International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
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Study of brain derived neurotrophic factor and cognition in mobile addicts: an observational study
Get PDFBackground: Smartphones are the most popular devices and most used devices which leads to uncontrolled use or addiction. Neuroplasticity is the ability of the central nervous system to modify its structure and functions as reaction to internal and external stimuli which can be measured by levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Excessive smartphone uses results in negative impacts on cognition. Thus, this study aims to understand the process of neuroplasticity and cognition by studying the levels of serum BDNF in Mobile Addicts.
Methods: This observational study included 48 participants divided into two groups 1) mobile addicts (n=24) and 2) non-mobile addicts (n=24). We assessed levels of BDNF using blood test and Cognition by using a game-based app in each of the participants. We analyzed the results of the BDNF test and the Cognition test and compared the results between the two groups.
Results: In the conducted study, a comparison among mobile and non-mobile addicts showed no statistical significance in BDNF levels and Cognition scores with p value 0.4897 and 0.04897 respectively.
Conclusion: The study concludes that there is no difference in the process of neuroplasticity and cognition occurring in the brains of age and gender matched Mobile addicts and non-mobile addicts
Optimizing critical care for the elderly in resource-limited setting: intensive care unit verses high dependency unit
Get PDFThis article delves into the comparative advantages of Intensive Care Units (ICUs) over High-Dependency Units (HDUs) for geriatric patients, particularly in settings with limited resources. It investigates how ICUs outperform HDUs in terms of clinical outcomes and economic efficiency. Recent studies highlight that ICUs offer superior monitoring and specialized care, resulting in significantly better health outcomes for elderly patients, especially those with severe comorbidities and complex medical conditions. Lower mortality rates and improved functional recovery post-discharge underscore the benefits of ICU care compared to HDUs. Moreover, the economic analysis emphasizes the importance of cost-effectiveness in resource-constrained environments, ensuring that investments in ICU facilities yield substantial improvements in patient outcomes. This article consolidates evidence to underscore the advantages of ICU care for geriatric patients, advocating for informed healthcare policies that prioritize ICU resources to maximize overall health benefits.
 
A case report on spindle cell neoplasm of ovary
Get PDFOvarian spindle cell neoplasms are rare stromal tumors that pose significant diagnostic and management challenges due to their potential for aggressive behavior and their ability to mimic other malignancies. These tumors can be classified as benign, borderline, or malignant, each with distinct clinical features and treatment approaches. Despite their rarity, spindle cell tumors can exhibit malignant potential, necessitating early detection and intervention. This report presents the case of a 35-year-old woman who presented with lower abdominal pain and distension for four months. Imaging revealed a large solid-cystic mass suggestive of a neoplastic etiology, classified as ORADS 5, though tumor markers remained within normal limits. Laparotomy uncovered a 10 kg left ovarian mass, primarily cystic with mucinous degenerative changes, and histopathology confirmed a spindle cell neoplasm with focal atypia but no malignant transformation. Although imaging indicated a high suspicion for malignancy, the histological findings negated malignancy. Surgical management through total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral oophorectomy provided significant symptom relief. Given the rare and potentially aggressive nature of these tumors, ongoing follow-up and consideration of oncological therapies are essential. This case emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive diagnostic approach including imaging, tumor markers, surgical staging, and histopathology, particularly as such tumors can occur in younger women. Age alone should not exclude the possibility of an ovarian spindle cell neoplasm, and further research is needed to refine diagnosis and treatment strategies for improved clinical outcomes
Pulmonary Brucellosis: a shrewd imposter
Get PDFBrucellosis is a zoonotic bacterial infection with a broad clinical spectrum, often mimicking other infectious and non-infectious diseases. Due to its nonspecific presentation, delayed diagnosis is common, leading to potential complications. We report a case of young female presented with fever, associated with constitutional symptoms, cervical lymphadenopathy and lower respiratory tract infection features. Her Tuberculosis workup, tropical fever and other viral infection workup, lymphoma evaluation and vasculitis work up were negative. She had persistent symptoms and later Brucella serology sent as she came from area where Brucellosis is endemic. The report came as positive for Brucellosis. The patient managed in intensive care unit with respiratory support, antibiotic and other supportive care. Later she became symptomatically better and had radiological clearance
Assessment of carbohydrate count and standard diabetic diet on children growth with type 1 diabetes
Get PDFBackground: The management of optimal blood glucose levels in type 1 diabetes children is essential with proper nutrition therapy to achieve age-appropriate growth and development and to avoid acute and chronic complications.
