International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
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Descriptive retrospective study on dental implant failure by analyzing various factors: a 15-year study
Get PDFBackground: Dental implant failure remains a significant clinical challenge despite advances in implantology. Understanding the underlying causes and contributing factors is crucial for improving implant success and patient outcomes.
Methods: This descriptive retrospective study was conducted over 15 years from January 2010 to December 2024 at two specialized dental centers in Dhaka, Bangladesh Banasree Dental and Implant Center and German Dental and Implant Center. Clinical records of 261 patients, aged 20-90 years, who received a total of 510 implants were reviewed. Data were collected from clinical files, radiographs and follow-up records to evaluate implant characteristics, duration of survival and causes of failure.
Results: Of the 261 patients, 158 (61%) were male and 103 (39%) were female, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.5:1. Most patients were middle-aged or older. A total of 285 implants (55.9%) were placed in the maxilla and 225 (44.1%) in the mandible. The majority (95.49%) received initial treatment at other clinics. Implant survival duration ranged from 6 months to 3 years. The primary causes of implant failure were infection (peri-implantitis) in 40.2%, improper placement in 25.3%, insufficient bone density in 17.2%, mechanical issues in 10.3%, systemic health issues in 5.7% and excessive stress in 1.1%. Failures were more frequent in the maxilla (58.2%) and occurred predominantly within the first year (41.4%).
Conclusions: Infection and improper implant placement were the leading causes of dental implant failure, with higher risk observed in maxillary implants and early post-implantation periods. Rigorous surgical planning and follow-up are essential for minimizing failures
Acanthamoeba keratitis: prevalence, diagnosis, treatment and future trends: a systematic review
Get PDFAcanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is a rare but severe corneal infection caused by free-living Acanthamoeba species. It is increasingly recognised as a significant cause of visual morbidity, especially among contact lens users. This systematic review follows preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines and analyses studies published between January 2000 and January 2025, focusing on AK prevalence, diagnostics, treatment, and innovations. Our search across databases, including PubMed and Scopus, identified 20 peer-reviewed studies. Findings reveal a 35-50% increase in global AK incidence since 2000, particularly affecting Europe, East Asia, and North America, with 85-90% of cases linked to contact lens wear and the T4 genotype being the predominant strain. Advancements in diagnostics, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing (with over 95% sensitivity) and in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) (with 85-90% sensitivity), have improved early detection. Emerging technologies, including metagenomics sequencing and artificial intelligence (AI)-driven imaging, have further enhanced diagnostic accuracy, achieving a specificity of over 93%. Current treatments rely on a combination of biguanides and diamidines, but prolonged therapies often lead to recurrence, with 20-25% of severe cases requiring keratoplasty. Innovations such as nanocarrier drug delivery, photodynamic therapy (PDT), and genotype-specific antimicrobials are promising. While advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of AK have improved, challenges in reducing the disease burden and improving long-term outcomes remain. The future of AK management hinges on integrating molecular diagnostics and AI into clinical practice, supported by public education on safe contact lens hygiene practices
A clinico-epidemiological study of non-venereal genital dermatosis and its association with serological markers
Get PDFBackground: Non-venereal genital dermatoses are non-sexually transmitted diseases which can be contagious diseases caused by viruses, fungi, bacteria and parasites or non-contagious including contact dermatitis, lichen sclerosus chronicus, fixed drug eruption, skin tags, vitiligo, papulosquamous disorders and others. The aim of the study was to describe the clinic-epidemiological pattern of non-venereal genital dermatosis among patients who attended the skin and STD clinic of Acharya Shri Chander College of Medical Sciences (ASCOMS) from 2007 to 2017 (10 years) and significance of serological tests in non-venereal genital dermatosis.
Methods: This descriptive study included 167 adults with non-venereal genital dermatoses who attended the clinic from January 2007 to January 2017. Patients diagnosed with venereal diseases were excluded.
Results: Of 308 patients (88 females, 79 males) visiting the STD clinic 167 patients were non-STD cases. Patient age ranged from 16-60 years. 20 different dermatoses were identified with Tinea cruris (36.5%) being most common followed by Furunculosis 7.8% and scabies (7.1%). Among 167 patients, 99 were found to be sero-positive to VDRL, HIV, HBS and HSV, out of which 32(19.2%) were VDRL positive followed by HSV 27 (16.2%) and HIV 9 (5.4%). It was found that most of the patients of Tinea cruris (27) were found to be VDRL reactive followed by HSV (2).
