International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
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Optimizing surgical outcomes through preoperative parathyroid localization
Get PDFPreoperative parathyroid localization is pivotal in ensuring surgical precision and optimizing outcomes in patients with parathyroid disorders. Advances in imaging techniques have significantly enhanced diagnostic accuracy and reduced complications. A systematic search strategy was designed to identify relevant literature published between June 2014 and September 2024. Databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were utilized, using search terms such as "preoperative localization," "parathyroid imaging," "parathyroidectomy outcomes," "ultrasonography," "SPECT," and "4D-CT." Inclusion criteria encompassed studies focusing on preoperative imaging modalities for parathyroid localization, those evaluating surgical outcomes, and original research articles in English. The qualitative synthesis emphasized patterns in imaging efficacy and surgical outcomes across different studies. Among the imaging techniques, 4D-CT demonstrated the highest localization accuracy (95%), followed by SPECT (89%) and ultrasonography (80%). Patients with precise preoperative localization experienced shorter operative times, fewer complications, and higher rates of surgical success compared to those without effective localization. Integrating advanced imaging modalities into preoperative planning significantly improves surgical precision and outcomes in parathyroid surgery. These findings advocate for their routine use in clinical practice to enhance patient care
Understanding the recurrence of amoebic liver abscess in South Bihar: a clinical case report
Get PDFAmoebic liver abscess is a common disease condition in some parts of India, including Bihar, due to the higher prevalence of amoebiasis and habitual consumption of toddy (tari). Recurrence of amoebic liver abscess is not uncommon; although it is underreported with only a few previous reports. In this study, a patient from South Bihar presented with three subsequent episodes of amoebic liver abscess over a period of six years. Possible considerations for these recurrences have been explored, which revealed the fact that recommended full-dose treatment with metronidazole followed by a luminal amebicide agent to eradicate intestinal amoebic colonization is necessary for effective treatment of an amoebic liver abscess
Amyand's hernia: a finding in the diagnosis of inguinal hernia
Get PDFAmyand's hernia is defined as the presence of a cecal appendix in the context of an inguinal hernia sac, which may be found with or without signs of aggravation. Since the very beginning in the medical history its defined as a rare entity, the epidemiology and outcomes are diverse, since the pathophysiologic mechanism is not fully understood it should always be considered in conjunction with the presentation of a right inguinal hernia, the initial diagnostic methods do not represent a sufficient specificity to be suspected in all cases, but within the surgical findings either with data of exacerbation or not, it is recommended to evaluate the underlying cecal tissue. The final objective of this present case is to bring light about the complexity in the diagnosis and the outcome of late diagnosis in a comorbid based population, since is time dependent about diagnostic resources and clinical suspicion become the last and fundamental utility for the clinician
Antidiabetic effects of n-hexane extract of terminalia catappa nuts in Wistar rats induced with hyperlipidaemia and hyperglycaemia
Get PDFBackground: Hyperlipidaemia and hyperglycaemia significantly impair pancreatic function and glucose metabolism, necessitating therapeutic interventions. This study investigated the effects of n-hexane extract of Terminalia catappa nut (TCN) extract on glucose homeostasis and pancreatic histology in hyperlipidaemic and hyperglycaemic Wistar rats.
Methods: Wistar rats were divided into six groups: negative control, positive control, standard drug control (atorvastatin and metformin), and TCN-treated groups (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg). Fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin levels, and HOMA indices were measured, and pancreatic tissue was histologically examined. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc test for multiple comparisons, with significance set at p<0.05.
Results: TCN treatment produced dose-dependent improvements in glucose metabolism. The 800 mg/kg TCN group exhibited significant reductions in FBG (4.56±0.03 mmol/l) and insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR: 1.30±0.10) and near-normal insulin levels (11.85±1.20 μU/ml), comparable to the negative control. Beta-cell function (HOMA2%B) improved progressively with TCN, with the 800 mg/kg dose achieving values similar to the negative control (118±4.00). Histologically, the negative control group displayed intact islets of Langerhans and organized acinar cells. Conversely, the positive control group showed severe necrosis, inflammation, and disrupted islets. TCN treatment demonstrated dose-dependent histological recovery, with the 800 mg/kg group achieving near-complete restoration of pancreatic architecture.
