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The Influence of Innovative Behavior and Growth Mindset on Work Productivity with Job Flourishing as a Moderator
Full text linkPurpose: The study aims to examine the direct influence of innovative behavior, growth mindset, and job flourishing on work productivity, as well as the moderating impact of job flourishing on the influence of innovative behavior and the influence of growth mindset on work productivity.
Method: The research sample is employees who have worked productively. The study employs a structural equation modeling approach, utilizing a moderated regression analysis method with Smart PLS.
Results: The study's findings demonstrate that innovative behavior, a growth mindset, and job flourishing have a positive impact on work productivity. A flourishing job strengthens the influence of a growth mindset on work productivity. The implication is that to increase employee work productivity, the main strategy priority recommended by this study is to promote innovative behavior, the second priority is to implement a good growth mindset strategy, and the third priority is to adopt a strategy to enhance employee job flourishing. These three things are very effective in increasing work productivity. Another alternative to increase work productivity is to synergize strategies through collaboration with a growth mindset and job flourishing. Job flourishing can enhance the positive impact of a growth mindset on employee work productivity. By combining the growth mindset with job flourishing among employees, employee work productivity will also increase significantly
Pelaksanaan Intervensi Kemanusiaan Ditinjau menurut Peran dan Kewenangan Dewan Keamanan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa berdasarkan Piagam PBB
Full text linkArticle 1 of the UN Charter affirms that the UN is present to maintain and preserve international peace and security. One of them is regarding the implementation of humanitarian intervention according to Chapter VII of the UN Charter. The implementation of humanitarian intervention must pay attention to the principle of non-intervention, namely not interfering in the affairs of other countries other than for humanitarian reasons according to Article 2 Number 7 of the UN Charter, but there are still cases of humanitarian intervention based on the interests of certain countries such as the 2003 Iraq Invasion, NATO's intervention in Libya in 2011 which actually killed civilians, and the failure of the UN to prevent the genocide in Rwanda in 1994. In fact, the United Nations Security Council (hereinafter referred to as the UNSC) can force, impose sanctions, including deploying military force to stop these violations as a form of humanitarian intervention. Therefore, this writing is done to discuss the role and authority of the UNSC in carrying out humanitarian intervention and the application of humanitarian intervention in resolving international problems. By using the juridical-normative method and conceptual approach along with the approach of legislation, the results of this writing show that the role of the UNSC is to maintain international peace and security which can be done through humanitarian intervention as one way and the implementation of humanitarian intervention must be purely based on humanitarian reasons without the influence of national interests and through the authorization process from the UN first along with the conditions that are expected to be reformed in the UN Charter
Peran Indonesia dalam Implementasi Prinsip Responsibility to Protect dan Non-Refoulement dalam Krisis Kemanusiaan Etnis Rohingya
Full text linkThe humanitarian crisis experienced by the Rohingya ethnic group in Myanmar has raised a dilemma in the international legal order, between the principle of state sovereignty and international obligations to protect human rights. This article aims to analyze Indonesia's contribution to the implementation of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) and non-refoulement principles as two main norms in modern international law, especially in the context of handling Rohingya refugees. With a normative legal approach and literature study of international legal documents, UN reports, and Indonesian foreign policy, this study shows that although Indonesia is not a state party to the 1951 Convention, its practices show the application of the principle of non-refoulement as part of jus cogens. Within the R2P framework, Indonesia plays a role through multilateral diplomacy in ASEAN and the United Nations, as well as initiatives such as Formula 4+1. However, the limitations of the UNSC in acting due to political vetoes and ASEAN's principle of non-intervention are the main obstacles to the collective implementation of R2P. This article concludes that Indonesia's success as a regional actor in this crisis requires a proactive diplomatic strategy, encouraging reform in the UNSC, and consistency in making humanitarian values a priority over political interests. It is hoped that these findings can provide academic contributions to the study of international law and the role of Indonesian diplomacy in handling contemporary humanitarian crises
ANALISIS PENGGUNAAN MEDIA SIBER UNTUK SELF DEFENSE DALAM CYBER WARFARE DITINJAU DARI HUKUM INTERNASIONAL
Full text linkAbstract–Cyber warfare is a term that refers to conflicts carried out in cyberspace using cyber media as a weapon. Cyber warfare includes state actions not only in carrying out attacks, but also in carrying out actions to defend itself. The cyber warfare that occurred between Russia and Georgia in 2008 was a cyber war that used cyber media to attack and defend. Georgia counterattacked using cyber media to defend itself from Russian cyber attacks. International law regulates state actions in self-defense based on Article 51 of the UN Charter which requires armed attack, the necessity and proportionalities in its implementation. In international law, there are no regulations regarding a country's self-defense measures when cyber warfare occurs. This causes Article 51 of the UN Charter to also apply to cyber warfare. In international law, there are no regulations regarding a country's self-defense actions when cyber war occurs. This causes Article 51 of the UN Charter to also apply to cyber warfare. This research aims to analyze whether Georgia's actions in carrying out retaliatory attacks in response to Russian cyberattacks can be categorized as acts of self-defense under international law. The research method used is the normative juridical legal research method, namely a legal research method by solving legal facts/events using international legal sources. The results of this research indicate that Georgia's use of cyber media as a counterattack to defend itself from Russian cyber attacks cannot be categorized as an act of self-defense based on Article 51 of the UN Charter and customary international law. Even though it cannot be categorized as a form of self-defense, Russia's actions in carrying out its cyber attacks still had a significant impact on Georgia.
