Narra J (Journal)
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Parental stature as a risk factor for stunting in Indonesia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Get PDFStunting is defined by height of more than two standard deviations below the WorldHealth Organization's (WHO) child growth standard median. It is a significant nutritionalproblem in developing countries, where in 2021, Indonesia recorded a stunting prevalenceat 24.4%, slightly higher than the global prevalence (22%). Reducing the prevalence ofstunting has been the focus of the current administration in the Indonesian government,as delineated in the 2020–2024 National Medium-Term Development Plan. Globally,many studies have addressed parental stature as a risk factor of stunting. However,systematic reviews that summarized and critically appraised the relationship betweenparental stature and the incidence of stunting in Indonesia was scarce. This systematicreview aimed to assess parental stature as a risk factor for stunting among Indonesiantoddlers. Studies were searched through PubMed (MEDLINE), Google Scholar andMendeley. Studies on Indonesian toddlers under five years old living in Indonesia wereincluded. The quality of the included studies was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute(JBI) critical appraisal tool. Data were extracted using a standardized data extraction formand were analyzed using Cochrane’s RevMan 5.3. Twenty-seven prospective andretrospective cohort, case-control and cross-sectional studies were included with a total4041 children. Out of 27 included studies, eight were found to be of low, seven of moderateand twelve of high quality. The result showed that parental stature was associated with theincidence of stunting among toddlers in Indonesia, either the mother only (odds ratio(OR) 1.92; 95% confidence interval (95%CI: 1.71–2.15), the father only (OR 5.21; 95%CI:1.71–15.86) or both parents (OR 3.01; 95%CI: 2.41–3.75). However, studies on father andboth parental statures suffered from substantial heterogeneity, imprecision and mixedqualities, therefore, they should be cautiously interpreted
Oral rehydration solution (ORS) for fasting doping: Examining the Twitter data in Indonesia
Get PDFOral rehydration solution (ORS) or oralit is a sugar and salt-based solution that restores electrolyte balance, counters dehydration and mitigates metabolic acidosis. In Indonesia, particularly during the month of Ramadan, the use of ORS as a form of fasting doping has become increasingly prevalent. This study aimed to analyze the patterns of communication, key influencers, and sentiment within the Twitter network in Indonesia regarding the use of ORS as fasting doping. From March 15 to March 26, 2023, Twitter data was collected using NodeXL software. The dataset was then analyzed using NodeXL and Gephi software to identify key influencers and patterns within the network. To assess attitudes towards the use of ORS as fasting doping expressed in tweets, sentiment analysis was conducted using Azure Machine. The dataset consisted of 13,746 tweets, from which the analysis revealed that Twitter discourse concerning the use of ORS as fasting doping demonstrated a diverse range of individuals. The top five users with the highest betweenness centrality scores were medical doctors, mention and confess (menfess) accounts, and personal accounts. The sentiment analysis of the collected tweets unveiled a relatively high negative sentiment toward the use of ORS for fasting purposes. Notably, the proportion of positive and neutral sentiments were comparable. Our data indicate that ORS use as fasting doping is controversial in Indonesia. Most tweets express concerns about misuse and negative consequences, indicating a need for guidance and regulation from public health authorities. Further research and guidelines are necessary to ensure the safe and appropriate use
Pneumonectomy for severe post-tuberculosis bronchiectasis: A successful of case report and review of the long-term outcome
Get PDFLimited clinical intervention studies highlight the absence of evidence-based international guidelines for effectively managing post-tuberculosis lung disease, emphasizing bronchiectasis. The aim of this study was to describe a case of left pneumonectomy for severe post-tuberculosis cystic bronchiectasis and to provide a review of the post-surgical mortality rate, complications, survival rate, and the patient's quality of life following the pneumonectomy procedure. A 36-year-old Indonesian male smoker presented with worsening breathing difficulties and fever. The patient had a history of pulmonary tuberculosis six years ago and reported negative tuberculosis tests after completing TB treatment. However, lung function of the patient progressively declined over the years. Bronchoscopy, chest X-ray, and high-resolution computerized tomography (CT) scan revealed infected cystic bronchiectasis and identified a prominent left lung collapse with calcification in the left pleura. The patient underwent left pneumonectomy through left posterolateral thoracotomy under general anesthesia. The patient was discharged after seven post-operative days with no eventful course. No further complications were found after a one-year post-surgery follow-up, and the patient returned to normal activities, improved fitness, and was fitter in daily life. Based on the literature review, post-surgical mortality rates of pneumonectomy are acceptable, with bronchopleural fistula, cardiac arrest, and thoracic hemorrhage being common causes. Yet, the chances of a complete cure are high. Complications can occur in approximately one-third of patients, including arrhythmia, pulmonary infection, fever, and wound infections. The overall 5-year survival rate following pneumonectomy is generally favorable. Regarding the quality of life, pneumonectomy can have mixed effects. While it could improve symptoms and quality of life, it may impair the quality of life for certain patients, particularly elderly patients and those with lower preoperative quality of life. Although the post-surgical mortality rate, complications, and long-term survival rates of pneumonectomy are generally satisfactory, the expectation of improved post-surgical quality of life should be discussed with the patient prior to surgery
