International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
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Teaching and learning developmental anatomy: exploring google classroom engagement through preferred usage, behavioural intentions, and actual practices
Get PDFBackground: In the 21st century researchers, trainers and teachers have begun to design and implement variety of teaching methodologies using online technology to improve traditional face-to-face teaching. Blended learning improves student engagement. In education, blended learning environment offers the convenience of the online environment without losing face-to-face teaching, and interaction with the learners. Objectives of the study were: to compare/estimate the difference the effective learning between the traditional pedagogy blended learning activities through eLearning; and to know the perception of the blended learning experience through eLearning in using google classroom site.
Methods: Regular classroom was used for traditional lecture and digital library for blended learning for the 1st MBBS students.
Results: In our study we found digital learning did improve students test score significantly. Students found blended learning helpful for learning the topics chosen in embryology. About 95% of the students strongly agreed to the fact that blended learning in digital library is conducive for learning the developmental anatomy.
Conclusions: During the study we found that blended learning environment is effective in teaching-learning embryology on students in terms of impact on learning and their perceived satisfaction. In the current study suggest that both preferred easy to use and preferred use positively affect the behavioral intention by undergraduates’ students who perceive the use of Google classrooms as easy and useful, and they are highly motivated toward the incorporation of such pedagogical tools in their learning process of developmental anatomy
Study of carbapenem resistance in patients admitted to MICU in a tertiary care hospital
Get PDFBackground: Carbapenem Resistance is defined as gram negative bacteria that are resistant to one or all of the following carbapenems: ertapenem, meropenem, imipenem or doripenem. Recognizing the risk of resistance to carbapenem especially in the most vulnerable patients and the early detection of specific carbapenem-resistance mechanisms are critical to reducing the risk of mortality, length of hospitalization and associated costs. So, this study is done to detect carbapenem resistance in patients admitted in MICU.
Methods: A Retrospective study was carried out for one year from period of January 2023-January 2024 in the Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Aurangabad. Total 1941 samples were received from patients admitted in the medical intensive care unit (MICU). The isolates were identified using standard microbiological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique and interpreted as per CLSI 2023 standards.
Results: Out of 1941 samples, total gram-negative isolates were 775 (40%), 478 samples were sterile and rest were gram positive organism. Out of gram-negative organism Acinetobacter baumannii (26.58%), Escherichia coli (11.74%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (32.25%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (29.41%) were isolated. In case of Acinetobacter, Carbapenem resistant is high and is around 90%, in Escherichia coli it is 74%, in Klebsiella and Pseudomonas it is 83% and 44% respectively.
Conclusions: In our study Acinetobacter baumannii shows high carbapenem resistance. The efficient ways to avoid infection include strict adherence to infection prevention and control practices like hand hygiene techniques and bundle care approach
Malaria parasitaemia among the under-12 children in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
Get PDFBackground: Malaria is a preventable and curable but life-threatening disease that is transmitted to humans by female Anophelis mosquitoes. It is mostly found in tropical countries. The study sets out to determine the malaria parasitaemia among children under the age of 12 years in Akure, Ondo State.
Methods: The study was a prospective, cross sectional and hospital-based where blood specimen were collected from children aged 1 day old to 12 years. Microscopy method was used to detect the malaria parasite and confirmed by nested PCR method. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using Microsoft excel and the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 20.0
Results: Overall prevalence of malaria was 64.2%. The neonates had the highest prevalence of 96.8%. P. falciparum was the most predominant species (99.4%), prevalence of malaria decreases with increasing birth order but prevalence was significantly higher among children in the first birth order and lower socio-economic class. There was no significant difference between parasite intensity among gender, p=0.585. Majority of children (94.2%) were well nourished.
Conclusions: The study showed that prevalence of malaria is high in children under 12 in Ondo State. The neonates were worse hit, though with least parasite intensity. We suggest intensified and concerted effort in malaria prevention and control in the state
Effect of matrix rhythm therapy on muscle strength and motor nerve conduction velocity in patient with foot drop: a case report
Get PDFFoot drop is a neurological symptom leading to the inability to lift the forefoot due to the weakness of the dorsiflexors of the foot. Physiotherapy treatment plays crucial role in the treatment of foot drop. Matrix rhythm therapy (MaRhyThe) is an advanced physiotherapy modality that activates and rebalances specific physiological vibrations of skeletal muscles and the nervous system. While MaRhyThe has demonstrated effectiveness in various musculoskeletal and neurological disorders, its impact on foot drop has not been previously studied. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of MaRhyThe on muscle strength and motor nerve conduction velocity in foot drop patient. The patient received MaRhyThe, targeting the course of the sciatic nerve for 60 minutes once weekly over three consecutive sessions along with conventional physiotherapy. MRC grading for muscle strength, Stanmore assessment questionnaire for foot drop, and Nerve conduction velocity were outcome measures. The patient showed improvement in active dorsiflexion and muscle strength of tibialis anterior and extensor halluces longus. The findings suggest that MaRhyThe in combination with conventional physiotherapy showed promising results in the treatment of foot drop. Further research is needed to validate the findings of this case report, including clinical and controlled trials.
