Gusau International Journal of Management and Social Sciences
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Trade Liberalization and Real Exchange Rate Nexus in Nigeria
Get PDFOver the years, the perturbation of the RER has been grossly attributed to the liberalization of trade between Nigeria and the rest of the World. Nigeria exports are mainly unprocessed products dominated by crude oil, while the country imports finished products with very high foreign exchange. This has deprived the country of the supposed benefits that come with the depreciation of a national currency like naira. The main objective has been to examine the nexus between the RER and trade liberalization in Nigeria between 1996 to 2021. Cointegration and ECM framework were used. The unit root test by both the ADF and PP revealed that the variables are I(1). The Johansen cointegration test suggests a long run equilibrium relationship among the variables. The parsimonious ECM results revealed that trade liberalization has a positive and significant impact on the RER. This provides an indication that the incremental trade liberalization policies has been a major factor that led to the depreciation of the RER. The low production base of the Nigerian economy has been responsible for little benefits from trade liberalization. The TOT has positive and significant impact on the RER. The GEX has a positive and significant impact on the RER. The statistical significance of the ECM which has a negative sign indicates that about 13 percent of the errors are corrected at each period. To stabilize the RER, exports of processed commodities to boost exports earnings is recommended amongst others
Prevalence and Pattern of Elder Abuse in Awe, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Get PDFViolence against the elderly is a serious public health problem, a silent epidemic that is often a neglected by the society. Such abuses did not only stop at reducing quality of life of the elderly, in extreme cases, they even result in death. The study was aimed at investigating the prevalence and pattern of elder abuse in Awe, Nasarawa state, Nigeria. Descriptive research design was used for the study; Systematic sampling technique was employed to select a sample of 330 respondents for the study and structured pretested questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents, where 91% (300) of the questionnaires were successfully retrieved and descriptive statistical tools were used to analyze the data. From the result, 48.3% were aged between 60-65 years, 69% were females, 40.7% were Hausa by ethnic extraction and 64% had Secondary School Certificate/Grade II as highest educational qualification. Most of the respondents (93.7%) experienced elder abuse, 75.8% reported the experience of psychological abuse, 56.2% experienced physical abuse, 55.5% experienced financial exploitation and only 30.6% reported the experience of sexual abuse. Based on intensity, majority of cases of physical abuse were of moderate intensity (73.5%) and only 5% were severe, 71.5% of the respondents reported the experience of severe psychological abuse, 35.2% experienced severe neglect. Of the respondents who experienced sexual abuse, 52% reported moderate abuse and 18.7% reported severe abuse. Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between age and experiences of psychological abuse and neglect (p
<0.05). Being female had a positive correlation with experience of psychological abuse, neglect and sexual abuse (p><0.05). Level of education had a significant negative correlation with experiences of financial exploitation and sexual abuse, while being married had a significant positive correlation with experience of physical abuse. Having a chronic illness had a significant positive correlation with experiences of physical abuse, psychological abuse and neglect (p><0.05). The paper recommends that the public and private sectors should establish nursing homes for the elderly at least one in each LGA to help in shifting the task of care from the immediate family to professionals in a more elderly friendly setting. Also cultural and religious reorientation programmes should be instituted to bring back the traditional social support system that revered the elderly in African societies. >
Effect of Entrepreneurial Education, Entrepreneurial Guidance and Counseling on Entrepreneurial Intentions among Students of Federal College of Education (Technical) Gusau
Get PDFPlethora of studies asserted that women have a lower level of entrepreneurial intentions as compared to men. The study explores the effect of entrepreneurial education on entrepreneurial intentions among students of Federal College of Education (Technical) Gusau Zamfara State based on the theoretical assertions of the theory of planned behaviour. This quantitative study employed cross-sectional research design to obtain data. The study population comprising the total number of students in Federal College of Education (Technical) Gusau is 4726. The sample size of 356 was derived using Krejcie and Morgan Sampling Table. To decrease sampling error, the sample size was doubled to 712. A self-administered questionnaire was used to solicit information from the respondents using a stratified random sampling technique. Data were analysed using Statistical Software for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24 for preliminary analysis while structural equation model (Smart-PLS 3.8) was employed to compute the hypothesized relationships. Entrepreneurial education, guidance, and counselling were shown to have significant impact on entrepreneurial intentions. As a result, students at all levels of education may reactivate their entrepreneurial skills through strong and articulated entrepreneurial instruction, guidance, and counselling services, preparing them mentally for a business endeavour before they leave school. The study recommended that: a well-articulated entrepreneurial education, guidance and counseling should offer more than self-employment that will contribute to national development. Government should create enlightenment and exposure of students to entrepreneurial programmes to increase startups and enabling environment that fosters entrepreneurship development
Effect of Compensation and Organizational Justice on the Academic Staff Performance of F.C.E. Zaria
Get PDFThe success or failure of any college of education is determined by its ability to train and develop its staff into a productive, competent, and skilled worker capable of and willing to work toward these objectives. The study examined the effect of compensation and performance organizational justice on the performance of academic staff of FCE Zaria. A total of 234 academic staff participated in the research. A survey design was used and data were collected by using the instruments adapted from past studies. The study employed Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS[1]SEM) using SMART PLS 3 software. The results of the structural model showed that compensation and organizational justice have a significant positive effect on academic staff performance in FCE Zaria. The study, therefore, recommended social intervention fairness and justice should be exercise in organizational dealings
Determinants of Selection Factors in Strategic Alliance, Organizational Learning, Alliance Background and Firm Performance
