International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
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Physical activity levels, blood pressure status, and their correlates among secretariat officers: a cross-sectional study from Bangladesh
Full text linkBackground: Hypertension remains a major global health concern, with sedentary lifestyles contributing significantly to its prevalence. Secretariat officers, due to their desk-bound occupations, face an increased risk of hypertension. Physical activity is associated with blood pressure regulation, but little information is available on its association with government employees in Bangladesh. This study aimed to assess the physical activity level, blood pressure status and their association among secretariat officers in Bangladesh.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1 to December 31, 2020 among 255 officers of the Bangladesh Secretariat’s Information Communication Technology and Public-Private Partnership ministries. Data assessment included structured questionnaires, physical measurements (BMI, blood pressure), and the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ). Blood pressure was grouped according to standard guidelines, and physical activity was classified as low, moderate, and high. SPSS was used to perform statistical analyses, applying chi-square and t-tests to assess significance.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 35.55±6.9 years, with 76.9% male. 25.5% of the respondents were hypertensive, and 11.8% were prehypertensive. 49% of participants were sedentary, 30% met guidelines for physical activity, and 21% remained just below the mark. There was a significant association between overweight and obesity (p=0.00) and hypertension, but no significant association between physical activity levels and blood pressure (p=0.226).
Conclusions: Hypertension remains common, even among those with moderate to high levels of physical activity, and other contributing factors, such as occupational stress and BMI, must be taken into account. Targeted interventions, such as workplace wellness programs and periodic screening, are recommended to mitigate hypertension risks among secretariat officers
Inverted abdominoplasty as a reconstructive option in a patient with lipolaser burn sequelae
Full text linkBurn sequelae secondary to lipolaser procedures pose a therapeutic challenge in plastic surgery due to both aesthetic and functional alterations of the abdominal tissue. We present the case of a 48-year-old female patient with an epigastric burn following lipolaser, resulting in cutaneous deformity, retraction, and pathological scarring. She was successfully treated with an inverted abdominoplasty combined with a lower mini-abdominoplasty. This approach enabled the resection of damaged tissue, redistribution of upper abdominal skin, and improvement of the abdominal contour. The surgical procedure was performed under general anesthesia, lasting 150 minutes, with hospital discharge at 24 hours. Although a new scar was created in the upper abdomen, it was well concealed within the natural inframammary folds. During follow-up, a late complication of keloid scarring was identified and effectively managed with three intralesional triamcinolone injections, without the need for further surgical intervention. Postoperative evolution was satisfactory, achieving both functional recovery and favorable aesthetic outcomes, with improved quality of life and body image perception. This case demonstrates that inverted abdominoplasty is an effective reconstructive option for patients with upper abdominal deformities resulting from inadequately performed aesthetic procedures. When properly indicated, carefully planned, and technically well executed, this technique offers safe and predictable results in the context of burn sequelae, and continues to consolidate its role as a valuable tool within the reconstructive surgical arsenal
A rare case of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome in adulthood
Full text linkLesch-Nyhan syndrome (LNS) is a rare X-linked recessive disorder characterized by hyperuricemia, neurodevelopmental delay, self-mutilation, and gouty arthritis. We present a unique case of a 19-year-old male with a delayed diagnosis of LNS, highlighting the diagnostic challenges associated with adult presentations of this syndrome. The patient exhibited classic symptoms, including severe hyperuricemia, bilateral renal stones, gouty tophi on palms, polyarthralgia, self-injurious behavior, low IQ, delayed motor development, and ataxia. The diagnosis was confirmed through clinical evaluation and biochemical testing, revealing significantly elevated serum uric acid levels. Management included dietary modifications, aggressive hydration, and uricosuric medications, leading to symptomatic improvement. This case underscores the importance of considering LNS in patients with unexplained hyperuricemia and neurobehavioral symptoms. Early diagnosis and appropriate management can improve the quality of life and reduce complications
Hepatoprotective efficacy of ursodeoxycholic acid in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Full text linkBackground: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most prevalent pediatric malignancy, with an 80–85% survival rate. Despite advances, treatment-related hepatotoxicity remains a concern due to its impact on morbidity and chemotherapy adherence. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has been proposed for its hepatoprotective potential during chemotherapy in pediatric ALL patients. This study evaluated UDCA's efficacy in preventing hepatotoxicity in children with ALL during the consolidation and interim maintenance chemotherapy phases.
Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted from September 2018 to August 2019 at BSMMU on 50 children (aged 1–18 years) with newly diagnosed ALL undergoing chemotherapy per the UK ALL 2003 protocol. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either UDCA plus chemotherapy (case group) or chemotherapy alone (control group). Hepatic function tests (ALT, AST, bilirubin) were monitored biweekly for three months, with hepatotoxicity defined as transaminase levels exceeding three times the upper normal limit.
Results: Fifty patients participated (25 in each group). Hepatotoxicity occurred in 32% of the case group versus 60% of the control group (p=0.040). Mean ALT and AST levels were significantly lower in the UDCA group compared to controls (p=0.004 and 0.001, respectively), particularly during the third to fifth follow-ups. Only one patient (4%) in the UDCA group required dose adjustments, compared to 40% in the control group.
Conclusion: UDCA co-administration reduced hepatic enzyme elevations and minimized chemotherapy interruptions, demonstrating hepatoprotective effects. Larger studies with longer follow-ups are needed to validate its safety and efficacy
Elucidating the role of zinc oxide in dermatitis of varied etiology across the age spectrum: a comprehensive review
Full text linkZinc oxide (ZnO) is widely used in dermatology for its protective, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing properties. This comprehensive secondary review evaluates the efficacy of ZnO in preventing and managing skin rashes across pediatric and adult populations, including those caused by tight clothing, frictional dermatoses, sanitary pad dermatitis, diaper dermatitis (DD), contact dermatitis, and anti-chafing conditions. ZnO plays a crucial role in skin barrier repair, hydration, and the treatment of inflammatory conditions, making it particularly beneficial for thick-skin areas. Clinical evidence confirms the efficacy of ZnO in various concentrations, with 5-10% proving effective for mild cases, while higher concentrations or combination therapies with tocopherol and petrolatum enhance therapeutic benefits. Additionally, ZnO has shown effectiveness in wart management, with a 20% ZnO ointment is comparable to a combination of 15% salicylic acid and 15% lactic acid ointment, with half of the patients achieving complete cure within three months without scarring, hypopigmentation, or hyperpigmentation, while another randomized, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled trial found that topical 15% ZnO ointment significantly reduced the median surface area of common warts after four weeks. These findings suggest that ZnO can be used as an adjunctive therapy to enhance the efficacy of other treatments. These findings establish ZnO as a versatile agent in the prevention and treatment of rashes across multiple skin conditions, reinforcing its tolerability, efficacy, and role in maintaining skin health.
Study of histopathological spectrum in various prostatic lesions in transurethral resection of prostate specimen
Full text linkBackground: The prostate is an organ located retroperitoneally that surrounds the neck of the bladder and urethra. The majority of instances of prostatic disease are caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), followed by prostatic adenocarcinoma. Transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) is required to detect prostatic abnormalities. Purpose of this study was to examine histomorphological spectrum of prostatic lesions in TURP specimen.
Methods: Total 150 TURP specimens were studied which were received during September,2022 to July 2023 at Universal pathology laboratory, a private laboratory. Sections of typical lesional tissue and gross findings were observed in all received TURP specimen. Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained slides were examined. Following histological assessment, tumors were classified according to WHO recommendation, and histological grading was done using modified Gleason system.