Keywords: cyber warfare, self defense, armed attack
Abstrak–Peperangan siber adalah suatu istilah yang merujuk pada konflik yang dilakukan di ruang siber dengan menggunakan media siber sebagai senjatanya. Peperangan siber di dalamnya mencakup tindakan negara tidak hanya dalam melakukan serangan, namun juga dalam melakukan tindakan untuk bertahan atau mempertahankan diri. Perang siber yang terjadi antara Rusia dan Georgia pada tahun 2008 di dalamnya mencakup penggunaan media siber yang ditujukan untuk menyerang dan bertahan. Georgia melakukan serangan balasan menggunakan media siber untuk mempertahankan diri terhadap serangan siber Rusia. Hukum internasional di dalamnya mengatur mengenai tindakan negara untuk mempertahankan diri berdasarkan pada Article 51 UN Charter yang mengharuskan adanya serangan bersenjata, keharusan dan kesebandingan dalam pelaksanaannya. Belum adanya ketentuan khusus dalam hukum internasional yang mengatur mengenai perang siber, membuat pengaturan mengenai tindakan mempertahankan diri bagi suatu negara selama perang siber juga turut di dasarkan pada Article 51 UN Charter. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa apakah tindakan Georgia dalam melakukan serangan balasan untuk merespons serangan siber Rusia dapat dikategorikan sebagai tindakan membela diri berdasarkan pada hukum internasional. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah menggunakan metode penelitian hukum yuridis normatif, yaitu metode penelitian hukum dengan memecahkan fakta/peristiwa hukum menggunakan sumber-sumber hukum internasional. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan media siber yang digunakan oleh Georgia sebagai serangan balasan untuk mempertahankan diri dari serangan siber Rusia tidak dapat dikategorikan sebagai tindakan self defense berdasarkan Article 51 UN Charter dan hukum kebiasaan internasional. Namun, meskipun tidak dapat dikategorikan sebagai suatu bentuk self defense, perbuatan Rusia dalam melakukan serangan sibernya tetap memiliki dampak yang cukup signifikan terhadap Georgia.
Kata kunci: perang siber, hak bela diri, dan serangan bersenjat
Unsur Sengaja pada Tanah Yang Tidak Dipergunakan Atau Dimanfaatkan dalam Perspektif Hukum Administrasi Pertanahan
Full text linkLand plays a strategic role in Indonesia’s national development as both a livelihood and a constitutional mandate. However, the prevalence of abandoned land—over 99,099 hectares officially designated, and 854,662 hectares identified—raises critical legal concerns. Government Regulation No. 20 of 2021 on the Control of Abandoned Areas and Land aims to address this issue through administrative means yet introduces interpretative challenges surrounding the legal element of “intentionally” not utilizing land. This article examines the juridical interpretation of the “intent” requirement in determining whether land is deemed abandoned. The absence of a clear, objective definition of “intentionally” poses legal uncertainty and the risk of arbitrary state action that may infringe upon constitutionally protected land rights. Through normative juridical analysis, this study argues that the subjective nature of “intent” must be clarified by observable indicators, such as prolonged inaction, overgrown physical conditions, or documented administrative neglect. The research further highlights potential contradictions in implementation, including unequal treatment between state-held land and privately held plots. In conclusion, while abandoned land policies are essential for equitable agrarian reform, the state must ensure legal certainty, procedural safeguards, and proportional interpretation of "intent" to uphold agrarian justice and constitutional property rights. The paper recommends technical guidelines for determining intent and emphasizes the importance of due process before revoking land rights under the pretext of abandonment
Luka Gigitan Buaya: Tata Laksana Berkesinambungan dari Pra-Rumah Sakit ke Rumah Sakit
Full text linkAbstract—East Kalimantan Province is a tropical region with rivers that serve as habitats for various wildlife, including crocodiles. The province has a relatively high incidence of human–crocodile conflicts. Crocodile bites often result in extensive wounds with a high risk of infection. Hypovolemic or septic shock represents a medical emergency that requires careful attention in such cases. Crocodile bite injuries can significantly reduce quality of life due to tissue damage, chronic pain, and impaired limb function, leading to limited activity and decreased social participation. Prompt, appropriate, and continuous management is essential to prevent complications and mortality.