Conclusions: TCN extract improves glucose homeostasis, enhances beta-cell function, and restores pancreatic integrity in hyperlipidaemic and hyperglycaemic conditions. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of TCN as an adjunct for managing metabolic disorders
Assessment of age-based variations in physiological and anthropometric metrics in Kashmiri men
Get PDFBackground: This study investigates age-related variations in physiological and anthropometric metrics among Kashmiri men aged 60-70 years, focusing on cardiovascular and body composition parameters across two age groups (60-65 and 66-70 years).
Methods: Conducted under ethical approval from the university of Delhi, the study included 200 physically active participants, evenly divided into two age groups. Physiological metrics-systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), resting heart rate (RHR), body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BFP), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and basal metabolic rate (BMR)-were measured using validated tools. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, and Pearson’s correlation analysis, with significance set at p<0.05.
Results: Significant differences were observed in RHR and BMR between the age groups. Participants aged 66-70 exhibited higher RHR (82.33±3.71 bm⁻¹) compared to those aged 60-65 (80.88±3.46 bm⁻¹, p=0.01). Conversely, the 60-65 group showed a higher BMR (1555.19±184.65 kcal/day) than the 66-70 group (1487.42±165.96 kcal/day, p=0.01). Non-significant differences were noted for SBP, DBP, BMI, BFP, and WHR, though BFP approached significance (p=0.06). Correlation analysis revealed strong interrelations among BMI, BFP, and BMR, with weaker associations between blood pressure metrics and WHR.
Conclusions: Age-related changes in RHR and BMR highlight physiological adaptations among older Kashmiri men. These findings underscore the need for tailored health interventions addressing cardiovascular and metabolic risks in this demographic
A concise review on influenza
Get PDFInfluenza, commonly known as the flu, is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. It can lead to mild to severe illness and can result in hospitalization and death. The flu virus is characterized by its ability to mutate, leading to seasonal epidemics and occasional pandemics. Understanding the types, risk factors, history, symptoms, causes, treatment, and mechanisms of action is crucial for effective prevention and management. It is classified into four types: A, B, C, and D, with types A and B being responsible for the seasonal flu epidemics. The flu is highly contagious and spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. The history of influenza dates back centuries, with notable pandemics occurring in 1918 (Spanish flu), 1957 (Asian flu), 1968 (Hong Kong flu), and the H1N1 pandemic in 2009. The 1918 pandemic was particularly devastating, infecting about one-third of the world's population and resulting in millions of deaths. For treatment of flu, vaccination is most effective method. This review focused on the symptoms, causes, treatment and mechanism of action of antiviral drug
Effect of surya namaskar on anthropometric parameters and serotonin level in apparently healthy subjects
Get PDFBackground: Although surya namaskar was not considered an asana or part of classical yoga, it is now part of modern yoga practise. It consists of twelve postures. Surya namaskar has a profound calming effect and helps to detoxify the deep-seated organs through abundant oxygenation. The purpose of this study was to investigate how surya namaskar affects anthropometric measures, serotonin levels, and anxiety (as measured by the DASS 21 score).
Methods: Using inclusion and exclusion criteria, 80 healthy overweight participants (BMI of 23.0-24.9 kg/m2) were selected for the study. They were between 20 and 45 years of age. The subjects practiced surya namaskar 5 days a week for 6 months. Anthropometric characteristics such as height, weight, waist, hip and sagittal abdominal circumference were measured before and surya namaskar sessions. The psychological status of the patients was then assessed using the DASS-21 questionnaire at the time of subject enrolment and after 6 months of surya namaskar.
Results: After surya namaskar, there were significant changes in weight (kg), waist circumference (cm), BMI (kg/m2), sagittal abdominal circumference (cm), and WHR were significantly reduced. Hips circumference was mildly increased. Increase in serotonin levels was seen. After surya namaskar, mild depression, severe anxiety and moderate stress were significantly reduced.
