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Effects of Formula-100 therapeutic milk and Bregas Nutriroll ready-to-use therapeutic food on Indonesian children with severe acute malnutrition: A randomized controlled trial study
Get PDFSevere acute malnutrition (SAM) is a global health concern that affects children and leads to delayed growth. The aim of this study was to compare the impact of F100 milk and Bregas Nutriroll, a local ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF), on SAM children. An unmasked, non-blinded, two-group, and simple randomized controlled trial was conducted. Indonesian children aged 12–59 months with SAM were randomly assigned to receive either F100 milk or Bregas Nutriroll. After eight weeks, the increase in the mean weight gain in both groups was assessed. The Bregas Nutriroll group (n=19) had a mean weight gain of 1.07±0.09 kg, while the F100 group (n=17) had a mean weight gain of 1.05±0.11 kg. The Bregas Nutriroll group had a slightly higher gain of mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) than the F100 group (0.62±0.34 cm vs 0.50±0.37 cm). The gain of children’s height of the Bregas Nutriroll group was 0.96±0.42 cm, while the F100 group was shorter at a mean of 0.81±0.44 cm. Statistically significant differences (p<0.001) in nutritional status were observed based on weight, MUAC, and height/length after F100 and Bregas Nutriroll interventions. The intervention with F100 increased hemoglobin (Hb) levels of 0.71±1.25 mg/dL, while the Bregas Nutriroll intervention led to an increase of 0.11±1.39 mg/dL. In conclusion, our study showed that community-based treatment with F100 milk or Bregas Nutriroll resulted in nutritional status in children with SAM. These findings suggested that both treatments could be effective in treating SAM in improving nutritional status and child health outcomes
TikTok content on measles-rubella vaccine in Jordan: A cross-sectional study highlighting the spread of vaccine misinformation
Get PDFSocial media platforms, including TikTok, have become influential sources of health information. However, they also present as potential sources for the spread of vaccine misinformation. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of measles-rubella (MR) vaccine-related contents on TikTok in Jordan and to analyze factors associated with vaccine misinformation. A systematic search for MR vaccine-related TikTok contents in Jordan was conducted using pre-defined keywords and a specified time range. Content metrics (likes, comments, shares, and saves) were collected while the content quality of health information was evaluated using a modified version of the DISCERN, a validated instrument by two expert raters. The average modified DISCERN score ranged from 1, denoting poor content, to 5, indicating excellent content. A total of 50 videos from 34 unique content creators formed the final study sample. The majority of MR vaccine-related content was created by lay individuals (61.8%), followed by TV/news websites/journalists (23.5%), and healthcare professionals (HCPs) (14.7%). The Cohen κ per modified DISCERN item was in the range of 0.579–0.808, p<0.001), indicating good to excellent agreement. The overall average modified DISCERN score was 2±1.2, while it was only 1.3±0.52 for lay individuals’ content, which indicated poor content quality. For the normalized per number of followers for each source, content by lay individuals had a significantly higher number of likes, saves, and shares with p=0.009, 0.012, and 0.004, respectively. Vaccine misinformation was detected in 58.8% of the videos as follows: lay individuals (85.7%), TV/news websites/journalists (25.0%), and HCPs content had none (p<0.001). Normalized per the number of followers for each source, videos flagged as having MR vaccine misinformation reached a higher number of likes, saves, and shares (p=0.012, 0.016, and 0.003, respectively). In conclusion, substantial dissemination of TikTok MR vaccine-related misinformation in Jordan was detected. Rigorous fact-checking is warranted by the platform to address misinformation on TikTok, which is vital to improve trust in MR vaccination and ultimately protect public health
Short-term outcomes of implanting a retropupillary iris-claw intraocular lens in patients with lens and intraocular lens drops