Comparison of exhaled carbon monoxide levels and its association with nicotine dependence between electronic and tobacco cigarettes: A cross-sectional study among teenage smokers
Get PDFCarbon monoxide (CO), resulting from incomplete combustion such as tobacco smoking, serves as an indicator of nicotine addiction. The aim of this study was to compare the levels of exhaled CO levels between electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) and tobacco smokers and to determine the association between nicotine dependence and exhaled CO levels in e-cigarette and tobacco smokers. A cross-sectional study was conducted using purposive sampling on active smokers, with 70 smokers in each group. The nicotine dependence was measured using the Penn State Nicotine Dependence Index (PSNDI) questionnaire for the e-cigarette group and the Fagerstrom questionnaire for the tobacco smoking group. The CO level was measured using the smokerlyzer piCO. To compare the mean exhaled CO levels between e-cigarettes and tobacco smoker groups, the Mann-Whitney test was used. The Mann-Whitney test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to assess the associations between nicotine dependence and mean exhaled CO levels in the e-cigarette smoker group and in the tobacco smoker group, respectively. The majority of e-cigarette smokers were 17 years old (65.7%) and male (75.7%). Among tobacco smokers, the majority were also 17 years old (44.3%), and mostly male (91.4%). The mean exhaled CO levels in the tobacco smoker group were significantly higher than the e-cigarette smoker group, 6.86 ppm vs 1.61 ppm with p<0.001. There was a significant association between nicotine dependence and exhaled CO levels among tobacco smokers (p<0.001). Nicotine dependence was not associated with exhaled CO levels among e-cigarette smokers. This study highlights that the smokerlyzer piCO devise could be used to screen nicotine addiction in tobacco smokers
Characterization of red algae (Gracilaria verrucosa) on potential application for topical treatment of oral mucosa wounds in Rattus norvegicus
Get PDFWound healing in the mouth has its challenges due to masticatory movements and the presence of bacteria that can inhibit its process. The aim of this study was to analyze the contents of red algae (Gracilaria verrucosa) from Indonesia, and its potential as a wound-healing agent for oral wounds using animal model. Red algae content was determined by phytochemical tests and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The wound was made by making an incision on the gingival mucosa of Rattus norvegicus and the parameters assessed were bleeding time, number of fibroblast cells, and time of wound closure. Three doses of G. verrucosa gel were used (2.5%, 5%, and 10%) and the gels were applied twice a day, at 6:00 and 18:00. Application was carried out topically by applying 0.1 ml of gel to the incision wound using a 1 mL syringe. Our phytochemical test indicated that the G. verrucosa contained alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, and phenols. The dominant contains of the G. verrucosa were glycerol (36.81%), hexadecenoic acid (20.74%), and cholesterol (7.4%). The hemostasis test showed that the 2.5% G. verrucosa extract gel had the shortest bleeding time, 33.98±5.33 seconds. On the seventh day of the initial proliferation phase, the number of fibroblasts was not significantly different among groups. On day 14, the number of fibroblasts was only significantly different between 10% G. verrucosa and untreated group (p=0.007). On day 28, however, both 5% and 10% G. verrucosa were significantly higher compared to untreated group, both had p=0.010. Daily clinical examination showed that animals that were given 2.5% and 5% of G. verrucosa extract gel experienced wound closure on day 10. Animals treated with 10% of extract gel, all wounds healed on day 9. This study suggested that G. verrucosa extract could accelerate wound closure and wound healing
Treatment acceptance and its associated determinants in cancer patients: A systematic review
Get PDFTreatment recommendations for cancer patients are carried out according to clinical assessment, type and stage of cancer and treatment guidelines. However, many patients do not accept the recommendations. This raises obstacles in managing of cancers, which not only affects the patients, but also the family and people around the patients. This problem could increase morbidity, mortality and recurrence rate, which might result in lower quality of life. Since this condition is a complex problem, there is necessity to explore and determine various determinants from different levels. The aim of this systematic review was to explore the acceptances of cancer treatments among cancer patients and its associated determinants. Articles published from 2010 to 2023 were searched in four databases: ScienceDirect, Medline, Google Scholar and PubMed. Articles written in English and focussing on three main cancer treatments (surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy) were eligible. A narrative approach was used and the data were analysed into selected themes. Data suggest that several factors influence patient acceptance for cancer therapy including sociodemographic, economic and spiritual cultural backgrounds; patient knowledge and perceptions; community support, as well as policy and availability of health facilities. The determinants consist of individual, interpersonal, institutional, community and public policy level and interaction between levels are contributing to cancer treatment acceptance. In conclusion, cancer treatment acceptance remains a problem in particular in low middle income countries. In addition, the data on radiotherapy referral acceptance were limited and needed further study
