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Analisis Kebutuhan Kelas Menengah terhadap Desain Tas Berbasis Kain Tenun Gedog
Get PDFAbstract— Indonesian society is diverse with various segments. One of the segments relevant to the design of fashion products is the division of the social class structure along with the mapping that accompanies each class. The theory that is often used related to social structure is trickle down, where fashion is considered to originate from the upper class society and is then adopted by the middle and lower classes. Trickle down is applied as a theoretical basis in this research based on the dominance of the upper class as consumers of weaving and weaving-based fashion products, especially Tuban gedog weaving in Indonesia. The methods used are interviews, questionnaires, and visual form experiments through the ATUMICS method. The method above produces bag designs that adopts design trends for the upper class, but with some adjustments for the middle class regarding shape, style, color, detail, and decorative elements. The adjustment is intended to answer the needs of middle class consumers in terms of bag design and function, as well as product selling prices. A survey of bag designs at the end of the study shows that the middle class in Indonesia has a different trend from the upper class so that trickle down is not suitable for consumers in Indonesia.
Keywords: middle class, bag design, gedog weaving
Abstrak— Masyarakat di Indonesia bersifat majemuk dengan beragam segmentasi. Salah satu segmentasi yang relevan dengan desain produk mode adalah adanya pembagian struktur kelas sosial beserta pemetaan yang menyertai masing-masing kelas. Teori yang sering digunakan berkaitan dengan struktur sosial adalah trickle down, dimana mode dianggap berasal dari masyarakat kelas atas kemudian diadopsi oleh kelas menengah dan bawah. Trickle down diterapkan sebagai landasan teori dalam penelitian ini berdasarkan dominasi kelas atas sebagai konsumen tenun dan produk mode berbasis tenun, khususnya tenun gedog Tuban di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan adalah wawancara, kuesioner, dan eksperimen bentuk visual melalui metode ATUMICS. Metode diatas menghasilkan rancangan tas yang mengadopsi tren desain bagi kelas atas, namun dengan beberapa penyesuaian untuk kelas menengah terkait bentuk, gaya, warna, detil, dan elemen dekoratif. Penyesuaian tersebut dimaksudkan untuk menjawab kebutuhan konsumen kelas menengah dari segi rancangan dan fungsi tas, serta harga jual produk. Survei terhadap rancangan tas pada akhir penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelas menengah di Indonesia memiliki kecenderungan tren yang berbeda dengan kelas atas sehingga trickle down menjadi kurang sesuai apabila diterapkan untuk konsumen di Indonesia.
Kata kunci: kelas menengah, desain tas, tenun gedo
KANDUNGAN FLAVONOID AKAR TANAMAN SOLANUM TORVUM DALAM PERBAIKAN KADAR SGOT DAN SGPT
Get PDFAbstract—The increase of free radicals can result in an imbalance between antioxidants and free radicals that cause oxidative stress and damage to hepatocyte cells which causes leakage of SGOT and SGPT into blood vessels so that their levels increase. Exogenous antioxidants are needed in balancing high free radicals, one of antioxidant is flavonoids contained in the roots of the Solanum torvum. This study used an experimental type of research in the form of a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) with a post-test only control group design, research on 42 male wistar rats which were divided into 6 groups. Data on SGOT and SGPT levels were obtained from rat blood serum, then the analysis would be carried out using the Anova test and the Independent T-test. This study showed that there were differences in each group (p<0.05). The increase in the dose of the decoction is directly proportional to the improvement in the levels of SGOT and SGPT. This proves the working mechanism of CCl4 in increasing the formation of free radicals and also the mechanism of flavonoids in counteracting free radicals. Solanum torvum root decoction was effective in influencing the improvement of SGOT and SGPT levels in CCL4-induced male wistar rats.
Keyword: antioxidant, SGOT,SGPT, solanum torvum
Abstrak—Peningkatan radikal bebas dapat mengakibatkan ketidakseimbangan antara antioksidan dan radikal bebas yang menyebabkan stress oksidatif. Hal tersebut mengakibatkan kerusakan sel hepatosit yang menyebabkan kebocoran SGOT dan SGPT kepembuluh darah sehingga kadarnya mengalami peningkatan. Antikoksidan eksogen sangat dibutuhkan dalam menyeimbangkan radikal bebas yang tinggi, salah satunya dengan flavonoid yang terkandung pada akar tanaman Solanum torvum. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian eksperimental berupa Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) dengan desain penelitian post-test only control group design pada 42 ekor tikus jantan wistar yang terbagi menjadi 6 kelompok. Data kadar SGOT dan SGPT didapatkan dari serum darah tikus, kemudian akan dilakukan analisis dengan uji Anova dan uji Independent T- test. Penelitian ini menunjukan adanya perbedaan pada setiap kelompok (p<0,05). Peningkatan dosis pemberian hasil rebusan berbanding lurus terhadap perbaikan kadar SGOT dan SGPT. Hal tersebut membuktikan mekanisme kerja CCl4 dalam meningkatkan pembentukan radikal bebas dan juga mekanisme flavonoid dalam menangkal radikal bebas. Dengan demikian diketahui rebusan akar tanaman Solanum torvum efektif dalam mempengaruhi perbaikan kadar SGOT dan SGPT pada tikus jantan wistar yang diinduksi CCL4.