Get PDFLens drop and intraocular lens (IOL) drop can occur after cataract or phacoemulsification surgery, where the IOL is dislocated from the capsular bag into the vitreous cavity. The aim of this study was to investigate the short-term outcomes of implanting a retropupillary iris claw in patients with IOL drop and lens drop after phacoemulsification. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Santosa Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia, from January 2020 to December 2023. Patients were divided into two groups: IOL drop and lens drop groups. Total sampling was used, involving 51 patients in the present study, with 27 patients in the IOL drop group and 24 patients in the lens drop group. Data collected included age, sex, eye laterality, the onset of IOL drop or lens drop, intraocular pressure (IOP), uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), record of astigmatism change preoperative and postoperative, and postoperative pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) complications. Our data indicated that the UDVA significantly improved in both IOL drop and lens drop groups after PPV surgery (p<0.001). However, there were no significant changes in IOP or astigmatism following the surgery in either group. Over one month, both groups showed improved UDVA, decreased IOP, and changes in astigmatism, with no significant differences between groups. Similarly, there was no significant difference in CDVA between IOL drop and lens drop groups. Only four complications were recorded in the present study. Comparing IOL drop and lens drop groups, only an increase in IOP showed a significant difference (p=0.018). Corneal edema, IOL decentration, and pupil ovalization were not significantly different. In conclusion, retropupillary iris-claw IOL implantation is safe and effective for aphakic patients with complications from phacoemulsification, regardless of whether it is lens drop or IOL drop
Effects of decursinol angelate on viability and apoptosis in PC-3 prostate cancer cells: In vitro study
Get PDFProstate cancer represents the predominant malignant neoplasm observed in the male population and ranks second in terms of mortality attributable to malignant neoplasm among men. Decursinol angelate (DA), derived from the plant Angelica gigas Nakai (AGN), has demonstrated anti-cancer effectiveness through the induction of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways, inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, having anti-neovascularization, anti-inflammatory anti-oxidative activities and stimulating the immune process. The aim of this study was to determine the IC50 dose of DA on human prostate cancer cell line PC-3, as well as to assess its effects on cell viability and apoptosis. PC-3 cells were utilized in this study due to its hormonal therapy resistance characteristics. The treatment commenced with the determination of the IC50 of DA and cell viability using the CCK-8 method as a baseline dose. A combination with abiraterone acetate (AA) was performed using an escalated dose based on its IC50 to identify whether DA has a synergy with AA in decreasing PC-3 cell viability. Apoptosis levels were measured using flow cytometry. The research includes a control group (C) and three treatment groups: AA group, DA group, and DA+AA group. GraphPad Prism, SPSS version 25 and CompuSyn software were used for statistical analysis. This study reveals that the IC50 dose of DA is 13.63 µM. The decrease of PC-3 cell viability exposed to DA occurs in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, PC-3 cell apoptosis is significantly increased in both the DA group and DA+AA compared to the control. Moreover, no difference in apoptosis level is noted between the DA and AA groups. Notably, there is a synergy between DA and AA, where a specific dose equal to one-fourth of the IC50 dose results in greater efficacy in reducing PC-3 cell viability compared to individual treatments of either DA or AA at the IC50 doses. This study demonstrates the potential of decursinol angelate as a single drug or combined with abiraterone acetate to reduce viability and increase apoptosis of castrate-resistant prostate cancer cells
Predictors for 30-day mortality in hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing liver resection
Get PDFHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks among the most prevalent and fatal liver cancers globally. Liver surgery, particularly resection, offers the potential for cure but poses challenges, especially in Indonesia, where patients often present in advanced stages. This study aimed to determine the intraoperative and perioperative factors associated with 30-day mortality of HCC patients undergoing liver resection at a tertiary referral hospital. The study included HCC patients undergoing liver resection at Karadi General Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia, between January 2018 and September 2023. Demographic data, intraoperative, perioperative, and postoperative factors were collected, with the primary outcome being 30-day mortality. Factors influencing 30-day survival were assessed using a log-rank test and the survival analysis employed Kaplan-Meier curves. Among 58 HCC patients who had liver resection, 62.1% were males, with a mean age was 57.27±9.56 years old. Preoperative comorbidities, notably hepatitis B, affected 34.4% of patients. Child-Pugh Score categorized 91.4% as class A. The study found a 30-day mortality rate of 10.3% with no subsequent increase in incidence. The failure-to-rescue rate (FTR) of this study was found to be 46%. Factors associated with 30-day mortality were Child-Pugh classification (p<0.001), intraoperative bleeding (p=0.001), creatinine levels (p=0.005), Clavien-Dindo classification (p<0.001), and posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) (p<0.001). This study suggests that pre-operative (Child-Pugh classification), intraoperative (blood loss volume) and postoperative factors (Creatinine level, Clavien-Dindo classification, and PHLF) could predict the mortality rate of HCC patients undergoing liver resection
