International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology
Not a member yet
3901 research outputs found
Sort by
Exploring the efficacy of herbal toothpaste formulated with karanj, miswak and banana peel
Full text linkBackground: Oral health is essential for maintaining overall well-being, as poor oral hygiene has been associated with various systemic diseases. Common issues such as halitosis, dental caries, and gum inflammation adversely affect quality of life. Conventional toothpastes often contain synthetic ingredients that may cause side effects, creating a growing need for natural alternatives. This study aimed to develop an herbal toothpaste using karanj (Millettia pinnata), miswak (Salvadora persica), and banana peel (Musa spp.), known for their antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties.
Methods: Active compounds were extracted from the botanicals using standard solvent extraction techniques. The extracts were characterized for their phytochemical constituents and incorporated into a toothpaste base optimized for pH, stability, texture, and consistency. The antimicrobial activity of the formulation was tested against common oral pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Additionally, a sensory evaluation was conducted to assess taste and foaming ability.
Results: Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and phenolic compounds responsible for antimicrobial action. The herbal toothpaste exhibited significant antibacterial activity, showing inhibition zones comparable to some commercial formulations. Sensory evaluation results indicated favorable responses in terms of taste, texture, and overall satisfaction. The formulation remained stable in consistency and pH during the testing period.
Conclusions: The herbal toothpaste formulated demonstrated strong antimicrobial efficacy. This study supports the potential of plant-based ingredients as safe, cost-effective, and eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic oral care products, promoting sustainable and holistic oral hygiene.
A cross-sectional observational study of postoperative restricted antibiotic utilization, rationality, and cost analysis in a tertiary care teaching hospital
Full text linkBackground: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an alarming condition that has been arising due to many interconnected factors, in particular, the use and misuse of antimicrobials. It is more prevalent in developing countries like India where there is a huge burden of infectious diseases. There has been insufficient research data to conclusively comment on the judicious use of antimicrobials. Therefore, this study is designed to assess the judicious use of antimicrobials on the basis of modified Kunin’s criteria and analyse the cost and its rationality.
Methods: Cross sectional observational study wherein patient data for last 2 year postoperative patients was analyzed.
Results: In the present study, a significant number of patients (82.76%) the restricted antimicrobials were used judiciously and majority of then (42.19%) incurred a cost of <10000 INR.
Conclusions: The study shows that with appropriate and strict measures it is possible to limit the use of restricted antimicrobials. This further helps to decrease emerging antimicrobial resistance and also decrease the cost incurred by the patients during their hospital stay
Urticaria due to mefenamic acid intake – a case report
Full text linkUrticaria, or hives, is a condition of the skin involving abnormality of redness and swelling caused by excess accumulation of fluid, and may happen because of infection, drugs, food, psychogenic causes or respiratory allergens, but is occasionally idiopathic. The following report concerns a case where urticaria was secondary to the consumption of mefenamic acid. A 44-year-old woman reported generalized itch, rashes of the skin, giddiness, and two instances of vomiting after taking mefenamic acid 250 mg during menstrual pain. Her medical history included irregular menstrual periods, adenomyosis, fibroid uterus which was treated with an Mirena device at the age of 8 months, and uncontrolled diabetes. Lab tests revealed that IgE (548.1 IU/ml) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C) (11.0) were high. She was diagnosed with urticaria and diabetes mellitus and treated with hydrocortisone, antihistamines, insulin and supportive therapy, which led to the disappearance of symptoms and discharge in stable conditions. The case also shows that unmonitored use of mefenamic acid can cause severe hypersensitivity and is more likely in patients with comorbidities and the use of pharmacovigilance, medical awareness, responsible prescribing, and patient education can be used to prevent adverse drug reactions and ensure safe medication practices with the vulnerable population
Efficacy and safety of lactoferrin based cream (SiraciltTM acne) in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate acne vulgaris – a randomized, comparative and pilot study
Full text linkBackground: This pilot study was planned to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Siracilt™ Acne (lactoferrin, azelaic acid, and niacinamide) cream and compare it with azelaic acid cream and clindamycin gel in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate acne vulgaris.
Methods: This study was a randomized, open-label active controlled, parallel group clinical trial. A total of 80 patients with mild to moderate acne vulgaris [investigator global assessment (IGA) score, 2 or 3] were randomized to receive Siracilt™ Acne cream, azelaic acid 10% cream, azelaic acid 20% cream, and clindamycin 1% gel for 4 weeks. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients who achieved treatment success (IGA score, 0 or 1 and/or at least a 2-point reduction in IGA score) after 4 weeks. Secondary efficacy endpoints included a percentage reduction of total lesions and a change in total, inflammatory, and non-inflammatory lesions after 4 weeks.
