International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology
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Pharmacological effect of walnuts consumption on metabolic syndrome: a current view
Get PDFCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide (WHO, 2017). In addition to the global and national morbidity and mortality burdens of the disease, it imposes a substantial economic burden on society. The American heart association predicts that by 2035, 45% of Americans will suffer from CVD with costs expected to reach $1.1 trillion annually. Clinical trials have demonstrated that a nut-containing diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol, while high in poly and monounsaturated fatty acids has a beneficial effect on plasma lipids and lipoproteins when compared with either a low fat or average American diet. Other bioactive compounds present in walnuts, including micronutrients, fiber, and phytochemicals, may also contribute to their cardio protective effect by reducing inflammation, improving vascular reactivity, and lowering oxidative stress. It has been demonstrated that the consumption of walnuts resulted in significant reduction in body mass index (BMI), percentage of body fat, increased lean body mass and an increased amount of water in the body. A large population cohort study also demonstrated a marked reduction in body weight and other anthropometric parameters in people on regular consumption of walnuts
A comparative study of intrathecal isobaric ropivacaine and hyperbaric bupivacaine for elective lower segment caesarean section
Get PDFBackground: The study was to compare intrathecal isobaric ropivacaine and hyperbaric bupivacaine in terms of onset of sensory block, maximum height of sensory block, total sensory duration, onset of motor block, degree of motor block and duration of motor block, quality of anesthesia.
Methods: The 100 cases of ASA II undergoing elective lower segment caesarean section were taken for the study and divided into two groups. Group B patients received 2 ml of hyperbaric bupivacaine intrathecally. Group R patients received 2ml of isobaric ropivacaine intrathecally. Patients were evaluated for onset and duration of sensory block, onset and duration of motor block, maximum height of sensory block, quality of anaesthesia, time to request for analgesia, hemodynamic parameters and side effects if any were studied.
Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups in mean time to onset of sensory block. Maximum sensory height attained in group B ranged between T4 and T6, where as in group R, it ranged between T2 and T6 which was clinically and statistically highly significant (p<0.001). Total duration of sensory block in group B and in group R, which is not significant (p=0.068). Mean time onset of motor block was 4min in group B and 8 min in group R, (p<0.001). Duration of motor block was 155.20±14.95 min in group B and 94.10±8.31 min group R, which is clinically and statistically significant (p<0.001).
Conclusions: Ropivacaine 15 mg (2 ml of 0.75% isobaric ropivacaine) provides comparable quality of sensory block but has slower onset and significantly shorter duration of motor block compared to bupivacaine
Consumers satisfaction with pharmaceutical services in community pharmacies in Benghazi-Libya
Get PDFBackground: The pharmacist, as a front-line provider, is always in contact with patients who come to the pharmacy for various reasons. This study aimed to determine patients’ satisfaction with pharmaceutical services provided by community pharmacists.
Methods: An anonymous, pre-piloted questionnaire-based study was conducted in Benghazi, Libya. Data were analyzed using SPSS, and results were expressed as frequency and percentage of respondents.
Results: A total of 281 completed questionnaires were received back. The majority (196, 69%) of respondents were female. The respondents were of different age groups, but most of them were between 17 and 24 (65.1%) years old. Over 50% of the participants were students (159, 56.6%). The majority of participants find the pharmacist helpful (96%), and 77% of the participants have categorized the pharmacist as a salesman. Most of the participants ask the pharmacist about how to use a medical device, the dose of medication, the frequency of use, the duration of treatment, and the side effects of the medication. Patients (113, 4.2%) do not ask the pharmacist because the physician provided information.