Results: A total 150 TURP specimens were studied were included 145(96.66%) non-neoplastic and 5 (3.33%) to be cancerous (Table no.2). Among the benign lesions, Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) 116 cases, BPH+ Chronic prostatitis 21 cases, BPH+ basal cell hyperplasia 4 cases, Granulomatous prostatitis 1 case, Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia 3 cases and 4 cases of malignant lesions were observed.
Conclusions: TURP plays a significant role in the diagnosis of prostatic lesions. The benign lesions are more common than malignant ones. The modified Gleason score is applied for prostatic cancer, which is simple and accurate to grade these malignancies
Exceptional remission in laryngeal synovial sarcoma: a unique case treated with single-modality IMRT- Ranchi tertiary care centre experience
Full text linkLaryngeal synovial sarcoma is an extremely rare cancer originating from smooth muscle cells predominantly found in the extremities. It is uncommon in the head and neck, with laryngeal involvement particularly rare, making accurate diagnosis challenging. This case report follows the journey of a 32-year-old female patient diagnosed with laryngeal synovial sarcoma. Notably, the patient underwent an unconventional treatment using only intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). Surprisingly, the patient achieved complete remission at the one-year follow-up, making this case exceptionally rare. It is noteworthy as one of the few instances where a single treatment modality, specifically IMRT, successfully led to complete remission in laryngeal synovial sarcoma treatment
The role of transvaginal ultrasound in assessing ovarian function and guiding treatment in infertility management
Full text linkThis study investigates the role of transvaginal sonography (TVS) in diagnosing and managing female infertility. It highlights TVS's effectiveness in detecting ovulatory disorders, structural abnormalities and age-related fertility issues. Results revealed 85% accuracy in diagnosing polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and a 92% accuracy in identifying uterine anomalies, significantly aiding treatment planning. TVS also contributed to the evaluation of endometrial issues and ovarian reserve in women over 35, revealing diminished reserves in 68% of cases. Compared to hysterosalpingography (HSG) and laparoscopy, TVS offered a non-invasive, cost-effective and comfortable alternative for structural evaluations. The findings underscore the value of TVS in personalizing fertility treatments, particularly in assisted reproductive technologies (ART)
Atenolol overdose successfully treated with hemodialysis-a case report
Full text linkAtenolol is a cardio selective beta-blocker and its toxicity often leads to severe hemodynamic instability and contributes to mortality. A significant number of fatal poisonings are caused by beta blockers and supportive therapy is the cornerstone of treatment. We report a case of atenolol toxicity, who had bradycardia and severe hypotension. The patient was administered with high dose insulin therapy, glucagon infusion, lipid emulsion therapy and vasopressors to maintain the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and normal heart rate. Despite these, the patient did not show any clinical improvement. Owing to the favourable hydrophilic and pharmacokinetic characteristics of atenolol, we have administered hemodialysis treatment, with which subsequent improvement in hemodynamic and clinical parameters were observed. The management of atenolol overdose was thus successful with hemodialysis.
Correlation between 1-min-sit-to-stand test and 6-min walk test in patients with cardiorespiratory disorders: a brief review
Full text linkCardiorespiratory disorders, including cardiovascular and respiratory conditions, are significant global health issues, with millions of deaths annually attributed to these causes. Environmental factors play a substantial role in increasing the risk of these diseases. Children and adolescents with low cardiorespiratory fitness are at a higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases later in life, and their fitness levels tend to remain low over the years. The 6-minute walk test (6MWT) is commonly used to assess exercise tolerance in patients with chronic lung diseases and cardiac conditions, while the 1-minute sit-to-stand test (1STS) measures a participant's ability to perform daily activities. This brief review was conducted on databases from Pubmed, Google scholar and Research Gate to find out the correlation between 1-min-sit-to-stand test and 6-min walk test in patients with cardiorespiratory disorders. This review included 10 studies on the comparison between 1-min-sit-to-stand and 6-min walk test in patients with cardiorespiratory disorders so as to frame a definite conclusion as to whether 1STST can be a valid alternative to 6MWT in the cardiorespiratory disorders