Results: After 4 weeks, the proportion of patients achieving treatment success in the Siracilt™ Acne group was 65%; while it was 0%, 10%, and 0% in azelaic acid 10%, azelaic acid 20%, and clindamycin 1% groups, respectively. The percentage reduction in the number of total acne lesions after 4 weeks was 62.1%, 27.2%, 46.6%, and 25.1% with Siracilt™ Acne cream, azelaic acid 10% cream, azelaic acid 20% cream, and clindamycin 1% gel, respectively. Similar results were observed for change in total, inflammatory, and non-inflammatory lesions after 4 weeks. Overall, the treatments were safe and well tolerated.
Conclusions: In conclusion, Siracilt™ Acne cream demonstrated superior efficacy compared to azelaic acid and clindamycin in the treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris
A prospective observational study to monitor the prescription pattern of anti-hypertensive drugs in a tertiary care hospital in Kashmir, India
Full text linkBackground: Hypertension remains a formidable public health challenge in India, with a staggering prevalence of 29.8% in the adult population. The situation in Kashmir is particularly concerning, with hypertension prevalence reported to be as high as 45.2% in some studies.
Methods: This comprehensive study meticulously analyzed the prescription patterns of antihypertensive drugs in the general medicine outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in Kashmir, India. A rigorous prospective observational study was conducted over six months, involving 150 hypertensive patients.
Results: The study revealed that angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), particularly telmisartan and losartan, were the most frequently prescribed class of antihypertensive drugs (40.7%), followed closely by calcium channel blockers (CCBs) such as amlodipine and cilnidipine (28.7%). ACE Inhibitors like ramipril and enalapril (14.7%), beta blockers including metoprolol and atenolol (10.0%), and diuretics such as hydrochlorothiazide and chlorthalidone (6.0%) were also prescribed. Monotherapy was the preferred approach in 65.3% of cases, while 34.7% received combination therapy. The study found significant associations between comorbidities and specific drug choices, with ARBs being more commonly prescribed in diabetic patients (p=0.003) and CCBs alone and with combination of ACE inhibitors and ARB’s in patients with coronary artery disease (p=0.041).
Conclusions: This research provided invaluable insights into current prescribing trends and adherence to hypertension treatment guidelines in the region, offering a foundation for future healthcare policy and practice improvements. The findings underscore the need for personalized treatment approaches and continuous medical education to ensure optimal hypertension management in this high-prevalence region
Adverse drug reaction to piperacillin-tazobactam mimicking Kounis syndrome in a pregnant lady diagnosed with pyelonephritis: a case report
Full text linkPiperacillin-tazobactam is commonly used to treat severe infections during pregnancy, but it can also lead to life-threatening hypersensitivity reactions like Kounis syndrome (KS). A 25-year-old primigravida (G1P0) at 20 weeks' gestation presented with intractable vomiting, fever, and abdominal pain. She was admitted to the ICU with a diagnosis of pyelonephritis with septic shock, evidenced by hypotension (70/40 mmHg), tachycardia (114 bpm), leukocytosis (20,300/mm3), and elevated C-reactive protein (338.9 mg/l). She was initiated on IV fluids, noradrenaline, and empirical antibiotics, including piperacillin-tazobactam. Shortly after the first dose of piperacillin-tazobactam, the patient developed an acute, severe reaction characterized by hypertension (180/100 mmHg), tachycardia (130 bpm), hypoxia (89% SpO2), angioedema, wheezing, and chest pain with widespread ST-T abnormalities on ECG, suggesting a possible KS. The drug was immediately discontinued, and the patient was stabilized. A positive re-exposure on the following day with a single challenge dose confirmed the severe hypersensitivity and established causality. The drug was permanently withdrawn, and the patient was successfully managed with meropenem. This case suggests a life-threatening piperacillin–tazobactam hypersensitivity in pregnancy, with clinical features overlapping septic deterioration and possible KS
Potential of Coriandrum sativum in management of diabetes and hyperlipidemia: a comprehensive review of pharmacological evidence and mechanisms
Full text linkDiabetes mellitus, obesity, and hyperlipidaemia are interconnected metabolic disorders with rising prevalence worldwide, posing significant public health challenges. These conditions often coexist, forming a metabolic syndrome characterized by elevated glucose levels, excess body fat, and abnormal lipid profiles, leading to severe complications such as cardiovascular diseases and organ dysfunction. Coriandrum sativum (coriander), a culinary herb with a long history of medicinal use in traditional systems like Ayurveda, has shown promising therapeutic potential in managing these metabolic disorders. Rich in bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, polyphenols, and essential oils, coriander exhibits antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activities. Its efficacy has been demonstrated in various experimental models of diabetes and Hyperlipidemia, with significant reductions in blood glucose levels, lipid parameters, and oxidative stress markers. The mechanisms underlying these effects include stimulation insulin secretion, inhibition of α-glucosidase activity, modulation of lipid metabolism, and antioxidant activity. This review comprehensively evaluates the pharmacological actions and mechanisms of coriander, including its seed and leaf extracts, essential oils, and dietary incorporation, in mitigating hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia, and obesity-associated complications. By integrating traditional knowledge with modern scientific evidence, this article highlights the therapeutic potential of Coriandrum sativum as a natural remedy for addressing the escalating burden of metabolic disorders
Contribution of clinical pharmacy to the rational and safe use of medicines in the neonatology unit of the pediatric university hospital Charles de Gaulle of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Full text linkBackground: Newborns are exposed to drug therapeutic risks due to off-label prescribing and immaturity. The purpose of this study is to identify drug-related problems through the prescription and administration of drugs in the neonatology Unit and identify the need for pharmaceutical interventions.