Conclusions: This study emphasizes the importance of recognizing common non-venereal genital dermatoses in the general population and highlights the value of routine serological testing. Asymptomatic or latent venereal infections may be missed without appropriate screening
Existence of acute pancreatitis as a complication of dengue: a case report and literature review
Get PDFDengue is an endemic viral infection in tropical regions, characterized by fever, myalgia, rash, and thrombocytopenia. Although most cases follow a favorable clinical course, severe complications may arise during the critical phase. Among these, acute pancreatitis is a rare but important manifestation. We present the case of a young woman with laboratory-confirmed dengue infection who, during the critical phase, developed intense and persistent abdominal pain. Laboratory tests revealed a marked elevation of pancreatic enzymes, and imaging studies confirmed the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. She was managed conservatively with bowel rest, intravenous fluids, and analgesia, resulting in a favorable outcome without the need for invasive interventions. This case highlights the importance of considering acute pancreatitis as a potential complication in patients with dengue who present with severe abdominal pain. Early recognition and appropriate supportive treatment are essential to reduce morbidity and ensure a positive clinical outcome in such cases
Unusual association of ectopic scrotum with anal stenosis: a case report
Get PDFCongenital anomalies of the scrotum are rare and include penoscrotal transposition, bifid scrotum, ectopic scrotum, and accessory scrotum. Suprainguinal ectopic scrotum is characterized by the abnormal location of a hemiscrotum outside its usual position and is frequently associated with other congenital anomalies. We report a male infant with left suprainguinal ectopic scrotum associated with anal stenosis, an association not previously described. A term male born by repeat caesarean section presented with a left hemiscrotum located in the ipsilateral inguinal region, harboring a palpable testis. Anal stenosis and a sacrococcygeal pit were also noted. Work‑up included lumbosacral MRI, which excluded spinal cord anomalies. The patient underwent a sigmoid colostomy, followed by a limited posterior sagittal anorectoplasty, and subsequently underwent colostomy closure. At 18 months, one-stage scrotoplasty with a random-pattern transposition flap and left orchidopexy were performed jointly by the pediatric urology and plastic surgery teams. Postoperative follow-up at 21 months demonstrated an orthotopic, well-vascularized scrotum with viable testes. Ectopic scrotum results from defective development of the gubernaculum and labioscrotal swellings. Its concurrence with anorectal malformations suggests a broader mesodermal defect. Early, individualized, multidisciplinary management is essential. Our case is, to our knowledge, the first report of ectopic scrotum associated with isolated anal stenosis. Timely diagnosis and coordinated surgical management can restore normal anatomy and function with excellent aesthetic outcomes. Awareness of possible associated anomalies is crucial for comprehensive evaluation
C3GN associated with deletion in CHFR1 and CHFR3 genes: a case report
Get PDFC3GN is a unique abnormality that commonly occurs due to an abnormal alternative path of the complement complex. This is distinguished by precipitation of mainly the C3 factor of complement along with minimal deposit of immunoglobulin in the mesangial, subepithelial, and subendothelial areas of glomeruli. It is seen that most of the mutations that are pathogenic happen in C3, complement factor B (CFB), complement factor H (CFH), complement factor I, along with CFHR5. Some other associations are also found that could lead to this disorder, such as autoantibodies against C3 nephrotic factor, C5 nephritic factor, anti-CFB autoantibodies, along with anti-CHF antibodies. Atypical HUS occurs due to abnormality in different components of the alternate pathway, such as complement factor F, and autoantibodies against anti-CFH caused by CFHR 1 and 3 deletions. Here we narrate a rare occurrence of C3GN related to mutation in CFHR1 and 3 in a young female and her mother who presented to us for renal transplant as prospective recipient with her mother as donor
Ayurvedic intervention in Bell’s palsy: case report on therapeutic efficacy
Get PDFBell palsy is idiopathic, unilateral facial nerve palsy of acute onset leading to facial muscle weakness. Facial palsy is inflammation around the facial nerve and this pressure causes facial paralysis on the affected side. This is a case of A 46 year old male patient admitted in Kayachikitsa Department of Vaidyaratnam Ayurveda college, Ollur on 6th December 2023 with pain on the right side of face, posterior of neck radiating to right shoulder associated with swelling since one month. He had a history of Bell’s palsy before one month. Patient felt difficulty in speaking, closing of the right eyelid and loss of taste. He underwent a treatment protocol of Arditha followed by Vatavyadhi Chikitsa. Ayurvedic preparations like Dhanadanayanadi kashayam, Pathyashadankam kashayam, Vaiswanara choornam, Gandarvahastha eranda thailam, Dhanwantaram tablet were given internally. Choorna pinda swedam, Thalam with Rasnadi choornam and Karuthavattu, Rasathailam application, Sahacharadi tailam for whole body. Sirovasthi with Mahamasha tailam and Rasa tailam in the ratio 3:1 ratio, Ksheera dhoomam, Nasya with Anutailam were done externaly. House Brackmann Grade scales for pain, facial movements, were used to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment. Patient-reported outcome measures such as Facial Disability Index were used to assess the quality of life. Significant improvement noted in management of symptoms and work ability also showed improvement. Although this particular case was krichrasadhya, it was effectively managed through ayurvedic therapies, showing its relevance in current scenario that emphasises the invasive approaches
Adjustment and coping skills among adolescent school children
Get PDFBackground: Adolescents often face adjustment difficulties that impact their emotional, social and educational development. Understanding their coping styles is essential for designing effective support systems.