Conclusions: The results of the present study showed a moderate level of patient satisfaction with the help provided by the community pharmacist. However, the pharmacist needs to fully practice his or her role to the advantage of the patients, and the latter needs to be aware of what to expect and demand from the community pharmacist
Occupational acne: a case series
Get PDFOccupational acne a type of acne venenata, is caused by both the action of physical environmental factors and professional contact with chemicals. It can affect both those who have pre-existing seborrhea and acne that gets worse after chemotherapy and those who do not have a positive history of these conditions. Previously, occupational acne was believed to be one of the most common environmental skin conditions, second only to contact dermatitis. Although specific risk factors are not required, oil acne and cystic acne may be influenced by a predisposition to seborrhea and a history of hepatic alteration. From an etiological perspective, there are two types of occupational acne: petroleum-derived acne and acne resulting from coal tar products. In Skin and VD department OPD, Patna Medical College and Hospital we got three cases of occupational acne in February 2024. We came to the conclusion that these were occupational acne on the basis of detailed enquiry about previous chemical exposure and histopathological examinations. These patients were advised to immediate cessation of chemical exposure and managed by appropriate antibiotics, isotretinoin and face hygiene. All patients recovered satisfactory without any complications in 10-12 weeks
Efficacy of Enzotein in post-operative recovery and morbidity reduction in acute necrotizing pancreatitis: a case report
Get PDFAcute pancreatitis (AP) is a clinical syndrome defined by a discrete episode of abdominal pain and elevations in serum enzyme levels. A 40-year-old male driver from a lower socioeconomic background presented with epigastric and umbilical pain, weighing 60 kg and measuring 157 cm. A detailed case history followed by investigations confirmed acute necrotizing pancreatitis with fluid collection. Management involved a Malecot catheter insertion, draining fluid with high amylase. Follow-up showed increasing fluid collection, necessitating necrosectomy, NJ tube insertion, and laparostomy after seven weeks. Post-surgery, recovery involved dressings, physiotherapy, and a high-protein diet with Proteinace 98. By two years, the patient achieved 75 kg weight, BMI 24 kg/m², improved muscle mass, controlled diabetes and hypertension, alcohol abstinence for three years and had resumed his work
Emerging trends in precision medicine and its impact in pharmacy practice
Get PDFPrecision medicine is revolutionizing healthcare by tailoring treatments to an individual’s unique genetic makeup, life style, and environment. This abstract explores the latest trends in precision medicine and discusses how it impacts pharmacy practice, including the development of targeted therapies and the role of pharmacogenomics in optimizing drug selection and dosage. Exciting advancements in this field offer the potential for improved patient outcomes and more precise medication management
Evaluation of anti-epileptic properties of Evolvulus alsinoides by pentylenetetrazole-induced mouse model
Get PDFBackground: A common neurological condition that affects people of all ages, epilepsy is defined by recurring seizures that have serious negative effects on the nervous system, cognition, psychology, and social interactions. Anti-epileptic drug (AED) side effects continue to be a significant concern despite advances in pharmacotherapy, as they can lower quality of life and adherence. Herbal medicines are becoming more and more popular as complementary and alternative therapies as a result.
Methods: Using a mouse seizure model caused by PTZ (Pentylenetetrazole), this study examines the anticonvulsant efficacy of a traditional medicinal plant called Evolvulus alsinoides, often known as dwarf slender morning glory. The herb was mixed with 1.5% CMC and given to mice with various dosage levels.
Results: The effects of various doses of morning glory extract (50 mg/kg to 400 mg/kg body weight) on latency period and seizure duration were compared to those of a control group and a diazepam-treated group. In latency period, 300 mg/kg. b. wt group showed a long latency period of 222.5±47.68 (p<0.05) when comparing to other groups. Morning glory of dose 400 mg/kg b. wt eliminated tonic-clonic seizures in all animals (p<0.001).