Get PDFThis study examines the effect of determinants of selection factors in strategic alliance and firm performance: mediating effect of organizational learning and moderating role of alliance background in financial institutions. The research was carried out using a survey research design, with questionnaires collected from 258 employees of deposit money banks in Nigeria. The findings of the empirical investigation were presented using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). According to the findings, strategic alliance success determinants have no positive significant impact on the performance of the firm. Organizational learning has a positive significant impact on the performance of a firm. Moreover, organizational learning has a full mediating effect on the relationship between determinants of the success factor of strategic alliance and firm performance. Finally, the study reveals no moderating effect of alliance background. Regardless of the onset of success factors of alliance formation firms need to put more effort into developing successful alliance partners for alliance success
Impact of Firm-Level Determinants on Timeliness of Financial Reports among Listed Non-Financial Firms in Nigeria
Get PDFThe study presents empirical findings on the effect of audit firm type and leverage on timeliness of financial report of listed firms in Nigeria. The study formulated two hypotheses, while Panel regression analysis was used as an estimation technique to analyze the data extracted from the annual reports and accounts of the sixty listed companies in Nigeria for the period 2009 to 2019. The study found out that audit firm size and leverage have significant positive relationship with timeliness of financial report with coefficients of 0.12 and 0.11 respectively. It is therefore recommended that that the Big4 audit firms in Nigeria should maintain their reputation by putting measures to ensure quality audit report are readily available on time to stakeholders. In addition, board of directors should scrutinize debt financing and utilization of borrowed funds by the management in order to reduce the level of leverage of their respective firms, this is because an increase in leverage would increase timeliness of financial report of quoted firms in Nigeria
An Analysis of Water, Energy and Food Nexus: A linear and Nonlinear Granger Causality Approach
Get PDFThe nexus between water, energy and food security has drawn attention among researchers and policymakers in recent times. Given that empirical works in the area are scanty, this paper empirically evaluates the water, energy and food security (WEF) relationship using both linear and non-linear Granger causality approach. By employing data for five (5) selected African countries, the results from the linear estimations showed mixed causality between the key variables (Water, Energy, and Food). Evidence of a non-linear causal relationship between the variables was not found because the estimates obtained were predominantly statistically insignificant. The findings of the study indicate the presence of unidirectional linear causality running from Water to Energy, which was found for three countries (Egypt, Nigeria, and South Africa). The study also found the presence of causality running from water to food in South Africa. On the other hand, no evidence of causality between energy and food was found
Barriers in Accessing Healthcare Services by Patients with Disabilities in Nigerian Hospitals
Get PDFDisability has turned several disabled individuals into popular patients easily to be identified, when moving or interacting with other members of society. Disability is not a problem associated with people of a particular nationality, but across the globe and sufferers are rendered incapacitated. The condition of these patients make them perpetual visitors to the hospital for treatment of the existing health challenge, injuries caused by accidents or new symptoms from other diseases. This paper employed qualitative research and analytical approach to gain an insight into the barriers experienced by PWDs in Nigerian hospitals. The source of data was solely secondary, accessed from various academic journals including online articles relevant to the issue. Findings revealed that systemic barriers and attitudes of the healthcare providers affect the access and quality of healthcare services received by PWDs. It was also revealed in this paper the level of healthcare providers’ adherence to the ethics of consent is abysmally poor. The paper recommends the removal of barriers through adequate training of medical staff, proper monitoring of activities, adequate distribution of medical resources, positive attitudes towards patients, among others
The Impact of Commercial Bank Credit on Agricultural Sector in Nigeria (1993-2019)
Get PDFThe study identified poor infrastructure, inadequate financing, lack of appropriate technology, high interest rates, bureaucratic difficulties and unfair conditions required by commercial banks, corruption and nepotism, political instability, difficulty is assessing bank loans, etc. As some of the factors that necessitated this study. In view of these, the research sought to quantifythe nature of relationship between Loan Assessment and Food Security in Nigeria. The study was anchored on the Structural Change Theory by Lewis Arthur (1954), descriptive research and correlational survey design was employed in the study using secondary data. The Ordinary Least Square method of estimation (OLS) was adopted for this study consist of multiple regression.The findings of the study revealed that there was a significant positive relationship between Loan Assessment and Food Security in Nigeria. The study concluded that commercial bank credit has an enormous influence in the agricultural sector as it improved food production in the country through food availability, food access and food utilization. Thus, recommends that commercial banks in Nigeria should make more loan/credit facilities available and accessible to farmers all over the country to sustain the increased agricultural product needs in Nigeria. These funds must be made available to serious minded farmers at affordable interest rates
Does Audit Committee Characteristics Drive Financial Performance? A Case of Nigerian Service Firms
Get PDFThis study was carried out to assess whether audit committee characteristics drive financial performance of publicly quoted service firms in Nigeria. Audit committee characteristic was measured using audit committee size and independence, financial performance by return on equity and earnings per share, while control variable is natural logarithm of total assets. Data were obtained from the annual reports and accounts of sixteen (16) publicly quoted service firms during the period 2012-2019. Multivariate estimation technique was employed in the analysis of data and findings indicated that audit committee characteristics significantly and positively affect financial performance. Moreover, while financial performance measure of return on equity negatively affects the size of firm, earnings per share do not. In view of the findings, it is recommended that the audit committee members should be empowered to be more independent in order to ensure significant audit that can propel financial performance; this would enhance financial performance of publicly quoted companies