Kata kunci: antioksidan, SGOT, SGPT, solanum torvu
UJI PATOGENISITAS ISOLAT ENTEROBACTER AEROGENES B4 SEBAGAI BIOINSEKTISIDA TERHADAP HAMA KUBIS
Get PDFAbstract—Various efforts have been made to improve the quality of crop production, cabbage was one of them. Cabbage is one of the largest export holticultural commodities in Indonesia. Loss often happened because of insect pests. Armyworm (Spodoptera litura) is one of the pests that are often found in cabbage plants. To handle pest attacks, farmers can replace chemical insecticides uses to bioinsecticides. This study tested the pathogenicity of Enterobacter aerogenes B4 isolates against Spodoptera litura by exposing the isolates through feed and injection. In pathogenicity test through feed, isolates with concentrations of 105, 106, and 107 CFU/mL were used. The highest mortality was found in larva with exposure of isolates with a concentration of 107 CFU/mL as many as 9 caterpillars dies for 6 days. LC50 calculation could not be carried out because the mortality of larva with the highest concentration did not reach 50%. Then in the pathogenicity test through injection, no death was found after exposure for 2 days. The results obtained from both pathogenicity tests were Enterobacter aerogenes B4 isolates were not pathogenic to Spodoptera litura.
Keywords: armyworm (spodoptera litura), bioinsecticide, patogenicity test.
Abstrak—Berbagai macam upaya dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas produksi tanaman, salah satunya kubis. Kubis merupakan salah satu komoditas holtikultura ekspor terbesar di Indonesia. Tak jarang terjadi gagal panen disebabkan oleh serangan hama serangga. Ulat grayak (Spodoptera litura) merupakan salah satu hama yang sering ditemukan pada tanaman kubis. Untuk menangani serangan hama petani dapat beralih dari insektisida kimia menggunakan bioinsektisida. Penelitian ini melakukan uji patogenisitas isolat Enterobacter aerogenes B4 terhadap Spodoptera litura dengan memaparkan isolat melalui pakan dan injeksi. Pada pengujian patogenisitas melalui pakan digunakan isolat dengan konsentrasi 105 , 106 , dan 107 CFU/mL. Didapatkan kematian ulat terbanyak pada ulat dengan paparan isolat konsentrasi 107 CFU/mL sebanyak 9 ekor ulat selama 6 hari. Tidak dapat dilakukan penghitungan LC50 karena kematian ulat dengan konsnetrasi tertinggi tidak mencapai 50%. Lalu pada pengujian patogenisitas melalui injeksi tidak didapatkan kematian ulat setelah paparan selama 2 hari. Hasil yang didapatkan dari kedua pengujian patogenisitas yaitu isolat Enterobacter aerogenes B4 tidak bersifat patogen terhadap Spodoptera litura.
Kata kunci: ulat grayak (spodoptera litura), bioinsektisida, uji patogenisita
Aktivitas Sitotoksik Ekstrak Biji Alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) pada Sel Kanker Payudara dan Serviks Secara In Silico dan In Vitro
Get PDFKanker payudara dan servik merupakan kanker dengan jumlah terbanyak di Indonesia. Kemoterapi sebagai terapi kanker memiliki banyak efek samping, oleh karena itu diperlukan pengembangan obat antikanker terutama dari bahan alam yang efektif dan memiliki efek samping minimal. Salah satu bahan alam yang diprediksi mempunyai aktivitas antikanker adalah biji alpukat (Persea americana Mill.). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan aktivitas sitotoksik ekstrak etanol biji alpukat pada sel kanker payudara dan serviks secara in silico dan in vitro. Senyawa aktif dalam biji alpukat di docking dengan reseptor estrogen (PDB code: 3ERT) and reseptor SIRT1 (PDB code: 4I5I) menggunakan program Molegro Virtual Docker 5.5 (MVD). Aktivitas sitotoksik secara in vitro dilakukan menggunakan metode Microculture Tetrazolium Technique (MTT) pada sel kanker payudara (MCF7), sel kanker serviks (HeLa) dan sel normal (Vero). Biji alpukat berisi 10 senyawa aktif yang diprediksi mempunyai aktivitas sitotoksik. Hasil uji in silico menunjukkan bahwa epicatechin gallate mempunyai nilai rerank score paling rendah yaitu -118,397 kkal/mol pada reseptor estrogen dan -133,694 kkal/mol pada reseptor SIRT1. Aktivitas sitotoksik secara in vitro ditunjukkan dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 537,37 μg/mL (MCF7), 383,21 μg/mL (HeLa) dan 541,67 μg/mL (Vero). Dari hasil uji in vitro menyatakan bahwa ekstrak etanol biji alpukat tidak memiliki aktivitas sitotoksik pada sel kanker MCF7 dan memiliki aktivitas sitotoksik lemah pada sel HeLa.
