International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology
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A new horizon in Stargardt’s disease: a comprehensive rapid review of interventional therapies
Get PDFThis rapid synthesis comprised seven studies on inherited macular dystrophy, known as Stargardt disease, which primarily affects children and young adults and is caused by the breakdown of a particular type of light-sensing cell in the eye called ABCA4. One database was selected, and search was carried out using the keywords Stargardt disease and interventional techniques by the application of the appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria. Most studies were randomized controlled trials, and other systematic reviews and meta-analyses were included, which provided information about the study's methodology and results. The interventional therapies used in this review, including the use of saffron, docosahexaenoic acid, emuxistat hydrochloride, and biofeedback therapy, had a positive effect on Stargardt disease. Therefore, additional studies and syntheses, including controlled trials, case series, adequate sample sizes, and multiple centers, are needed in the future
Study of utilization of antimicrobial drugs and its resistance pattern in patients with septicemia at a tertiary care hospital
Get PDFBackground: Many types of bacteria can produce septicemia. The most common infections that lead to septicemia are urinary tract infections, pneumonia, nephritis and abdominal infections.
Methods: The study aims to assess the pattern of antimicrobial drugs used in septicemia and to assess the etiological organisms and their drug sensitivity and resistance pattern. Study participants admitted to tertiary health care centre and who are having septicemia were included in this prospective observational study. Blood culture, bronchial secretions were subjected to microbiological analysis. The etiological organisms, their drug sensitivity and resistance pattern and the outcome of drug therapy were recorded. The clinical course of the study participants was monitored till cure either the resolution of pneumonia. Qualitative data were analyzed using the chi-square test or Fischer's exact test and quantitative data using the independent t test.
Results: Mean duration of hospital stay in all patients 13.22±0.45 days and in resistance cases it was found 19.22±0.45 days. Mean duration of ICU stay in all patients was 4.34±0.45 days and in resistant cases mean duration of ICU stay was 8.18±0.45 days. Clinical outcome in overall admitted patients recovered was 97 patients (80.83%) death was 16 patients (13.33%). Clinical outcome in resistant patients recovered 16 patients (13.33%) and death 26 patients (21.66%).
Conclusions: The organisms had a varied sensitivity and resistance pattern. The clinical outcome was multifactorial
Clozapine induced pneumonitis: a case report
Get PDFClozapine is an atypical antipsychotic used for the treatment of schizophrenia. Clozapine acts by blocking serotonin receptors in the brain, thereby reducing the symptoms of schizophrenia. Clozapine is usually restricted to the treatment of resistant cases of schizophrenia. Clozapine induced pneumonitis is a very rare adverse reaction and, one such incident in a 16-year-old Indian boy is intricated in this case report
Evaluation of invitro antidiabetic activity using silver nanoparticles of Galinsoga parviflora leaf extract
Get PDFBackground: Diabetes mellitus, characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, can lead to severe complications if untreated. G. parviflora, a plant from the Astereaceae family, is traditionally recognized for its medicinal properties, including hypoglycemic effects. This study investigates the antidiabetic potential of silver nanoparticles synthesized from G. parviflora leaf extract. To evaluate the in-vitro antidiabetic activity of silver nanoparticles from G. parviflora by assessing their α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, and glucose uptake using the everted gut sac method.
Methods: Silver nanoparticles were synthesized from G. parviflora and tested for α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects using colorimetric methods. Glucose uptake activity was assessed with an everted gut sac model from chicken ileum. Statistical analysis employed one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test, with significance set at p<0.05.
Results: The nanoparticles exhibited significant α-amylase inhibitory activity, with 90.2% inhibition at 200 µl and 91.9% at 400 µl, surpassing the standard drug Acarbose. They also showed dose-dependent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, achieving 34.5% inhibition at 200 µl and 32.6% at 400 µl. Glucose uptake analysis revealed significant reductions at 150 minutes for both the standard drug and nanoparticles compared to the control (p<0.05). However, at 300 minutes, only the standard treatment maintained significant differences.
