenditure on health outcomes. The findings revealed that public, private and external health expenditures have negative and statistically significant effects on infant mortality, but have positive and statistically significant effects on life expectancy. The fixed effects showed that public, private and external health expenditures are important in reducing infant mortality by 0.0235%, 0.0257% and 0.2270%; while fixed effects showed that public, private and external health expenditures are important in increasing life expectancy by 0.0119%, 0.00678% and 0.0578. The paper concluded that there is substantial effect of health expenditure on health outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa. Expenditure on health causes infant mortality rate to decline while it increases life expectancy at birth. The paper recommended coordinating efforts on initiatives that include raising public health spending for countries seeking to enhance their per capita income and augmenting their health-related human capital stocks
Niger Delta Women Adaptive Measures against Oil Spillage: Interventions & Effectiveness
Full text linkThe study examined the plight of Niger Delta women living in oil-spills polluted environment. As survival strategies, these women adopted various approaches such as protest, community- based women organisations, appeals etc, to seek government interventions. The study was necessitated by the fact that despite many years of agitations against environmental degradation and its socio-economic impacts on the residents, no remarkable improvement has been seen in the living conditions of the Niger delta women who bear most of the brunt of the oil spillages, given their relationship with the environment. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of these interventions and coping strategies adopted by these women against the challenges of oil spillages. The Environmental Kuznets Curve theory (EKC) was adopted to describe the connection between economic activities and environmental depletion. Data was generated from primary and secondary sources. While oral interview was used to obtain primary data, secondary sources include documentaries, books and other online publications. Interviews were conducted on 12 women and 6 men from each part of the Niger Delta mostly affected, especially Ogoni in Rivers, Akwa Ibom and Delta states. Findings show that although protests, advocacies and interventions have taken place, these strategies have left little or no improvement in the living conditions of Niger Delta women. The study therefore concludes that governments, NGOs, Oil companies etc, need to be decisive in adopting more critical and rewarding interventions, to salvage lives in the oil-bearing communities. Among others, the study recommends as follows: Government should focus on service sector economy to reduce pressure on the environment; compensation should follow clearer legal guidelines, equitable compensation processes, and active community engagement to restore livelihood, also oil sabotage should be controlled by engaging perpetrators in meaningful economic activities; there should be functional legislation against criminal elements sabotaging interventions, Oil companies should prioritise compensations to women; and support them with skills acquisition, vocations, while community properly gets engaged for resilience etc
Effects of Non-Verbal Communication in Apparels: Opinion Survey of Adult Public Perception of the Secret Language of Jeans in Asaba Urban Delta, Nigeria
Full text linkThis study examined the effects of non-verbal fashion communication: Opinion survey of adult public perception of the secret language of Jeans in Asaba Urban, Delta, Nigeria. Qualitative and Quantitative methods were used to elicit information. One thousand two hundred (1200) questionnaires were administered and collected. A sample of 400 respondents was drawn from three categories of adults; students, artisans and traders residents in Asaba urban Delta. Data were explored using the statistical packages for Social Science (SPSS) version 2.0 to test for the variation observed in wordless fashion communication. The results revealed that jeans symbolizes references and is accepted by both male and female in the Asaba. It symbolizes social interface (58.33%), cultural context (64.84%) and enhance identity (66.66%). Finally, jeans clothing conformed human body and perceived as a product of identity. This study also revealed that wearing of jeans among the adults has communication modes, social and cultural implications. Generally, perceptions held by Asaba urban residents reflect different value system among demographic strata.  
Navigating the Digital Terrain: Exploring Post-Covid-19 Technology Adoption Dynamics in Nigeria
Full text linkBy investigating the complex effects of technology adoption in Nigeria and offering insight into the dynamic interactions between societal, economic, and technological factors as the global community navigates the post-pandemic era, this study seeks to address significant effects regarding Nigeria's post-COVID-19 technology landscape. The study employed the comprehensive framework, which merged the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Innovation Diffusion Theory, and Structuration Theory as a result of the coherence technology adoption model. The cross-sectional survey design gathered primary data through a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire. A simple random sampling technique was adopted to select and analyse 1040 respondents from nine different sectors of the Nigerian economy. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) v25 was utilised for data screening and descriptive statistics, while, SmartPLS v4.0.9.5 was employed to calculate the inferential statistics. Based on the findings from different sectors within the population under investigation, it is clear that all exogenous variables affect the adoption of the technology. The study recommended that local community involvement in technology adoption, legalisation of cutting-edge sectorial compliance, and the use of computer-based evaluation systems for assessment and instructions across educational sectors should be prioritised by the public and corporate bodies
Vote Trading and Elections in Nigeria: Democracy as an Article of Trade?
Full text linkThis paper is underscored by the commodification and trading of votes in Nigeria which poses a threat to credible elections, democracy, and good governance. Domestic and global studies including election observers have established that there has always been widespread exchange of votes for money in Nigeria. In this regard, this paper looks at the issue of voting commodification in the country with a view to highlighting its attendant implications for present and future elections, democracy, and governance. Using descriptive and content analysis with data gathered through secondary sources the paper sought to answer the following questions: What is behind the narrative of vote trading in Nigeria? Why do politicians buy votes? Why do people sell votes? Is vote trading conditioned by individual beliefs or social norm? What are the consequences of vote trading on governance? What are the possible solutions to the problem? The paper argues that candidates and political parties engage in material gratification and vote trading during elections and that vote trading is propelled by independent, individual decision and mainly driven by material circumstances. It further contends that the more politicians engage in vote buying and gratification the more unstable the electoral process becomes as that prevents credible candidates from running for political office as they may not have the humongous amount required to contest in election. The study concludes that material vote selling and buying, and gratification pose negative tendencies for Nigerian political system, democracy, and good governance if not properly handled. The paper recommends among others taking political financing seriously with the electoral umpire- Independent Electoral Commission (INEC) more proactive in fighting vote trading and the electorates through political education be encouraged to avoid all kinds of inducements from political parties and candidates
A Conceptual Review of the Knowledge and Perceptions of Female Secondary Schools Students towards Obstetric Fistula in Nigeria
Full text linkObstetric fistula is one of the major reproductive health challenges resulting in maternal morbidity and deaths among young women of secondary school age in most parts of Nigeria. Recent statistics from the Federal Ministry of Health indicated that about 12,000 new cases are reported each year and this poses serious threat to women reproductive capacity and fecundity. This study is a conceptual review of the knowledge of and perception factors of the obstetric conditions among female secondary school students in Nigeria. Data were obtained from secondary sources such as scholarly research findings on obstetric fistula by professionals in reproductive health published in on-line academic journals and featured on Google Scholar and Research Gates platforms. in addition to data published by the Federal Ministry of Health. The data provided an up-to-date state of knowledge among secondary school students and their perceptions towards obstetric fistula. Findings revealed that among secondary school students, the level of knowledge about the reproductive health condition was relatively low and their perceptions about the reproductive health condition were influenced by belief systems, health education, psychological factors, social stigmatisation, and socio-cultural norms among others. The study recommends the inclusion of obstetric fistula as an item in the curriculum of one of the health subjects taught in secondary schools to boost the level of knowledge and further moderate female students’ perceptions about the reproductive health condition, among others