Cytotoxic activity of ethyl acetate extract of Chromolaena odorata on MCF7 and T47D breast cancer cells
Get PDFOne of the most cancers in women that can be fatal is breast cancer. Radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of the two are often used to treat cancer, and these treatments tend to modify the immune system and weaken defences. Using natural compounds from plants has become a research interest to prevent cancer cell development. The aim of this study was to determine the anticancer activities of ethyl acetate extract of Chromolaena odorata (EACO) against breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and T47D). The viability of the cells was determined by the MTT colorimetry assays. The apoptosis test was performed by using flow cytometry. The IC50 value for MCF-7 cells was 218.78 μg/mL and 307.61 μg/mL for T47D. The extract acted selectively against breast cancer cells, with selectivity indexes against MCF-7 and T47D were 12.77 and 9.08, respectively. The viable cells of T47D cells were decreased from 85±36.5% (24 hours) to 54±34% (48 hours) after treatment with IC50 of EACO. Significant decrease of the MCF-7's viable cells were observed between 48 and 72 hours after treatment with IC50 (68.5±17.7% to 51.01±12.1%, respectively). Apoptosis assay showed that T47D and MCF-7 cells were mainly in the necrosis stage (83.35±0.49% and 95.15±1.76%, respectively). This study suggested that ethyl acetate extract of C. odorata is promising to be developed as an anticancer agent
Coronary heart disease risk factors among academic workers based on the Jakarta Cardiovascular Score: A cross-sectional study
Get PDFChange in lifestyle leads to change in disease patterns from infectious diseases and malnutrition to degenerative diseases, such as coronary heart disease (CHD). The increasing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases among Indonesian workers and the general public will not only burden medical care expenses but also reduce work productivity, leading to more work-related injuries and work-related losses. The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors for CHD (age, sex, blood pressure, smoking, diabetes mellitus, body mass index, and weekly physical activity) and the CHD risk level among university workers. A cross-sectional study was conducted at workers at School of Medicine, Universitas Malikussaleh, Lhokseumawe, Indonesia. The risk level of CHD was calculated using Jakarta Cardiovascular Score and predicting model analyzed with multiple logistic regression model. Our data found that 58.2%, 25.5% and 16.3% of the university workers had low-, medium- and high-risk to have CHD. The final model indicted that the risk of heart disease was determined by gender, age, and the presence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Being male had odds ratio (OR) 30.84, aged >41 years old had OR 11.52, having hypertension had OR 4.87 and having diabetes mellitus had OR 13.99 for having high risk of CHD compared to female, those younger than 41 years old, having no hypertension and having no diabetes mellitus, respectively. In conclusion, our data suggests that more than 15% the respondents (university employees) have high risk of CHD and being male and older, and having hypertension and diabetes mellitus are associated with risk of CHD. Implantation of the preventive measures is therefore important to be implemented at the universities
Designing hybrid CRISPR-Cas12 and LAMP detection systems for treatment-resistant Plasmodium falciparum with in silico method
Get PDFGenes associated with drug resistance of first line drugs for Plasmodium falciparum have been identified and characterized of which three genes most commonly associated with drug resistance are P. falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter gene (PfCRT), P. falciparum multidrug drug resistance gene 1 (PfMDR1), and P. falciparum Kelch protein K13 gene (PfKelch13). Polymorphism in these genes could be used as molecular markers for identifying drug resistant strains. Nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) along with DNA sequencing is a powerful diagnostic tool that could identify these polymorphisms. However, current NAAT and DNA sequencing technologies require specific instruments which might limit its application in rural areas. More recently, a combination of isothermal amplification and CRISPR detection system showed promising results in detecting mutations at a nucleic acid level. Moreover, the Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)-CRISPR systems offer robust and straightforward detection, enabling it to be deployed in rural and remote areas. The aim of this study was to develop a novel diagnostic method, based on LAMP of targeted genes, that would enable the identification of drug-resistant P. falciparum strains. The methods were centered on sequence analysis of P. falciparum genome, LAMP primers design, and CRISPR target prediction. Our designed primers are satisfactory for identifying polymorphism associated with drug resistant in PfCRT, PfMDR1, and PfKelch13. Overall, the developed system is promising to be used as a detection method for P. falciparum treatment-resistant strains. However, optimization and further validation the developed CRISPR-LAMP assay are needed to ensure its accuracy, reliability, and feasibilit