Conclusions: Silver nanoparticles of G. parviflora exhibit significant in vitro antidiabetic activity by inhibiting key digestive enzymes and reducing glucose uptake. These findings suggest their potential for developing novel antidiabetic therapies
A rare case report of diclofenac induced Steven Johnson syndrome
Get PDFStevens Johnson syndrome (SJS) and Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are acute life-threatening mucocutaneous diseases characterized by extensive necrosis involving the mucous membrane and epidermis. In this case, a 54-year-old female after intake of prescribed diclofenac tablet presented with multiple reddish maculopapular eruptions over face, abdomen, both limbs, over lips and oral cavity associated with pain and intense pruritus. This case is a rare presentation of drug induced SJS caused by commonly prescribed NSAID, diclofenac. Patient’s condition improved after withdrawal of offending drug and prompt treatment. This case suggests that emphasis on early detection, assessment and timely management of adverse drug reactions is of upmost importance. Thus, establishment of proper vigilance centre and regular monitoring is necessary and taking caution in prescribing drugs as well in elderly groups
Exploring the effect of peppermint oil massage on pulmonary function in patients with bronchial asthma: insights from a case series
Get PDFBronchial asthma (BA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness and obstruction, leading to symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. Management typically involves inhaled corticosteroids, but their adverse effects necessitate exploring alternative therapies. Aromatherapy massage, particularly using peppermint oil, may offer therapeutic benefits due to its anti-inflammatory and broncho dilatory properties. This study investigates the impact of upper back massage with peppermint oil on pulmonary function in BA patients. Three female patients with a history of poorly controlled BA participated in this case series. Each patient received a 20-minute upper back massage with peppermint oil daily for 10 days. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were conducted before and after the intervention, measuring forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), the FEV1/FVC ratio, peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), and forced expiratory flow (FEF 25-75%). All patients showed improvement in pulmonary function post-intervention. Case 1: FVC increased from 80% to 97%, FEV1 from 67% to 82%, and PEFR from 72% to 93%. Case 2: FVC improved from 69% to 81%, FEV1 from 64% to 76%, and FEF 25-75% from 40% to 50%. Case 3: FVC rose from 74% to 78%, FEV1 from 55% to 60%, and PEFR from 56% to 63%. Upper back massage using peppermint oil appears to enhance pulmonary function in individuals with bronchial asthma
A prospective and observational study on rationale use of noradrenalin and vasopressin in critically ill patients
Get PDFBackground: Shock, particularly septic shock, is a critical medical condition characterized by inadequate blood flow, leading to multi-organ failure and high mortality rates. Traditional treatment includes fluid resuscitation and antibiotic therapy, but advancements in understanding and management are needed. This study aims to evaluate the rationale use of noradrenalin and vasopressin in patients with shock, specifically focusing on their effects on blood pressure.
Methods: Conducted as a prospective observational study at a tertiary care hospital, the study involved 50 critically ill patients diagnosed with septic, cardiogenic or hypovolemic shock. Patients were treated with either noradrenalin, vasopressin or both and data were collected from ICU, HICU and CCU admissions. Inclusive criteria included critically ill patients with shock on noradrenalin or vasopressin. Exclusion criteria included pregnant or breastfeeding women and dialysis patients.
Results: Among the patients, septic shock was the most common type (68%). Age distribution showed a majority (24%) aged 61-70 years, while a minority (2%) was 11-20 years old. Significant contributors to septic shock were lower respiratory tract infections (23.4%) and urosepsis (19.4%). The study noted fluctuations in systolic and diastolic blood pressures in response to the medications.