Comparison of success rates in early stages of in vitro fertilization (IVF) in women with and without endometriosis
Get PDFEndometriosis remains a significant challenge for reproductive-aged women and is frequently associated with infertility. Although in vitro fertilization (IVF) is used to address infertility in women with endometriosis, its effectiveness in this context is still debated, particularly in developing countries such as Indonesia, where IVF remains a major challenge. The aim of this study was to investigate the success rates of early stages of IVF in women with and without endometriosis. A retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Graha Amerta Fertility Clinic, located within Dr. Soetomo Academic General Hospital in Surabaya, Indonesia. The quantity and quality of oocytes (the number of oocytes obtained by ovum pick-up (OPU) and the number of metaphase II (MII) oocytes), fertilization quality (the number of two-pronuclei oocytes and fertilization rate), embryo development quality (cleavage rate and blastocyst rate), biochemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, and live birth rate were collected from IVF patients between 2017−2022. Independent Student’s t-test or Mann-Whitney test was used accordingly for comparison analysis. A total of 410 IVF patients were included in the study; 93 had endometriosis, while 317 had no endometriosis. Oocyte quantity obtained by OPU (p=0.016) and oocyte quality (p=0.045), as measured by the number of MII oocytes, were significantly lower in the endometriosis group compared to the non-endometriosis group. However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of the number of two-pronuclei oocytes (p=0.105), fertilization rate (p=0.987), cleavage rate (p=0.467), blastocyst rate (p=0.128), biological pregnancy rates (OR: 0.98; 95%CI: 0.60–1.60; p=0.940), clinical pregnancy rate (OR: 0.69; 95%CI: 0.39–1.24, p=0.219), or live birth rate (p=0.609). These findings suggest that while endometriosis may reduce oocyte quantity and quality, it does not significantly impact the success rates of IVF
Exploring the therapeutic potential of functional foods for diabetes: A bibliometric analysis and scientific mapping
Get PDFThe incidence of diabetes is increasingly becoming a global health burden. Meanwhile, in recent years, functional foods have been intensively investigated for diabetes management. These foods provide health benefits due to their bioactive compounds that enhance the metabolism and lower the risk of chronic diseases, such as diabetes. The aim of this study was to explore the keywords, countries/territories, publication numbers, institutions, authors, and journals associated with functional foods for the management of diabetes using a comprehensive bibliometric analysis method. Scopus database was used to compile the information, followed by VOSviewer for comprehensive bibliometric data analysis. A total of 1,226 Scopus articles that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. The results showed that the greatest expansion in research occurred in 2012, and China was identified as the most productive nation in this field. In addition, Food and Function was found as the most recognized journal in this area, and Singh, R.B. as well as Zengin, G. made the greatest contribution. The bibliometric data also illustrated several mechanisms of functional foods for diabetes management, including antioxidant activity, effect on the gastrointestinal microbiomes, and inhibitor α-amylase. These results underscore the immense potential of functional foods in the diabetes management and provide guidance for future research on this subject
Effector function and neutrophil cell death in the severity of sepsis with diabetes mellitus
