International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology
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Knowledge attitude and practice of materiovigilance among healthcare professionals in tertiary care hospitals
Get PDFBackground: Materiovigilance (Mv) refers to the systematic monitoring and evaluation of medical devices in order to assess their performance and safety during all stages of their life. The purpose of Mv is to identify and avoid any potential hazards or issues linked with medical equipment. In brief, Mv plays an important role in ensuring the performance and safety of medical equipment. It consists of the systematic observation, the collection, and analysis of data on occurrences and adverse events related to medical equipment. The study was conducted to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding Mv among healthcare professionals in tertiary care hospitals.
Methods: Self-prepared and validated questionnaires were distributed among healthcare Professionals in India through online forms from December 2022 to July 2023, a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was used, with convenience sampling utilized. Responses from 220 subjects were analyzed.
Results: The primary objective of this study was to assess the demographic details of the Healthcare Professionals as well as the distribution of knowledge, Attitude, Practice on Mv, in a list of 220 responses, 40% of them know about the Mv. Remaining 60% of them they don’t know about the Mv. Total 220 responses, 76.8% of the Healthcare professionals suggested to thought about the Mv, remaining 23.1% were disagreed. 75 out of 220 healthcare professionals acknowledged to seeing the reporting form and experiencing AE in their patients, while the remaining 145 denied it.
Conclusions: This study determined the knowledge, attitude and practice of Mv among healthcare professionals in tertiary care hospitals. According to the current study, the majority of healthcare professionals were knowledgeable and supportive of Mv, however they are not as effective in practice
Drug utilization and prescribing pattern in the treatment of urolithiasis: a perspective on World Health Organization recommendations
Get PDFBackground: Drug utilization research (DUR) is essential in promoting rational use of medicine, aimed at understanding the patterns of prescription, administration, and utilization of medications. It provides valuable insights into the actual drug usage patterns for specific disease conditions. To evaluate the current utilization pattern of drugs in patients of urolithiasis in the Department of General Medicine and Surgery at Integral Institute of Medical Science and Research Hospital, Lucknow.
Methods: Following the approval of the institutional ethics committee, a prospective observational study was conducted at Integral Institute of Medical Science and Research Department of general medicine and surgery over a six-month period. Urolithiasis patients’ prescriptions were analyzed to study the prescribing patterns. Information about patient demographics, co-morbidities, and the number and types of medications prescribed were collected and analyzed.
Results: Out of 102 patients studied, a female preponderance over male patients was observed. The co-morbidities that are encountered most commonly were hydronephrosis, cystitis, and renal cyst. There is averaged 7 medicines per prescription, 15.25% of medicines written by the generic name, 83.33% of patients receiving antibiotics, 54.70% of patients receiving injections, and 83% of drugs prescribed are mentioned in the essential medicine list. Analgesics, antibiotics, nutritional supplements, antiemetic, alkalizing agents, and antispasmodics were among the class of medicines given.
Conclusions: This study highlights the current use of medicines and drug utilization in urolithiasis management. The findings show important insights for healthcare professionals to enhance medication therapy, encourage cost-effective healthcare delivery and improve quality of patient in urolithiasis management
Important factors associated with using kratom among the U. S. population aged 12 years and above in 2019
Get PDFBackground: The psychoactive Southeast Asian herb known botanically as Mitragyna speciosa, or Kratom, has recently gained appeal as an illicit drug across the world. Demographic factors may explain the increased use of Kratom. Many demographic characteristics and risk factors are associated with kratom use and mental health. This analytical inquiry used the 2019 NSDUH database to identify and investigate the factors linked with Kratom misuse in the United States.
Methods: This cross-sectional study monitored the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) dataset, involving a multistage representative area probability sampling method. The data was collected from the non-institutionalized U.S. population aged 12 and above, comprising 98% of the study group. The study used a sample size of 56,136, filtered on inclusion/exclusion criteria. The study findings would offer valuable insights for epidemiologists, policymakers, and the wider community to improve behavioural health.
Results: The study found that 66.45% of Kratom users were unmarried, with 33.555% being married, widowed, or divorced. The low p-value of 0.0001 suggested a link between Kratom consumption and marital status. Individuals without mental health education used Kratom at a higher rate (78%), but no significant relationship was found. Males consumed Kratom at a higher rate (58.76%), while females consumed 41.24%.
Conclusions: The study highlighted the impact of demographic factors like age, marital status, gender, income, and mental health education on Kratom consumption, with implications for public health policy
Knowledge attitude and practice of pharmacovigilance among community pharmacy in India: a questionnaire study
Get PDFBackground: Pharmacovigilance (PV or PhV), also known as drug safety, is the pharmacological science relating to the collection, detection, assessment, monitoring, and prevention of adverse effects with pharmaceutical products. The Pharmacovigilance Program of India (PvPI), which has been functioning since July 2010, was renamed by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare of the Indian government. This study main objective to assess the current knowledge, attitude and practice of pharmacovigilance in community pharmacist.