Breast and cervical cancer are cancers with the highest number in Indonesia. Chemotherapy, as one of the mainstay treatments of cancer, can cause harmful side effects; and, therefore, it is necessary to develop anticancer drug from natural ingredients with good efficacy and minimal side effects. One of the natural ingredients that is predicted to have anticancer activity is avocado seed (Persea americana Mill.). This study aimed to evaluate the in-vitro and in-silico cytotoxic activity of avocado seed extract on breast and cervical cancer cells. The active compounds in avocado seeds were docked with estrogen receptors (PDB code: 3ERT) and SIRT1 receptors (PDB code: 4I5I) using the MVD program. Cytotoxic activity in vitro was carried out using the MTT method on breast cancer cells (MCF7), cervical cancer cells (HeLa) and normal cells (Vero). Avocado seed contains 10 active compounds which are predicted to have cytotoxic activity. The findings from in-silico test showed that the “epicatechin gallate” had the lowest rerank score, i.e. -118.397 kcal/mol for the estrogen receptor and -133.694 kcal/ mol for the SIRT1 receptor. Cytotoxic activity in vitro was shown by IC50 values of 537.37 μg/mL (MCF7), 383.21 μg/mL (HeLa) and 541.67 μg/mL (Vero), respectively. The findings from in-vitro test showed that the avocado seed extract did not have cytotoxic activity on MCF7 cells and had weak cytotoxic activity on HeLa cells
Air Daun Sirih (Piper betle L.) Tidak Berpotensi Memicu Resistensi Sel Escherichia coli pada Dosis Pemakaian Secara Traditional
Get PDFAir rebusan daun sirih (Piper betle L.), disebut juga air sirih, telah lama digunakan masyarakat di Indonesia. Pemakaian air sirih secara terus-menerus menimbulkan kekhawatiran pada muculnya bakteri yang resisten, seperti pada kasus paparan bakteri dengan minyak pinus. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui potensi terjadinya perubahan kepekaan sel Escherichia coli setelah dipaparkan air sirih dengan kadar yang umum digunakan oleh masyarakat (5% b/v). Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan pemaparan sel E. coli dengan air sirih 5% b/v, mulai dari generasi 0 hingga generasi ke-130. Uji konfirmasi ada tidaknya perubahan kepekaan sel terhadap air sirih dilakukan dengan penentuan kadar hambat minimum dan hambatan pertumbuhan sel dengan metode difusi agar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sel pada generasi ke-0, 10, 40, 110, dan 130 tidak terhambat pertumbuhannya oleh air sirih walaupun densitas sel setelah terpapar air sirih dari generasi ke-0 hingga ke-130 cenderung mengalami penurunan. Zona hambatan pertumbuhan sel dari semua generasi terhadap antibiotik imipenem, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin dan ampicilin juga tidak berbeda signifikan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa sel E. coli yang terpapar air sirih pada kadar pemakaian masyarakat tidak berubah kepekaannya terhadap air sirih dan beberapa antibiotika uji
Analisis Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Sikap Masyarakat Terhadap Obat Generik di Wilayah Purwokerto Utara
Get PDFObat generik memiliki efektivitas serta hasil klinis yang sama dengan obat bermerek. Akan tetapi peredaran obat generik di Indonesia relatif rendah. Hal ini dapat dipengaruhi oleh pengetahuan dan sikap masyarakat terhadap obat generik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap masyarakat serta hubungan antara karakteristik dengan tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap masyarakat terhadap obat generik. Penelitian menggunakan desain cross sectional study dengan sampel berjumlah 385 responden yang terdaftar sebagai masyarakat Purwokerto Utara. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap. Analisis data menggunakan chi-square. Tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat terhadap obat generik sebagian besar kurang (56,4%). Sebanyak 75,8% responden memiliki sikap positif terhadap obat generik. Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara jenis kelamin (p=0,025), pendidikan (p=0,018) dengan tingkat pengetahuan terhadap obat generik, namun pada aspek usia (p=0,765) dan pekerjaan (p=0,121) tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan. Tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan antara jenis kelamin (p=0,365), usia (p=0,403), pendidikan (p=0,149), dan pekerjaan (p=0,159) dengan sikap masyarakat terhadap obat generik. Dapat disimpulkan sebagian besar masyarakat Purwokerto Utara memiliki pengetahuan kurang, namun bersikap positif terhadap obat generik. Karakteristik yang memiliki hubungan dengan tingkat pengetahuan yaitu jenis kelamin dan pendidikan. Tidak ada karakteristik yang memiliki hubungan dengan sikap masyarakat terhadap obat generik. Diperlukan peran tenaga kesehatan untuk edukasi dan promosi mengenai obat generik untuk meningkatkan tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat terhadap obat generi
PEMERIKSAAN ULANG ATAS PEMBATALAN KETETAPAN PAJAK SECARA FORMAL
