International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Not a member yet
9900 research outputs found
Sort by
Instruments for conducting comprehensive interviews with victims and informants of sexual harassment in the university environment
Get PDFBackground: Having qualitative research instruments to study sexual harassment at university is essential to understand the experiences and perceptions of victims, improving the quality of research and interventions to prevent and address this problem. Objective was to validate, by experts, in-depth interview instruments for victims of sexual harassment and key informants in the university environment.
Methods: In-depth interview instruments for victims and key informants of sexual harassment allow to investigate qualitative data on sexual harassment at the university, such as: perceptions, the context in which it occurs, experiences of sexual harassment, perceived needs, physical, psychological, social and academic effects, as well as the perception of individual and institutional actions against sexual harassment.
Results: In-depth interview instruments for victims and key informants of sexual harassment allow to investigate qualitative data on sexual harassment at the university, such as: perceptions, the context in which it occurs, experiences of sexual harassment, perceived needs, physical, psychological, social and academic effects, as well as the perception of individual and institutional actions against sexual harassment.
Conclusions: In-depth interviews with victims of university sexual harassment and key informants allow to obtain relevant data from the students' perspective, pertinent information to identify the complexity of university sexual harassment and to commit the university to the implementation of effective prevention, intervention and comprehensive reparation policies
Effects of maternal iron deficiency anemia on the iron stores of the new born- an analytical study
Get PDFBackground: The aim of the study was to determine the effect of maternal iron deficiency anemia on neonatal iron stores.
Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, Government Medical College, Amritsar from January 2023 to March 2024. A total of 200 antenatal patients at gestation ≥37 weeks were allotted to four groups: group A (included non-anemic cases), group B (included cases with mild to moderate anemia with hemoglobin 7-10.9 gm/dl), group C included cases with severe anemia with hemoglobin <7 gm/dl) and group D (included treated cases of iron deficiency anemia that had been corrected by therapeutic iron replacement) with 50 patients in each group after written informed consent. Cord hemoglobin and ferritin levels were taken at the time of delivery to see the effect of maternal anemia on neonatal iron stores.
Results: A positive correlation between maternal ferritin and neonatal ferritin levels (r2=0.332, p=0.014) and positive correlation between maternal hemoglobin levels and neonatal hemoglobin levels (r2=0.32, p=0.033) was seen indicating maternal anemia during pregnancy impacts the neonatal iron stores at birth.
Conclusions: Neonatal hemoglobin as well as iron stores have a positive correlation with maternal hemoglobin and iron stores thus appropriate management of maternal anemia can play a major role in reducing anemia in future generations
Crassocephalum crepidioides extracts reverses the effects of valproic acid in an in-utero mouse model of autistic disorders
Get PDFBackground: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in social communication and interaction, alongside restricted or repetitive behaviours. This study investigates the potential of hydroethanolic extract of Crassocephalum crepidioides (HEE) to ameliorate ASD-related behaviours in a valproic acid (VPA)-induced mouse model of in utero ASD. VPA exposure disrupts neurodevelopmental processes, affecting synaptic function and neural connectivity which are also seen in Autism.
Methods: Thirty pregnant female mice were used among which, six served as normal control group. the twenty-four remaining mice received valproic acid 600 mg/kg on gestational day 10 to day 12. Following parturition, offspring were treated daily from postnatal day 21 to 50. Behavioural assessments were conducted during the treatment period. Upon completion of behavioural testing, brains were collected for biochemical analysis of monoamine levels.
Results: Compared to the VPA-exposed control group, HEE treatment at all tested doses significantly reduced (p<0.001) the time spent investigating an empty chamber in a social preference test, and significantly increased (p<0.001) the time spent interacting with a social stimulus (sentinel). Furthermore, HEE treatment significantly increased (p<0.001) brain tissue concentrations of monoamines.