Keywords: crocodile bite, continuity of care, wound
Abstrak—Provinsi Kalimantan Timur merupakan daerah tropis dengan sungai yang menjadi habitat dari banyak satwa, salah satunya buaya. Kalimantan Timur memiliki konflik antara buaya dan manusia yang cukup tinggi. Luka gigitan buaya sering kali menyebabkan luka yang luas dengan risiko infeksi yang cukup tinggi. Keadaan syok hipovolemik atau syok septik merupakan kegawatdaruratan yang perlu diperhatikan pada kasus gigitan buaya. Luka gigitan buaya dapat menurunkan kualitas hidup akibat kerusakan jaringan, nyeri kronis, dan gangguan fungsi anggota tubuh yang berdampak pada keterbatasan aktivitas serta penurunan partisipasi sosial. Pertolongan yang cepat, tepat, dan berkesinambungan merupakan modalitas utama dalam pencegahan komplikasi dan kematian.
Kata kunci: gigitan buaya, luka, perawatan berkesinambunga
Uji Efektivitas Ekstrak Etanol Moringa oleifera L. terhadap Pertumbuhan Escherichia coli
Full text linkAbstract—Escherichia coli. is a Gram-negative bacterium that commonly lives as normal flora in the digestive tract however, certain strains can cause serious diseases such as diarrhea and urinary tract infections. The high rate of antibiotic resistance has encouraged the search for alternative treatments based on natural ingredients. Moringa (Moringa oleifera L.) leaves are known to contain bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids, which have potential antibacterial properties. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of ethanol extract of Moringa leaves against the growth of E. coli using the disc diffusion method on Eosin Methylene Blue Agar(EMBA) medium. The treatments consisted of three extract concentrations—55%, 75%, and 95%—along with a positive control (chloramphenicol) and a negative control (96% ethanol). The results showed that the higher the extract concentration, the larger the inhibition zone diameter formed, namely 7.68 mm at 55%, 9.85 mm at 75%, and 10.86 mm at 95%. ANOVA analysis indicated a significant difference among treatments (p < 0.001). The antibacterial activity of Moringa leaf ethanol extract was categorized as moderate to strong and bacteriostatic, meaning it inhibits bacterial growth without completely killing the bacteria. Therefore, the ethanol extract of Moringa leaves has the potential to be developed as a natural antibacterial agent against Escherichia coli.
Keywords: antibacterial, ethanol extract, Escherichia coli., inhibition, Moringa oleifera L.,
Abstrak—Escherichia coli. merupakan bakteri Gram negatif yang umumnya hidup sebagai flora normal di saluran pencernaan, namun beberapa strainnya dapat menyebabkan penyakit serius seperti diare dan infeksi saluran kemih. Tingginya angka resistensi antibiotik mendorong perlunya pencarian alternatif pengobatan berbasis bahan alami. Daun kelor (Moringa oleifera L.) diketahui mengandung senyawa bioaktif seperti flavonoid, tanin, saponin, dan alkaloid yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas ekstrak etanol daun kelor terhadap pertumbuhan E. coli menggunakan metode difusi cakram pada media Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMBA). Perlakuan terdiri atas tiga konsentrasi ekstrak, yaitu 55%, 75%, dan 95%, serta kontrol positif (kloramfenikol) dan kontrol negatif (etanol 96%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi konsentrasi ekstrak, semakin besar diameter zona hambat yang terbentuk, yaitu 7,68 mm pada 55%, 9,85 mm pada 75%, dan 10,86 mm pada 95%. Nilai ANOVA menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan antarperlakuan (p < 0,001). Aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun kelor tergolong sedang hingga kuat dan bersifat bakteriostatik, yaitu menghambat pertumbuhan tanpa membunuh bakteri secara total. Dengan demikian, ekstrak etanol daun kelor berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai agen antibakteri alami alternatif terhadap Escherichia coli.