Get PDFDirectorate General of Taxes has several times faced the fact that the tax assessments that have been issued have been formally canceled. The purpose of this study is to determine the re-audit procedure for tax assessments that are formally canceled, and the obstacles and solutions in overcoming tax audit problems against audit results disputes. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The results of the study reveal that a tax assessment that is formally canceled can be followed up by a tax auditor, namely in the form of a new audit or a follow-up tax audit. The new tax audit means that the tax audit is carried out with the usual audit mechanism with a different purpose/regardless of the previous tax audit. A new audit is carried out if the cancellation of the tax assessment occurs because it is not true. Advanced audit means to continue the previous process. The obstacles are external and internal factors. External factors include the provision of tax legal remedies, lack of experience, and lack of legal assistance in dealing with disputes over audit results. Internal factors in the form of disciplinary punishment to tax employees who fail to carry out their duties. The solution can be done in terms of regulation and the effectiveness of tax audits
PENGARUH BAURAN PROMOSI TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PADA PT XL AXIATA TBK DI KOTA PALEMBANG
Get PDFThe competition of cellular operators in fighting over consumers in order to maintain market share will be expected to occur continuously in the future. In the era of globalization, many new industries have emerged, but many companies have closed. Therefore, to maintain its existence the company must have good marketing. Marketing is the most important factor to increase product sales. One of the strategies is to carry out promotional activities for their products. This mix is the most appropriate way according to management will meet the needs of the target market as a whole. The promotion mix includes, advertising, personal selling, sales promotion, public relations, and direct marketing. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of the promotion mix variable on purchasing decisions at PT XL Axiata Tbk in Palembang City. The method used is a quantitative method. Data collection was carried out by non-probability sampling technique with sampling technique, namely incidental sampling. The results obtained that the most dominant independent variable influencing the decision to use the XL card (Y) in the city of Palembang is the sales promotion variable (X3) seen by the largest regression coefficient value
TANTANGAN DAN PELUANG PANDEMI COVID19 PADA TAMAN SAFARI PRIGEN BESERTA PENGELOLAANNYA
Get PDFThe COVID-19 pandemic has become the center of attention in all countries, including Indonesia. The unprecedented pandemic has made the tourism sector sluggish. Even though the tourism sector is an important sector for the Indonesian state, such as its large contribution to Gross Domestic Product (GDP), foreign exchange, the creation of new jobs, and many more. This unprecedented phenomenon has become the main objective of the research, namely to explore the challenges and opportunities during COVID19 on tourist attractions, especially at the Taman Safari Prigen, and impacts both positive and negative, which are closely related to tourist visits, and their management, giving rise to new prepositions. This study uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. The paradigm used is interpretivism. The data of this research was obtained from primary data with a semi-structured interview method, which was carried out with internal and external parties at Taman Safari Prigen. The results of this study highlight the various challenges and opportunities faced by Taman Safari Prigen during the total closure of tourist attractions and reopening due to government regulations. Other challenges and opportunities, such as economic impacts, changes in marketing, changes in visiting patterns, adaptive action steps taken for animals, human resources and tourists, and so on. There are also multiple impacts found from every management decision taken which will be reviewed in this study
Kriminalisasi Marital Rape: Eksistensi dan Pembuktiannya
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Generally, marriage is a moment of happiness, but it cannot deny that when marriage occurs, it brings misery in it such as Domestic Violence. There are several causes of Domestic Violence which split into various aspects, and one of them is sexual violence. This often makes the wife in a weak position or has a more inferior position, making her victim of her husband. The marital status that binds the wife as the victim and the husband as the perpetrator should not abolish the woman's rights over her body. The wife's position as a victim causes her physical and psychological traumatization, making the community also take responsibility by providing moral support. Not necessarily blaming the victim and justifying the behaviour of the perpetrator because it is still considered forbidden for the community to interfere in household matters. Any form of violence and its occurrence is not something that can be accepted and justified in the rule of law in each country. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to discuss acts related to sexual harassment without the victim's consent even in a marriage bond, known as marital rape. In Indonesia, the criminal act of domestic violence is regulated in Act No. 23 of 2004, which concerns the elimination of domestic violence, requires a clear and firm implementation, because the law must provide protection to victims and the accountability of perpetrators of such violence must be adjusted to the applied laws and regulations