Methods: Self-prepared and validated questionnaires were distributed among community pharmacists in India through online forms for 8 months, a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was used, with convenience sampling utilized. Responses from 2205 subjects were analyzed.
Results: The primary objective of this study was to assess the demographic details of the community pharmacists as well as the distribution of knowledge, Attitude, Practice on Pharmacovigilance, out of 2205 Community Pharmacist 1109 (50.3%) were male and 1016 (49.7%) were female. More than half of the respondents (54%) was familiar about the definition of pharmacovigilance. Out of 2205 respondents, 240 respondents thought that reporting adverse drug reaction is unnecessary. Among 2205 respondents, 445 respondents have not experienced ADR in their patients during their professional practice.
Conclusions This study determined the Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and practice of Pharmacovigilance among Community Pharmacist in India. According to this study, community pharmacists are good in attitude but they were not knowledgeable and not effective in practice
Prescribing pattern of antibiotics in ENT outpatient department in a tertiary care teaching hospital, Salem
Get PDFBackground: It is essential to evaluate the patterns of antimicrobial drugs prescribing, to know the microbial susceptibility and resistance to antimicrobial drugs. In this study, the Prescribing pattern of antibiotics was done after sensitizing about Standard treatment guidelines (STG) and using WHO core prescribing indicators.
Methods: This observational study was conducted from January 2022 to June 2022. The Prescriptions of patients with ENT infections were collected. Data of age, sex, type of ENT infections and drugs were noted in case record form and evaluated. Details regarding WHO Core indicators for prescription were collected.
Results: 340 prescriptions were analysed. Commonly prescribed antimicrobial drugs belonged to penicillin group (57.6%) and Macrolides (27%) and Quinolones (14.1%) and Cephalosporins (3.5%). WHO core indicators- the antimicrobial drugs prescribed were 1.0 per prescription. Most of the dosage form were oral tablets (93.3%), followed by injections (4.7%). The antimicrobials were prescribed by Generic name 83.6%. All the drugs are available from Essential drug list. The average number of drugs which were prescribed per prescription including antibiotics was 3.08.
Conclusions: In this study, Standard treatment guidelines (STG) for the ENT infections were followed and the antimicrobial drugs prescribed were Penicillin followed by Macrolides, and Cephalosporins. WHO core prescribing indicators like, the prescribing in the generic name was found to be satisfactory, and the average number of drugs per prescription were as per WHO recommendation
Antibacterial activity of 1,8-cineole and α-terpineol bioactive from cardamom against multi-drug-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from urinary tract infections-an in vitro study
Get PDFBackground: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are some of the most commonly encountered infections in clinical practice that affects 150 million people each year worldwide. The emergence of resistance, adverse effects of antimicrobial agents, and other related issues have prompted the establishment of a research framework to explore alternative methods for managing UTIs. Cardamom exhibits unique botanical characteristics and biochemical compositions, contributing to their diverse culinary and medicinal applications. Techniques like gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis have identified 1,8-cineole and a-terpineol as main bioactive components in both black and green cardamom. Present study addresses urgent, unmet analytical and clinical care needs by exploring adoption of alternative therapies, specifically nutraceuticals viz, 1, 8-cineole and α-terpineol, major bioactive from cardamon for controlling and treating UTIs.
Methods: Different concentrations of 1,8-cineole, α-terpineol and 1,8-cineole/α-terpineol (1:1) were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against multi-drug resistant (MDR) E. coli isolated from UTIs.
Results: The mean MIC and MBC of 1,8-cineole, α-terpineol and 1,8-cineole/α-terpineol (1:1) for MDR E. coli strains were 7.73 µg/ml, 0.32 µg/ml and 0.32 µg/ml respectively. For non MDR E. coli strains the mean MIC and MBC of the 1, 8-cineole, α-terpineol and 1,8-cineole/α-terpineol (1:1) were 2.14 µg/ml, 0.2 µg/ml and the 0.2 µg/ml respectively.