Methods: To assess drug-related problems, a cross-sectional observational study was conducted over five days at the neonatology Unit of the Pediatric University Hospital Charles de Gaulle in Burkina Faso. The study population consisted of newborns receiving drug prescriptions and treatment for five days.
Results: Prematurity (50%) and early neonatal infection (53.3%) were the most common reasons for admission. A total of 380 prescription lines were recorded. Injectable and oral forms represented 72.1% and 26.3% respectively. Prescription lines in 16.8% were off-label medicines. An accuracy of drug dosages at 6.1% and an accuracy of prescribed doses at 52.7%, characterized therapeutic regimens. The prescribed drug administrations were performed in 80.0% with compliant doses and administration scheduled time 1 hour in 53.4 % and 54.6 %, respectively. Prescribers and nurses accepted 92.6% and 93.9% of proposed pharmaceutical interventions to solve drug-related problems.
Conclusion. Our study emphasizes the importance of a clinical pharmacist within the health care team for the safe and efficient prescription and administration of newborn medication
An observational comparative study on the immediate, deferred, and no use of antiepileptics in the management of seizure
Full text linkBackground: The rationale for starting AEDs in patients with seizure and early epilepsy is still unclear. The decision to start and stop the drugs in patients with single seizures remains controversial. This study aims to compare the efficacy, safety, and short-term outcome of the immediate, deferred, and no use of AEDs in patients presenting with seizure.
Methods This observational study, included 87 patients with either gender or age group with first or multiple seizures to investigate immediate, deferred, or no AED use. Detailed demographics, history, and diagnostic test reports were recorded. Drug use patterns and outcomes of seizure recurrence and safety were evaluated.
Results: Out of 87 patients (56 male, 31 female), there were 26 paediatrics, 47 adults, and 15 elderly. Immediate AED treatment was given to 75%, 16% deferred, and 9% received no/SOS AED. Levetiracetam was commonly prescribed (78% in ED, 86% in wards, 63% at discharge). For immediate AEDs: 49% had good seizure control, 25% had recurrence, and 9% had breakthrough seizures. Deferred AEDs showed 36% good control/recurrence and 7% breakthrough. Without AEDs: 63% had good control and 25% had recurrence. AEs were higher in the immediate AED group (42%) vs. deferred (15%).
Conclusions: The study indicates that immediate use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) reduces short-term seizure recurrence but may increase adverse effects. In cases of reversible causes, it may be best to forgo AEDs. Decisions regarding AED therapy should be tailored to the patient's preferences and risk considerations
Comparison of safety and efficacy of lithium and lithium with SSRI in bipolar disorder
Full text linkBackground: Bipolar disorder is a serious psychiatric illness resulting in depression and mania that affects approximately 1.5% of the world population and represents a significant source of individual morbidity and mortality. Hence the present study was undertaken to compare the safety and efficacy of Lithium and Lithium with SSRI in Bipolar disorder.
Methods: Study was conducted in outpatient department, Department of Psychiatry, Basaveshwar Teaching and General Hospital attached to Mahadevappa Rampure Medical College, Kalaburagi, Karnataka. After obtaining Informed and written consent, Total 60 patients were selected after inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients were diagnosed according to MINI and were divided into 2 groups, Group 1: Patients receiving Lithium 800-1200 group 2: Patients receiving Lithium + Escitalopram 20 mg/those intolerants to Escitalopram were given Sertraline 100 mg. Both groups were followed up regularly at interval of 1, 3, 5 and 8 weeks
Results: Findings were tabulated according to comparative tools like MADRS, YMRS, C-SSRS, CGI- BP & QOLS, they were subjected to t-test and ANOVA to verify the outcome
Conclusions: Patients treated with Lithium + SSRI showed to have better quality of life and had a lower risk of switch to manic episodes