Conclusions: These findings suggest that Crassocephalum crepidioides extract may exert neuroprotective effects, improving both social behaviour and reducing repetitive behaviours in this VPA-induced mouse model of ASD. HEE has therapeutic potential by modulating neurotransmitter systems known to be disrupted in Autism
A supraorbital nerve Schwannoma: a case report
Get PDFSchwannomas are encapsulated tumors that originate in the peripheral this frequently affect sensory nerves, benign and with low incidence, characterized by a tumor under the skin, usually encapsulated, composed of well-differentiated neoplastic Schwann cells. They are the most common benign tumors of peripheral nerves of the head and neck region and in the extensor aspects of the limbs, but also in the spinal and cranial nerves, especially the vestibular nerve. We present the case of a female patient with schwannoma of the supraorbital nerve with neurological involvement associated with a progressively growing mass in the frontal region of the forehead. We show the clinical diagnosis process and the surgical treatment instituted to perform complete resection and functional preservation, with a definitive anatomopathological diagnosis of supraorbital schwannoma. Due to the infrequency of this pathology, we also perform a review of the literature on the subject
Evaluation heparin binding protein as a prognostic biomarker for diagnosis of sepsis at tertiary care hospital, North India
Get PDFBackground: Sepsis is a life-threatening condition marked by an uncontrolled inflammatory response to infection, leading to organ dysfunction and high mortality. In India, severe sepsis burdens ICU resources and impacts patient outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate heparin-binding protein (HBP) as a prognostic biomarker for assessing sepsis severity.
Methods: This prospective study was conducted at the department of medicine, G. S. V. M. medical college, Kanpur, from December 2022 to May 2024, including 113 adult patients suspected of sepsis or septic shock. Demographic data, HBP levels, and correlations with age, sex, disease severity, and other biomarkers C reactive protein (CRP and procalcitonin) were analyzed. Survival rates across different disease severities were also assessed.
Results: The mean age of participants was 53.2±19.3 years. Baseline HBP levels were significantly higher in infection cases compared to non-infection cases (11.21±5.51 ng/ml vs. 4.31±3.72 ng/ml, p<0.001). HBP levels decreased significantly over 72 hours but remained elevated in non-survivors (9.81±6.25 ng/ml vs. 7.17±5.18 ng/ml, p=0.001). HBP was more effective than CRP and procalcitonin in predicting infection severity and outcomes.
Conclusions: HBP is a promising biomarker for assessing sepsis severity and predicting survival. Elevated HBP levels correlate with increased infection severity and mortality. HBP offers an advantage in early diagnosis and prognosis, and further research is needed to optimize its use in sepsis management
Novel use of famotidine in treatment of frozen shoulder: a case report
Get PDFFamotidine is a H2 receptor blocker used to reduce gastric acid secretion. This case report highlights a novel use of famotidine. It may be used in the treatment of frozen shoulder. Frozen shoulder is a pathological condition characterised by restricted shoulder movement. We present a case report of a diabetic and hypertensive patient suffering from frozen shoulder along with hyperacidity and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Famotidine was prescribed for treatment of GERD. Famotidine not only provides relief from acidity but also results in decrease in pain score, disability score and shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI) due to frozen shoulder with improved movement. This therapeutic importance encourages us to report the significance of Famotidine in frozen shoulder. This also opens a new dimension in the role of acidity in the study of pathophysiology of frozen shoulder
Violence in our country as a public health issue, prevalence of facial trauma at the hospital general de Mexico from 2020-2024
Get PDFBackground: Facial trauma represents a significant pathology in emergency services. The facial skeleton is susceptible to injuries ranging from soft tissue wounds to complex fractures. The leading causes include motor vehicle accidents, assaults, and falls, with a higher incidence in men aged 20-30 years.
Methods: A retrospective, observational, and descriptive study was conducted at the department of plastic and reconstructive surgery of the hospital General de México. Medical records from January 2020 to December 2024 were reviewed to collect data on gender, age, injury mechanisms, affected anatomical structures, and treatments. Ethical guidelines were strictly followed.