Conclusions: 1,8-cineole and α-terpineol exhibited good antimicrobial activity against urinary E. coli isolates tested, including MDR strains
Artificial intelligence-driven patient monitoring for adverse event detection in clinical trials
Get PDFArtificial intelligence (AI) keeps an eye on people in clinical studies to find out when bad things happen. This is a big way that AI is changing healthcare. It goes into a lot of detail about how AI has changed this field and stresses how important it is to use complicated formulas, always keep an eye on things, and follow the rules. These days, we have tools like deep learning frameworks, controlled and unsupervised learning models, and others that help us find bad things faster and more accurately. Tracking in real time is possible with early warning systems and constant data analysis. It helps make sure the experiment is done right and puts the safety of the people being tested first. AI-driven tracking systems can only work in an honest and reliable way if they follow the rules set by regulatory bodies such as the FDA and the EMA. The fact that AI has the ability to change the way medical research is done today, with benefits like making it faster and more accurate, makes its problems even more important. The report comes to the conclusion that more research, better teamwork, and a wider use of AI technologies are needed to make it more reliable to find bad events in clinical studies over time
Comparative study of efficacy and safety of pregabalin and gabapentin for treatment of neuropathic pain in oral cavity cancer patients: a comparative, randomized and prospective study
Get PDFBackground: Pain in patients with oral cancers can limit the normal functioning and quality of life. Neuropathic pain raises the anxiety and depression levels, increases the morbidity and decreases the efficiency to work. Neuropathic pain is frequently diagnosed as a complication of cancer pain due to direct invasion of nerves, plexus or compression, and side effect of chemotherapy, radiation injury or surgery.
Methods: A total of 60 patients were divided randomly into two groups based on treatment: group P (pregabalin) and group G (gabapentin). The intensity of pain was measured using visual analog scale (VAS) and DN4 questionnaire (Douleur Neuropathique 4) was used to evaluate neuropathic component. Changes in pain score and neuropathic component was assessed at 2nd and 4th week of follow up. Data was collected and analysed using SPSS 20.0 software at level of significance being p<0.05.
Results: At baseline, the mean±SD of VAS score in group P was 7.20±0.79; in group G was 7.13±0.66. At 2nd week, the mean±SD of VAS score in group P was 4.5±0.91; in group G was 4.46±0.88. At 4th week, the mean±SD of VAS score in group P was 3.66±0.69; in group G was 3.83±0.85. At baseline, the mean±SD of DN4 score in group P was 7.13±0.80; in group G was 6.93±0.85. At 2nd week, the mean±SD of DN4 score in group P was 4.73±0.92; in group G was 4.46±0.82. At 4th week, the mean±SD of DN4 score in group P was 3.73±0.42; in group G was 3.93±0.62.
Conclusions: Pregabalin was found to be more effective with lesser side effects than gabapentin
Vonoprazan: a promising advancement in proton pump inhibitor therapy
Get PDFVonoprazan, a potent potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB), has emerged as a potential therapeutic option for acid-related disorders, particularly gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and peptic ulcer disease (PUD). This comprehensive review aims to provide an overview of the efficacy, safety profile, and clinical implications of vonoprazan based on current literature. Efficacy studies have demonstrated vonoprazan's superiority over proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in achieving effective acid suppression, rapid symptom relief, and promoting mucosal healing in patients with GERD and PUD. Moreover, its long-lasting acid suppression properties offer protection against Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, presenting it as a potential alternative to traditional triple H. pylori eradication regimens. Safety evaluations reveal a favourable tolerability profile with minimal adverse effects and a lower risk of drug interactions compared to PPIs. However, concerns regarding long-term safety, such as hypomagnesemia and the potential for rebound acid hypersecretion, necessitate further investigation. Additionally, the role of vonoprazan in special populations, such as the elderly and those with renal impairment, warrants exploration. Overall, vonoprazan represents a promising advancement in acid suppression therapy, offering efficacy, safety, and potential advantages over traditional agents
Effectiveness of cocoa bean extract mouthwash against gingivitis in pregnant women in Aceh Besar
Get PDFBackground: Gingivitis and periodontitis are the most common dental support tissue problems in dentistry. Gingivitis is an inflammation of the gingiva due to the body's response to the accumulation of dental plaque bacteria in the form of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, Actinomyces, and Spirochaeta on the surface of the teeth. Gingivitis and nutritional status in pregnant women are related to the risk of 8.75 times the birth of low-birth-weight babies (BBLR) and premature babies. Prevention of gingivitis can be done chemically through gargling with antibacterial mouthwash. Therefore, herbal ingredients are needed that can prevent plaque and control gingivitis. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of mouthwash of cocoa bean extract against gingivitis.
Methods: This study used the post-test only control group design method. The study was conducted on pregnant women in Bayu Aceh Besar village with a total of 30 samples. The sample was divided into 3 groups that received different treatments. Group 1 was instructed to do a mouthwash with cocoa extract mouthwash while Group 2 with chlorhexidine, group 3 with mineral water. Each pregnant woman gargles for 30 seconds (20 ml) for 3 days.
Results: Analysis of the gingival index before and after using cocoa seed extract mouthwash showed that this mouthwash was more effective in reducing the gingival index with a value of p=0.012 (p<0.05).
Conclusions: Gargling with cocoa bean extract is more effective in reducing gingivitis. We recommend further studies to investigate the potential of cocoa bean extract for use in mouthwashes