Kata kunci: antibakteri, ekstrak etanol, Escherichia coli., zona hambat, Moringa oleifera L.
Dampak Globalisasi IPTEK Terhadap Hukum Adat Food Estate di Borneo Merugikan Masyarakat Adat Dayak
Full text linkThe development of Customary Law in Indonesia reflects the evolving social and cultural dynamics in line with the globalization of Science and Technology (IPTEK). This research analyzes the impact of the globalization of science and technology on the development of Customary Law, focusing on its existence through a case study of the implementation of the Food Estate project in the Borneo Forest, Central Kalimantan, which serves as a primary source of livelihood for the Dayak indigenous people. This study employs normative legal research with a comparative approach between countries, particularly Canada as one of the nations that has ratified the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP). The research addresses two main problems: (1) how to mitigate the erosion of customary values and Customary Law due to the development of science and technology, and (2) what solutions can be offered to the Dayak indigenous community in addressing crop losses resulting from the implementation of the Food Estate project. The study concludes that the globalization of science and technology has contributed to the erosion of Dayak customary law values in Borneo; therefore, the application of the principle of Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC) and the protection of indigenous land rights are key to preserving the sustainability of customary law while supporting national food security
Dinamika Timbulnya Perilaku Upstander Dalam Proses Posttraumatic Growth (PTG) Pada Penyintas Kekerasan Seksual
Full text linkPenyintas kekerasan seksual yang mengalami proses posttraumatic growth (PTG) berpotensi menunjukkan perilaku upstander. Perilaku tersebut dapat memperkuat proses posttraumatic growth (PTG) yang dialami, sehingga memperoleh pencapaian optimal. Studi ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi pada tahap apa dalam proses posttraumatic growth (PTG) perilaku upstander muncul, memahami proses terjadinya, serta mengevaluasi dampaknya. Studi ini merupakan studi penelitian kualitatif dengan analisis kasus. Pengumpulan data menggunakan panduan wawancara posttraumatic growth (PTG) dan Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Screening test dilakukan menggunakan Global Psychotrauma Screen (GPS) untuk memilih partisipan berdasarkan usia saat mengalami kekerasan seksual, serta ketangguhan dan keberfungsian diri dalam satu bulan terakhir. Studi ini melibatkan tiga partisipan yang mengalami kekerasan seksual di atas usia sembilan tahun, melaporkan ketangguhan dan keberfungsian diri, serta pernah melakukan perilaku upstander. Pengolahan data menggunakan analisis tematik. Hasil studi ini menunjukkan bahwa perilaku upstander muncul pada tahap automatic and intrusive rumination, manage emotional distress, dan deliberate rumination dalam proses posttraumatic growth (PTG). Perilaku upstander pada tahap automatic and intrusive rumination dapat menimbulkan konsekuensi negatif yang tidak disengaja, berdasarkan pengalaman partisipan studi. Sebaliknya, pada tahap manage emotional distress dan deliberate rumination dapat mendukung pencapaian posttraumatic growth (PTG). Perbedaan situasi tersebut sangat dipengaruhi oleh norma subjektif mengenai perilaku dan adanya atau tidak adanya kontrol perilaku yang dirasakan serta kontrol aktual yang memadai.Survivors of sexual violence who experience posttraumatic growth (PTG) have the potential to exhibit upstander behavior. This behavior can strengthen the posttraumatic growth (PTG) process experienced, in order to achieve optimal growth. This study aims to identify at what stage in the posttraumatic growth (PTG) process upstander behavior appears, understand the process of its occurrence, and evaluate its impact. This study is a qualitative research study with case analysis. Data collection utilized a posttraumatic growth (PTG) interview guide and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Screening tests were conducted utilizing the Global Psychotrauma Screen (GPS) to select participants based on age when experiencing sexual violence, as well as resilience and self-functioning in the past month. This study involved three participants who experienced sexual violence over the age of nine, reported resilience and self-functioning, and had engaged in upstander behavior. Data processing utilized thematic analysis. The results of this study indicate that upstander behavior appears at the automatic and intrusive rumination, manage emotional distress, and deliberate rumination stages in the posttraumatic growth (PTG) process. Upstander behavior at the automatic and intrusive rumination stages can lead to unintended negative consequences, based on the experiences of study participants. In contrast, at the manage emotional distress and deliberate rumination stages, it can support the progress of posttraumatic growth (PTG). The differences in these situations are greatly influenced by subjective norms regarding behavior and the presence or absence of perceived behavioral control and adequate actual control