Results: A total of 4218 cases of facial trauma were analyzed. Men constituted 87% of the patients, with a peak incidence in the third decade of life. Superficial soft tissue injuries accounted for 89.8% of cases, while 10.2% involved fractures. Mandibular fractures (14.7%) and orbital injuries (39.1%) were the most common. Assaults were the primary cause (62.2%), followed by motor vehicle accidents (14.7%) and blunt object impacts (9.8%). Open reduction and internal fixation were performed in 188 cases, while 226 cases were managed conservatively.
Conclusions: The study underscores the high incidence of facial trauma in urban populations, with violence being the leading cause. The findings emphasize the need for targeted prevention strategies and individualized treatment approaches based on injury severity and etiology
Rare case of circumaortic left renal vein with fenestration and nutcracker phenomenon
Get PDFCircumaortic left renal vein (CLRV) is a rare venous anomaly. It is usually clinically silent until discovered accidentally during an operation, imaging or an autopsy. Vascular fenestrations are most commonly seen in the arterial system or cerebral vessels and rarely in the venous system. Nutcracker phenomenon is usually associated with CLRV anomaly. We have described a case of a 31-year- old female who presented to the Department of Nephrology with CLRV, along with retro aortic renal vein fenestration and anterior nutcracker phenomenon. Since this variation is rarely diagnosed, it is important to have knowledge about such anomalies to rule it out as a differential diagnosis of haematuria. This information will also prevent iatrogenic injuries during surgical procedures
Exploring the practicality of transition care guidance for paediatric CHD patients: a case series
Get PDFThis pilot study evaluates the feasibility of implementing a nurse-led transition care program among caregivers of CHD children admitted to a pediatric medicine ward. A quantitative approach was used to collect the data from eight caregivers and children distributed equally among control and experimental group. The study has used data collection instruments including demographic proforma, caregiver's knowledge and self-efficacy format as well as satisfaction form. Results highlighted the feasibility of implementing a nurse-led transition care program in pediatric patients and showed the potential benefit of a nurse-led program in terms of improved caregiver readiness for discharge. Study findings provide a base for implementing structures and transition care models to improve post-transition healthcare outcomes
Comparative efficacy of diclofenac sodium gel and urea cream in preventing capecitabine-induced hand-foot syndrome: a randomized interventional study
Get PDFBackground: The oral prodrug of 5-fluorouracil, capecitabine, is frequently used to treat breast and colorectal malignancies. The effectiveness of therapy is compromised by hand-foot syndrome (HFS), a typical dose-limiting hazard that frequently requires dose adjustments. Topical agents such as diclofenac sodium gel and urea cream have shown promise as prophylactic options for managing HFS. To compare the efficacy of diclofenac sodium gel and urea cream in preventing capecitabine-induced HFS.
Methods: This randomized, open-label, double-arm interventional study included 100 adult patients with breast or gastrointestinal malignancies receiving capecitabine chemotherapy. Arm A (diclofenac sodium gel) and Arm B (urea cream) were the two groups into which participants were randomly assigned. According to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE v5.0), the main goal was to prevent grade 2 or above HFS during a 12-week period. HFS severity, modifications in capecitabine dosage and therapy discontinuations were secondary outcomes. Both descriptive and inferential techniques were used in the statistical analysis.
Results: HFS developed in 48% of participants, with no significant difference between the diclofenac arm (26 participants) and the urea arm (22 participants) (p=0.42). Grade 1 HFS was most prevalent (41%), while grades 2 and 3 were infrequent (6%). Treatment interruptions due to HFS occurred in 6% of participants and capecitabine dose modifications were required in 5%, with no significant differences between the two arms. Both interventions demonstrated comparable efficacy in HFS prevention.
Conclusions: Diclofenac sodium gel and urea cream are equally effective in preventing capecitabine-induced HFS, reducing its severity and maintaining treatment adherence