Conclusions: Surya namaskar has an effect on the physiological, psychological and physical properties of the body. It is recommended to apply surya namaskar in clinical settings to treat psychological stress and obesity
A study on the paediatric cases admitted in the otorhinolaryngology department in a tertiary care centre
Get PDFBackground: In paediatric otorhinolaryngology, abnormalities of the nose, throat, and ears are studied about the development of the head and neck structures. Otorhinolaryngological problems are one of the most common causes of medical consultation among paediatrics. The purpose of this retrospective study is to identify the disease patterns among hospitalized paediatric patients at the Assam Medical College and Hospital (AMCH) in the department of otorhinolaryngology. Aims and objective were to determine the pattern of otorhinolaryngology diseases among paediatric patients.
Methods: This retrospective study is conducted in the otorhinolaryngology department of Assam Medical College and Hospital (AMCH), Dibrugarh, Assam, from January 2023 to December 2023. The study was done on pediatric patients aged 0-12 years, presenting and admitted to the department of otorhinolaryngology, Assam Medical College and Hospital.
Results: A total of 144 cases are studied, which includes 73 males and 71 females with a male-to-female ratio of 1.03: 1. The most common otorhinolaryngological problem noted in our study was foreign bodies (29.86%) and diseases were chronic otitis media (4.16%), cervical lymphadenopathy (4.16%) and epistaxis (4.16%). Maximum cases were admitted in November (12.5%) and minimum cases were admitted in October (4.17%).
Conclusions: In the paediatric age range, otolaryngology emergencies are not unusual. Although the risk of death is low, there is a chance of increasing complications. The most common otorhinolaryngological problem noted in our study was foreign bodies and diseases were chronic otitis media, cervical lymphadenopathy and epistaxis. Parent and caretaker education about the diseases and prevention shall help limit the mortality and complications
Pulmonary infarction with phlegmasia cerulea dolens: a sequelae of deep vein thrombosis
Get PDFDeep vein thrombosis (DVT) can lead to severe complications such as pulmonary embolism and phlegmasia cerulea dolens (PCD), both of which are life-threatening conditions. The coexistence of infected pulmonary infarction and PCD is exceptionally rare, demanding timely diagnosis and multidisciplinary management. A 70-year-old male with diabetes and sepsis presented with fever, limb pain, and swelling. Investigations included Doppler ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) angiography, and positron emission tomography (PET) - CT scans, confirming DVT, pulmonary embolism, and Aspergillus flavus infection. The patient was managed with anticoagulation, antifungal therapy, and glycemic control. The left popliteal vein thrombus measured 3.5 cm, with thrombosis extending to the right superficial femoral vein. Blood glucose was 250 mg/dl, creatinine 1.5 mg/dl, and leukocyte count 18,000 cells/mm3. After treatment, leukocyte count normalized to 10.23×103 cells/mm3, and limb pain resolved. Follow-up revealed substantial clinical improvement by discharge on 11 January 2023. This case highlights the importance of early recognition and a multidisciplinary approach to managing infected pulmonary infarction and PCD in patients with DVT
Early hepatoprotection with SAMe in patients with chronic liver disease
Get PDFS-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) plays a crucial role in liver health by influencing various biochemical pathways involved in hepatic function. Early intervention with SAMe has been shown to reduce the progression rate of cirrhosis. A comprehensive literature search was performed to identify studies highlighting the benefits of early treatment with SAMe in conditions such as intrahepatic cholestasis (IHC), intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), viral hepatitis, drug-induced liver injury (DILI), alcoholic liver disease (ALD), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and chemotherapy-induced liver injury (CILI). The mechanism of action of SAMe and its associated pathways were also detailed. Significant improvements in liver enzymes such as AST, ALT, GGT and ALP have been reported in the literature with treatment durations as short as 2 weeks. Reduction in symptoms such as pruritus, fatigue and jaundice has also been observed. The data suggest that SAMe has beneficial effects on liver biochemistry and clinical symptoms. It can act as an important clinical asset in the management of liver conditions alongside etiology-specific management. Further studies can be done to evaluate the benefits of SAMe as a hepatoprotective agent for the early treatment of liver dysfunction