PENJELAJAHAN PRIA GAY MEMPERTAHANKAN KESEJAHTERAAN PSIKOLOGIS DI BAWAH TEKANAN MASKULINITAS HEGEMONIK KELUARGA TIONGHOA KRISTEN
Full text linkAbstract—This study explores the in-depth experiences formed by a tri minority man (gay-Chinese-Christian) in facing the pressures of hegemonic masculinity, heteronormative values and Christian norms in the family. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, this study aims to understand how participants construct identity, overcome stigma, and maintain psychological well-being amidst complex identity conflicts resulting from clashes between family values, gender norms, and sexual orientation. Through in-depth interviews, this study will reveal coping strategies, the influence of Christian religious values and Chinese culture on self-perception and participants' relationships with their families. Using Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory, this study reveals how various social systems, from family to wider society, influence participants. The study shows that conservative religious and cultural values are often a source of stress and conflict. How the internalization of narrow masculinity norms and the conflict of Christian religious values can trigger mental health problems such as anxiety and social isolation. However, participants also found meaning and spiritual support in religion, which helped in the process of self-acceptance. In addition, there are results that show a positive impact of hegemonic masculinity values related to achievement and social success, but also reveal the importance of subjectivity and flexibility in interpreting religious teachings to support spiritual well-being. This study is expected to contribute to a deeper understanding of the complexity of identity and challenges faced by tri minority men in Indonesia, as well as its implications for the development of more effective prevention, counseling and psychological intervention programs.
Keywords: christian, coming out, gay, hegemonic masculinity, psychological well-being
Abstrak—Penelitian ini menggali pengalaman mendalam yang terbentuk pada seorang pria triminoritas (gay-Tionghoa-Kristen) dalam menghadapi tekanan maskulinitas hegemonik, nilai-nilai heteronormatif dan norma kekristenan dalam keluarga. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif fenomenologis, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami bagaimana partisipan mengkonstruksi identitas, mengatasi stigma, dan mempertahankan kesejahteraan psikologis di tengah konflik identitas yang kompleks akibat benturan antara nilai-nilai keluarga, norma gender, dan orientasi seksual. Melalui wawancara mendalam, penelitian ini akan mengungkap strategi coping, pengaruh nilai-nilai agama Kristen dan budaya Tionghoa terhadap persepsi diri serta hubungan partisipan dengan keluarga. Dengan menggunakan teori ekologi Bronfenbrenner, penelitian ini mengungkap bagaimana berbagai sistem sosial, mulai dari keluarga hingga masyarakat luas, mempengaruhi partisipan. Dalam penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai-nilai agama dan budaya yang konservatif seringkali menjadi sumber tekanan dan konflik. Bagaimana internalisasi norma-norma maskulinitas yang sempit dan konflik nilai-nilai agama kristen dapat memicu masalah kesehatan mental seperti kecemasan dan isolasi sosial. Namun, partisipan juga menemukan makna dan dukungan spiritual dalam agama, yang membantu dalam proses penerimaan diri. Selain itu, terdapat hasil yang menunjukkan adanya dampak positif dari nilai-nilai maskulinitas hegemonik terkait prestasi dan keberhasilan sosial, namun juga mengungkapkan pentingnya subyektivitas serta fleksibilitas dalam menginterpretasi ajaran agama untuk mendukung kesejahteraan spiritual. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi pada pemahaman yang lebih mendalam tentang kompleksitas identitas dan tantangan yang dihadapi oleh pria triminoritas di Indonesia, serta implikasinya bagi pengembangan program pencegahan, konseling dan intervensi psikologis yang lebih efektif.
Katakunci: homoseksual, kesejahteraan psikologis, kristen, maskulinitas hegemonik,tiongho