Methods: The study sampled 207 high school students (143 boys, 64 girls) aged 10–19 from a Diwakar Model School of Ghaziabad. After obtaining informed consent and demographic details, participants were assessed using the Adjustment Inventory for School Students (AISS) and the Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE) inventory. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, Levene’s test and independent samples t-test.
Results: Findings indicated adjustment challenges across emotional, social and educational domains. Both boys and girls predominantly preferred problem-focused and emotion-focused coping strategies. No significant gender differences were observed, except in the educational adjustment domain.
Conclusions: Adolescents represent a psychologically vulnerable group. Their adjustment issues and coping preferences warrant careful attention from educators, counsellors and policymakers to foster healthier developmental outcomes
Central hexadactylia of the foot: a rare case presentation
Get PDFPolydactyly is congenital duplication type of anomaly of fingers and toes. Its embryogenesis is associated with a disturbance of the anterior-posterior axial development of the limb. Classified in pre-axial, central and post-axial. Classification depends on location of duplication. Details of the case-3 years old, female. Examination findings were single supernumerary toe over metatarsal bone. Extra toe is inclined to transverse arch of foot. Bony structure of supernumerary digit with Y-shaped bifurcation of second metatarsal bone proximal to head of metatarsal. For right upper limb type IV radial club hand. For Left upper Limb-Wassel Type 5 Radial polydactyly. Foramen ovale L to R shunt was also found in 2D Echo. Central polydactyly is a very rare phenotypic presentation. Patient in our case was operated with excision of the supernumerary digit. On dissection, anomalous tendons were found with digital nerve and artery. Tendons were removed, digital nerve incised and digital arteries coagulated. This case is a rare variety. Extra toe dorsally oriented, metatarsal angulated to transverse arch of foot. No metatarsal widening. This case does not fit into the classifications described
Pott’s puffy tumor due to bone wax in open hypophysectomy: unforeseen consequences
Get PDFPott's puffy tumor is a rare condition characterized by the accumulation of pus and granulation tissue beneath the periosteum of the frontal bone, typically resulting from an infection that spreads from the frontal sinuses. This condition often leads to localized demineralization and necrosis of the affected bone. Neurosurgical procedures involving craniotomy commonly breach the frontal sinus, making it susceptible to infections. While such postoperative infections are uncommon, they pose significant challenges in management. Various methods have been employed to reconstruct the anterior skull base following neurosurgical procedures, including cranialization and obliteration of the frontal sinus. However, incomplete removal of mucosa or the presence of bone wax within the sinus outflow tract can lead to complications such as cellulitis, abscess formation, chronic sinusitis, or the development of mucoceles and muco-pyoceles. In this report, we present two cases of open hypophysectomy where bone wax inadvertently obstructed the frontal sinus outflow tract, resulting in persistent infection and subsequent frontal osteomyelitis. The frontal sinusitis after craniotomy may be related to the inadequate sinus management, especially bone wax ramming the frontal sinus leading to frontal sinus mucosa secretion obstruction and poor drainage. Avoiding bone wax as an obliterating material and meticulous removal of mucosa with drilling of the underlying bone to remove mucosal imbrications and complete obliteration of the frontal recess is essential in both frontal sinus obliteration and cranialization