Conclusions: These findings suggest that Evolvulus alsinoides has anti-epileptic properties in PTZ-induced mice model
A prescription audit in the ear, nose and throat outpatient department, in a tertiary care hospital: a descriptive cross-sectional study
Get PDFBackground: Prescription audit is a quality improvement process aimed at enhancing patient care and outcomes by reviewing prescriptions. It provides feedback to healthcare providers, (HCPs) to identify areas for improvement and ensure the quality of prescriptions. This study aims to analyse the prescription patterns and prescribing behaviour of doctors using world health organization (WHO) recommended core prescribing indicators and prescription audit guidelines from national health mission (NHM), India and implement action plan accordingly.
Methods: A descriptive observational cross-sectional study was conducted for one month in the ear, nose and throat outpatient department (ENT OPD) of KMC-RI, Hubballi. A total of 96 prescriptions were analysed using WHO-recommended core indicators and additional indicators from a prescription audit template. An action plan was created to enhance prescription quality.
Results: All the prescriptions contained complete demographic details of the patients, OPD registration name and date of consultation. Handwriting was legible in all 96 prescriptions with a score of 100%. Two lowest performing attributes were identified using prescription audit tool namely, allergy status and generic name with a score of 7% and 37.9% respectively. The study revealed that average number of drugs encountered was 1.9, the percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name was 37.9%, percentage of encounters with an injection prescribed was 2.08% and percentage of drugs prescribed from NLEM was 37.9%.
Conclusions: The prescription audit revealed that most prescriptions adhered to WHO standards. However, improvements are needed in documenting allergy status and prescribing by generic name. An action plan with a defined timeline has been prepared to provide feedback, aiming to enhance prescription quality and ensure better healthcare outcomes
Unveiling maternal morbidity: insights from a descriptive cross-sectional study of postpartum women
Get PDFBackground: The repercussions of obstetric problems and inadequate management during birth are carried over into the normal 42-day postpartum period, adding to the burden of maternal ill-health, which also includes levels of maternal mortality and complications during postpartum period. Our study was done to determine the common morbidities that postpartum subjects undergo and make awareness to health care practitioners and prevent complicated scenarios.
Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in rural areas of Eraviperoor Grama Panchayath community pathanamthitta, Kerala, India. There were 150 people in the study's sample. The study involved women who are in their postpartum phase (months 0–8).
Results: Our study of 150 participants found that 65% of deliveries were through C-sections. Despite 56% of postpartum women expressing high satisfaction with their overall health, concerns include nipple cracks (80%), urinary tract infections (56%), bacterial infections (12.5%), stitch allergies (6.5%), anemia (18%), leg edema or erythema (2%), difficulty urinating (18%), burning during urination (13%), and breast pain (4%) as prevalent morbidities.
Conclusions: The present findings enable healthcare professionals to examine postpartum women's physical and emotional health more comprehensively, enabling them to enhance their quality of life
Evaluation of promotional drug literature using WHO guidelines: comparison between present and previous data
Get PDFBackground: Medical professionals get information about drugs from drug manufacturers through brochures, reminders, flip charts, pamphlets, visual aids and other forms of advertisements which together constitute promotional drug literature (PDL). The objectives of this study were to find out find out percentage of PDLs that adhere to the guidelines laid out by WHO and to compare data obtained from this study to that of a similar study conducted 13 years back to see if there has been any change in the quality and standard of PDLs over this time period.
Method: Total of 500 PDLs were collected from various OPDs of a tertiary care teaching hospital. These PDLs were evaluated against WHO ethical criteria for drug promotion, 1988. The results obtained were compared with a similar study conducted 13 years back (two authors from the previous study are co-investigators in present study) to check whether pharmaceutical companies adhere to WHO guidelines and whether there is any improvement in the quality and standard of PDLs over this time period.
Results: There is significant decrease in percentage of PDLs mentioning generic names, approved uses, regimen, references in the present study compared to the previous one. At the same time this study also revealed some positive outcomes like decrease in the number of irretrievable journal articles used as references, decrease in the number of pseudographs and increase in the number of valid references.
Conclusion: It is essential to consider the negative findings of this study and measures implemented to improve the same