Methods: One hundred type 1 diabetes aged between 6 and 18 years were on insulin with the duration of one year were enrolled in the study. The participants were divided into two groups of fifty in each. The control group received a standard diet and routine treatment and intervention group received carbohydrate-count diet in addition to standard care. Detailed history, anthropometric, biochemical, clinical examination and 3-day dietary intake were collected at baseline baseline, three months, and after six months.
Results: The intervention group exhibited significantly lower mean HbA1c levels than control group, indicating improved glycemic control. Categorizing patients into weight-for-age categories revealed a significant difference in distribution between control group at baseline (CG-38.6±11.9) and after six months (40.4±11.5), p=00024. In comparison, the intervention group showed a significant difference at baseline (IG-37.1±13.6) and after six months (39.4±13.6), p=00001. However, the intervention group showed more substantial improvement in weight gain. Although mean differences in BMI-SDS between control and intervention groups were observed.
Conclusions: Carbohydrate counting method showed significant improvement in glycemic levels in intervention group and intern reduced insulin requirement this could achieve the age-appropriate growth patterns in children with Type 1 diabetes
The regenerative revolution in dentistry: stem cells as the future of oral health
Get PDFStem cell-based therapies represent a transformative frontier in regenerative dentistry, offering biologically driven solutions for the restoration of dental and craniofacial tissues. Unlike conventional approaches that rely on synthetic materials, regenerative dentistry utilizes the self-renewing and multipotent nature of stem cells to regenerate pulp, dentin, periodontal ligaments, and even alveolar bone. Various stem cell sources- such as dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs), and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs)- demonstrate diverse regenerative potentials suited for specific dental applications. Clinical advances include pulp-dentin complex regeneration, periodontal tissue repair, and jawbone reconstruction using stem cells combined with bioactive scaffolds and growth factors like BMPs, VEGF, and PDGF. Innovations in 3D bioprinting, scaffold engineering, and cell-free therapies using exosomes continue to enhance therapeutic outcomes. Despite promising results, challenges remain in standardization, immune compatibility, and cost-effectiveness, alongside ethical constraints particularly regarding embryonic stem cells. Ongoing clinical trials and emerging technologies like CRISPR gene editing and artificial intelligence offer new avenues for precision regenerative therapies. As personalized dental medicine evolves, interdisciplinary collaboration will be key to translating laboratory success into accessible, scalable clinical solutions. Stem cells not only offer hope for functional tissue regeneration but also mark a paradigm shift in patient-specific dental care
Naso-orbito-ethmoidal and nasal bone fractures, associated with anosmia and olfactory disorders
Get PDFBackground: Facial trauma is among the first three causes of alterations in the sense of smell, however, among the many sequelae that can be left by a facial trauma involving the fracture of bone structures, this is one of the least addressed issues and for which there is less information about the prevalence and incidence as well as its management. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of olfactory disorders, after presenting a facial fracture that covers the area of the nasal bones and the naso-orbito-ethmoidal region (NOE).
Methods: This retrospective study analyzed the prevalence of alterations in olfaction after the presence of facial traumatisms that covered the centrofacial region known as naso-orbito-ethmoidal, during the period of time from 2019 to 2024, collecting 36 patients, subdividing the patients to assess whether there was a proportional relationship of severity with a higher prevalence of hyposmia or anosmia.