Conventional cervical smears disclose histoplasmosis: a case report
Get PDFHistoplasmosis is an uncommon fungal infection caused by Histoplasma capsulatum, often presenting as a pulmonary disease in endemic regions. Extrapulmonary manifestations, particularly involving the genitourinary tract, are exceedingly rare and pose diagnostic challenges. This case report discusses a 36-year-old female who presented with a one-year history of foul-smelling white vaginal discharge, abdominal discomfort, and lower back pain. Cytological analysis of a pap smear revealed extracellular yeast-like cells consistent with histoplasma capsulatum. The smear was classified as negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM). Routine blood tests and organ function tests were normal, and further investigations were recommended to exclude systemic histoplasmosis, including serological detection of anti-H and anti-M antibodies using histoplasmin. The rarity of this presentation emphasizes the importance of considering fungal infections in the differential diagnosis of chronic gynecological symptoms, particularly in regions where histoplasmosis is endemic. Pap smear cytology, a cost-effective and accessible diagnostic tool, was pivotal in identifying the pathogen. Differential diagnoses such as candidiasis and cryptococcosis were ruled out based on the characteristic morphological features of histoplasma capsulatum. Comprehensive management, including systemic screening and potential antifungal therapy, is essential to prevent disease progression. This case underscores the need for heightened clinical awareness and a multidisciplinary approach to diagnose and manage rare fungal infections in gynecological practice. Additionally, it highlights the diagnostic utility of cytological methods in identifying atypical pathogens beyond routine cervical cancer screening
Variation in origin of pectoralis minor muscle: a case report
Get PDFPectoralis minor is a slender, triangular muscle deep within the pectoralis major. It originates from the exterior surfaces of the third through fifth ribs, in the vicinity of their cartilages and fascia covering the adjacent external intercostal muscles. Under the pectoralis major's cover, its fibres climb laterally and converge into a flat tendon linked to the medial border and top surface of the scapula's coracoid process. A portion of the tendon may cross the coracoid process and enter the coracoacromial ligament. In regular dissection muscles of the pectoral region were observed and the pectoralis minor muscle variation was noted. Out of 10 cadavers, a male cadaver showed bilateral variation in the origin of the pectoralis minor muscle. In this case, we found the origin of the pectoralis minor muscle was from the outer surface of the second to fifth rib, near their cartilages. The present case is a rare anomaly and is being reported as this knowledge is of importance great importance to surgeons, orthopedics and sports medicine as it could lead to shoulder pain, rotator cuff pathologies, winging of scapula, impingement of neurovascular bundle knows as pectoralis minor syndrome.
Orthodontic management of buccally erupted ectopic canine in a 12 year-old child
Get PDFEctopic teeth are teeth that develop displaced from their normal position. Any permanent tooth can be ectopic, and the cause may be both genetic and environmental. Ectopic buccally erupted maxillary canines are one of the most frequently encountered conditions because of its long path of eruption. Re positioning of these tooth is important because ectopic canine teeth can migrate in the jaw bone and may damage the adjacent teeth roots and bone. Treatment is also justifiable for aesthetic reasons. Diagnosis and treatment of ectopically erupting permanent maxillary canines requires timely management by the orthodontist. Internal or external root resorption of teeth adjacent to the ectopic canine is the most common sequel. Malocclusion with severe crowding is difficult to treat without extraction. Non-extraction treatment of ectopic canines can compromise the patient's profile. This article presents a cases of extraction treatment approach for buccally displaced or ectopic canine in a patient
Impact of cellular therapies and tissue bioengineering on skin regeneration for patients with refractory chronic ulcers: a systematic review
Get PDFCellular therapies and tissue bioengineering show promise in treating chronic ulcers, including diabetic foot, venous, and pressure ulcers. These conditions affect over 2% of the population and pose serious health risks, including infection and amputation. Conventional treatments often fail, leading to prolonged healing times and increased healthcare costs. This systematic review assesses the effectiveness of regenerative approaches by analyzing their impact on wound closure, skin thickness, pain-free walking, and the ankle–brachial index. A thorough search in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library identified relevant randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews. Studies using stem cells, fibroblasts, keratinocytes, bioengineered skin, and 3D bioprinting were included. Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed study quality. A random-effects model was applied to account for variability. Findings show that cellular therapies and tissue bioengineering significantly improve wound healing. The systematic review revealed higher wound closure rates (RD=0.36, p<0.01), increased skin thickness (SMD=0.65, p<0.05), and greater pain-free walking distance (SMD=1.27, p<0.001). Adverse events were minimal, with no significant differences between intervention and control groups. These therapies enhance healing and tissue regeneration, supporting their use in clinical practice. Further research is needed to refine treatment protocols and ensure long-term safety and effectiveness
An acute abdomen due to torsion of an accessory spleen: a case report
Get PDFTorsion of accessory splenic is a rare cause of acute abdomen that usually presents diagnostic challenges. This report presents a case of a 35-year-old diabetic male who was diagnosed with torsion of an accessory spleen (AS) on contrast enhanced CT scan and managed conservatively.
Psychological distress among pharmacy students in Ghana and its impact on academic performance
Get PDFBackground: Mental health encompasses emotional, psychological, and social well-being, shaping cognition, behaviour, and interpersonal relationships across the lifespan. There is a high level of stress, anxiety and depression among students of professional programs such as pharmacy. Academic distress is expected to be associated with high general anxiety.
Methods: The study employed a quantitative cross-sectional design and used the depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS-21) to measure psychological distress and self-reported grade point average (GPA) for academic performance. A sample of 482 pharmacy students from three pharmacy institutions completed the online survey between April and July 2024.
Results: Out of 497 participants, 482 completed the study, yielding a 97% completion rate. Of these, 50.6% were female (n=244) and 49.4% male (n=238). Most students (46.9%) were aged 21-24, about a quarter below 21 years, while the fewest were 30 or older. The majority were Christians (86.3%), followed by Muslims (12%), with a small proportion from other faiths. About 80% (n=386) of respondents reported symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. Both males and females showed similar levels of anxiety and depression. However, females had a 37% higher likelihood of reporting stress than their male counterparts (OR=0.73, p=0.002).
Conclusions: This study revealed a high prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress among pharmacy students in Ghana, with female students particularly prone to stress. While anxiety and depression correlate positively with higher academic performance, stress shows a negative impact