Get PDFSepsis, a life-threatening condition resulting from immune dysregulation, is typically triggered by bacterial infections and commonly coexists with diabetes mellitus. Neutrophils are the first responders to infection and require regulated activation to control pathogen and damage-associated molecular patterns. Dysregulation of neutrophil activation leads to uncontrolled inflammatory responses, often observed in both sepsis and diabetes patients. Neutrophil dysregulation, characterized by effector dysfunction and inadequate cell death processes, can serve as a biomarker for assessing sepsis severity, particularly in diabetic patients. This review article provides information on the relationship between effector function, neutrophil cell death, and the severity of sepsis in individuals with diabetes mellitus, aiming to shed light on the mechanisms underlying sepsis progression. Topics covered in the review include an overview of effector function of neutrophil cells, mechanisms of neutrophil cell death, and dysregulation of effectors and neutrophil cell death processes in sepsis severity with diabetes mellitus
Relationship of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction with quality of life in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)
Get PDFHeart failure is a complex clinical manifestation due to diastolic dysfunction and systolic dysfunction of the left ventricle (LV). Diastolic dysfunction of the LV plays an important role in worsening the quality of life (QoL) in heart failure patients. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the severity or grade of LV diastolic dysfunction and QoL in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) patients. A retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Cardiac Center of H. Adam Malik Hospital, Medan, Indonesia, from January 2022 to December 2022. This study included inpatients and outpatients aged above 18 years who were diagnosed with HFrEF, identified by echocardiography with an ejection fraction of ≤40%. Echocardiography was performed to evaluate left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, and QoL was assessed using the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) 6–12 months after the severity of LV diastolic dysfunction was confirmed. The MLHFQ was classified into good and poor QoL. The severity of LV diastolic function was measured using the E/A ratio, mean E/e' ratio, tricuspid regurgitation velocity (TR Vmax), and left atrial volume index (LAVI), and was classified into grades I, II, and III. The relationships between the severity of diastolic dysfunction and other factors with QoL were measured using Chi-squared, Fisher's exact test, or Mann-Whitney test, as appropriate. A total of 96 patients were included in the study, of which 56 (58.3%) patients had grade I, 12 (12.5%) had grade II, and 28 (29.2%) patients had grade III of LV diastolic dysfunction. There were 77 (80.2%) and 19 (19.8%) patients with good and poor QoL, respectively. This study revealed a significant relationship between the severity of LV diastolic dysfunction and QoL in HFrEF patients with p=0.040. In conclusion, the degree of LV diastolic dysfunction is related to the QoL of HFrEF patients and therefore better comprehensive management strategies should be considered in HFrEF cases to address the impact of LV diastolic dysfunction on QoL
Association between NT-proBNP level and the number of stents with major advanced cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease treated with percutaneous coronary intervention: A prospective cohort study
Get PDFComplex revascularization strategies, particularly complete revascularization, are controversial in coronary artery disease (CAD), and data supporting routine revascularization in stable CAD is lacking. The importance of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in CAD and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), which has been studied as a predictor of major advanced cardiovascular events (MACE) in CAD patients, still requires further research. The aim of this study was to determine the association between NT-proBNP levels and the number of stents with MACE incidence in CAD cases. A prospective cohort study was conducted in both types of CAD (acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and chronic coronary syndrome (CCS)). The NT-proBNP levels were measured pre- and post-PCI using fluorescence immunoassay, while MACE was assessed three months post-PCI. The Student t-test was used to compare the levels of NT-proBNP between pre- and post-PCI and between those who had MACE and did not; both in patients treated with single or multiple stenting groups. A total of 32 CAD patients were recruited, consisting of 20 ACS cases and 12 CCS cases. NT-proBNP levels post-PCI increased significantly in both ACS and CCS patients compared to pre-PCI either among those treated with single and multiple stentings. MACE occurred in 4 (12.5%) out of a total of 32 patients, all of which occurred in ACS patients treated with multiple stentings. Those who had MACE had higher post-PCI NT-proBNP levels compared to those who did not have MACE (23,703.50 vs 11,600.17 pg/mL, p=0.013). This study highlights the association between elevated NT-proBNP levels and multiple stenting with the presence of MACE in CAD patients, particularly in ACS cases