Results: The study included 36 patients with a mean age of 28.29 years, the 20–30 age group being the most prevalent (53.5%). A total of 13 (17.8%) patients have diagnosed a NOE fracture and 23 (82.2%) with nose fracture. Of the patients with type NOE fracture, 6 (46%) presented an olfactory alteration, being 2 with type NOE I, 3 with type NOE II and 1 with type NOE III. Of the patients with nasal bone fractures, 10 (43%) had an olfactory alteration.
Conclusions: Patients who suffer with a facial trauma of the centrofacial region, undergo in a large proportion with alterations of the sense of smell, observing a proportional relationship between the severity of the trauma and hyposmia without presenting an improvement despite appropriate surgical management, so it is very important that when performing the initial physical examination, to verify the presence of olfactory alterations if the patient's conditions are so affected
A comprehensive review on the impact of cervical spondylosis on quality of life and its management through Unani system of medicine: a review
Get PDFIn the Unani system of medicine, cervical spondylosis is categorized under the broad term known as Waja-ul-Mafasil, which encompasses a wide range of joint disorders including inflammatory, non-inflammatory, infectious, metabolic, and other musculoskeletal ailments. Cervical spondylosis specifically refers to the degenerative changes in the intervertebral discs and adjacent vertebrae in the cervical spine, primarily caused by age related wear and tear. Given the limitations and side effects associated with long term conventional treatments and the considerable impact of the condition on an individual’s physical, mental, and social wellbeing many patients explore alternative therapies. Unani medicine offers various treatment strategies, known as Tadabeer, for managing joint related conditions. This literature review aims to evaluate the existing evidence provided by classical Unani scholars and assess clinical studies on the effectiveness of different regimenal therapies in alleviating joint pain through Unani approaches. The review was conducted using databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and Medline, along with classical Unani manuscripts accessed from the library of State Unani Medical College, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. Considering the inadequacy of conventional medical treatments, Unani medicine presents a promising alternative through its comprehensive methods including dietary regulations, regimenal procedures, and pharmacological interventions for managing cervical spondylosis.
Role of furfuryl palmitate based new generation emollient as an adjutant in management and maintenance of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis: a case report
Get PDFAtopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis vulgaris are chronic inflammatory skin diseases that impose a significant clinical and psychosocial burden. Sustaining long-term remission and preventing relapse remain persistent challenges. Conventional therapies, while effective, are often limited by side effects and issues with patient adherence. Recent evidence highlights the role of oxidative stress in skin barrier disruption and inflammation, suggesting the potential of antioxidant-based adjunctive therapies. This report describes two clinical cases—one of atopic dermatitis and the other of psoriasis vulgaris—in which a furfuryl palmitate-based, antioxidant-rich emollient was integrated into the treatment plan. In both patients, the emollient was used alongside standard systemic or topical therapies. Both cases showed marked clinical improvement, including reduced lesion severity, rapid itch relief, and extended remission periods without relapse. These findings suggest that oxidative stress modulation through antioxidant emollients like furfuryl palmitate may serve as a valuable adjunct in the long-term management of AD and psoriasis. Adjunctive use may support skin barrier repair, enhance therapeutic outcomes, and reduce the frequency of disease flares. Further clinical studies are warranted to substantiate these observations
Aesthetics in implantology
Get PDFThe field of dentistry has been transformed by osseointegrated implants, providing a dependable and lasting solution for patients who have lost teeth. These implants are now a highly successful and widely accepted treatment. Historically, the success of implant placement depended heavily on the quantity and quality of existing bone. However, with innovations like guided tissue regeneration (GTR) and new tools such as Osseo densification burs, it's now possible to place implants successfully even in areas with less-than-ideal bone. When placing implants in these more challenging locations, the focus extends beyond just functional success to include crucial esthetic considerations. These include the shape of the alveolar ridge contour, the health of the surrounding mucosa, the position of the crown margin, the crown form, the interdental spacing, how the occlusal surface design, the placement of the incisal edge positioning, how the lip supports, and the overall appearance of the smile