Conclusions: The study result demonstrated that the change in the blood pressure were significant. Changes in the diastolic pressure when used vasopressin along with norepinephrine was more prominent. Drug interactions didn’t cause any adverse effects in the course of treatment as there is no significant fluctuation in the K levels. Not much difference was seen in blood cells count, ABG but significant decrease in serum lactate, CRP and troponin were seen
Piperacillin-tazobactam fixed dose combination induced skin reaction in a patient with split thickness skin grafting: a case report
Get PDFPiperacillin is a semi-synthetic ureido-penicillin. It has a broad spectrum against gram negative bacilli particularly P. aeruginosa. It is one of the most broadly active of the currently available penicillin with regard to other bacterial species like proteus, klebsiella, H. influenzae and gonococci. Tazobactam is β-lactamase inhibitor and combined with piperacillin to increase spectrum of the drug. Patient was 25 years old female, admitted in orthopaedic department for treatment of traumatic leg injury of left limb. Leg was amputated in the accident, so after 1-month split thickness skin grafting was done at plastic surgery department. For prophylaxis piperacillin-tazobactam IV 4.5 gm 8 hourly given, on 2nd post operative day patient reported rashes on neck, trunk, both upper and lower extremities, sparing the mucous membrane. Patient was prescribed anti pruritic and anti-allergic medication for ADR management. It is necessary to use such kind of drugs cautiously in patients whose health is deteriorated by this medication
A comparative study of hypolipidemic effect of atorvastatin and Coriandrum sativum in triton-induced hyperlipidemic albino rat model
Get PDFBackground: Hyperlipidemia is the main factor responsible for coronary artery disease. Atorvastatin commonly used, as a competitive inhibitor of HMG-Co-A reductase, is known to reduce LDL and triglyceride levels and increase HDL levels. Coriandrum sativum (Coriander) belongs to the Apiaceae family and has hypolipidemic, antidiabetic, and antioxidant properties. Triton WR1339 has been used by several studies to induce hypercholesterolemia in animals which acts on both the synthesis and excretory phase. This study aimed to compare the hypolipidemic effect of Coriandrum sativum and atorvastatin in triton-induced hyperlipidemic rats.
Methods: Following approval from the Institutional Animal Ethics committee, 36 Wistar albino rats were divided into 6 groups of 6 animals each. Triton 200mg IP was administered to all the groups except Group 1 (control). Groups 3 and 4 received Coriander extract 300mg/kg and Atorvastatin 80mg/kg orally with Triton. Groups 5 and 6 received Coriander extract and Atorvastatin respectively 22 hours later. Lipid profile was estimated 24 hours before, 24 and 48 hours after administering Triton.
Results: In the synthesis phase, there is a statistically significant increase in the lipid levels in Groups 2, 5, and 6 compared to Groups 3 and, 4 indicating hypolipidemic effects of both Coriander extract and Atorvastatin. In the excretory phase, all groups have shown a decrease in lipid levels but a decrease in total cholesterol level in Group 5 compared to Group 3 was significant.
Conclusions: Atorvastatin and Coriander extract both affect the lipid levels in the synthesis and excretory phase. Even though coriander cannot replace atorvastatin in the management of hyperlipidemia, it can be used as an adjuvant to atorvastatin to reduce the cost effects and adverse reactions caused by allopathic medicines.
Pregnancy and nutrition: a comprehensive review
Get PDFNutrition plays a critical role in ensuring a healthy pregnancy and optimizing outcomes for both the mother and the foetus. This review explores key aspects of pregnancy nutrition, including the importance of essential nutrients such as folic acid, iron, calcium, and omega-3 fatty acids. It examines the impact of maternal dietary patterns on fetal development and highlights the role of specific dietary interventions in managing conditions like gestational diabetes. The review also addresses the importance of nutritional supplements and food safety practices to prevent foodborne illnesses. Additionally, cultural and socioeconomic factors influencing prenatal nutrition are discussed, along with the significance of hydration and the effects of maternal weight on pregnancy outcomes. By integrating current research and guidelines, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how nutrition affects pregnancy and offers insights for improving prenatal care and health outcomes