International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology
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Osteosarcoma – a rare clinical presentation and management approach
Full text linkOsteosarcomas arise from primitive mesenchymal cells, primarily originating in bone and rarely in soft tissue. If left untreated, they follow an aggressive course, leading to local and metastatic disease progression. Osteosarcoma is an uncommon type of sarcoma characterized by the histological presence of osteoid production linked to malignant mesenchymal cells. It is the third most prevalent cancer in children and adolescents, following lymphomas and brain tumors. The exact causes remain unclear, but its occurrence in the growing population and its typical location at the ends of long bones suggest a link to rapid bone production
Synergizing sodium-dependent glucose transporter inhibitors with dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 inhibitor and metformin: a novel approach to diabetes management in India
Full text linkBackground: The rising prevalence of diabetes in India necessitates effective and targeted management strategies. This article explores the efficacy of synergistic action of key antidiabetic agents, including metformin, sodium-dependent glucose transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, and dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, in a fixed dose combination.
Methods: The current survey obtained the opinion of the health care professionals (HCPs) on the benefits and significance of the triple fixed dose combinations (FDCs) of dapagliflozin, sitagliptin, and metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) management.
Results: The poll indicates that ~97% of the healthcare practitioners agreeing on the importance of achieving better time in range with the FDC and the potential benefits of early initiation of the FDC for improved glycemic control and cardio-renal outcomes. Majority of HCPs (77%) express confidence in the safety profile of the combination in T2DM. Almost all (99%) of the HCPs agree on the need for collating real-world data from HCPs to understand the effectiveness of FDC in India and for devising evidence based strategies.
Conclusions: The triple FDC of dapagliflozin, sitagliptin, and metformin stands out as a promising approach for diabetes management. The study also underscores the importance of conducting extensive, large scale real-world studies to gather more data, contributing to evidence based strategies for diabetes management in the Indian population.
Ethosuximide associated drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms syndrome masqueraded as adenovirus infection
Full text linkDrug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is a serious adverse reaction due to drugs. Due to the rarity of this condition particularly in children, DRESS can be often misdiagnosed. An 8-year-old boy was referred to our paediatrics department with the complaints of persisting fever and rashes. He was tested positive for Adenovirus infection and was provisionally diagnosed with urticaria due to viral infection, for which he was started with antiviral and antipyretics. The child was also recently diagnosed with Myoclonic Absence Epilepsy and was started on syrup Ethosuximide. Despite being treated with antiviral and antipyretics his fever spikes were consistent with itchy rashes. Multidisciplinary medical consultations were done to finally rule out DRESS associated with Ethosuximde and the drug was stopped. The child showed significant improvement from the next day with no further episodes of fever spike. Hence, we present this case to provide an alert for the need of early differential diagnosis of DRESS syndrome in case of concomitant viral infection
Preclinical hematological profile studies of an ayurvedic medicine Krishna Chaturmukha after chronic administration to male Sprague-Dawley rats
Full text linkBackground: Krishna Chaturmukha (KMC) is an ayurvedic formulation predominantly used as a traditional medicine in the rural population to get relief from various neurological disorders.
Methods: The acute pharmacological test of KMC recorded no death or any signs of effectivity even at the highest dose of 4000 mg/kg body weight. The effect of chronic administration of KMC on hematological parameters was determined by administrating chronically to the male Sprague-Dawley rats at a dose of 100 mg per kg body weight for 40 days.
Results: There was a (10.12 %) decrease in the number of white blood cell count of the male rats, which, although not statistically significant yet it was prominent (p=0.248). Similarly, a negligible (0.12 %) decrease in the red blood cell count was observed, which was not statistically significant at all (p=0.965). Conversely, the platelets count showed a (4.99 %) increase in the experimental animals, while this increase was not significant, yet it was prominent (p=0.296). Furthermore, a (1.89 %) decline was observed in the platelet volume distribution width of the experiment rats, which, although not significant, yet it was noticeable (p=0.076).
Conclusions: From this study, it is evident that there is no significant change in the hematological parameters in the body of the treated rats, therefore it is safe to use in usual dose. Further research and analysis with biochemical parameters should be done to reconfirm the safety of this ayurvedic medicine
Drotaverine induced urticaria: a case report
Full text linkDrotaverine belongs to the hydroisoquinolone class of drugs. It is an effective antispasmodic drug used in the symptomatic treatment of various conditions such as GI diseases, biliary dyskinesia and smooth muscle spasms. There are a very few hypersensitivity reactions reported with this drug. Drotaverine induced cutaneous lesions is a very rare adverse effect and one such occurrence is discussed here. Diagnosis is a clinical one, made usually on the basis of knowledge obtained by medical history and physical examination
Study of prescription pattern of topical antimicrobials used for eye infections in ophthalmology
Full text linkBackground: The use of topical antibacterial medicines for the treatment of patients with infections in the eye has various advantages with some disadvantages. After literature search, I was unable to find a larger number of articles on eye infections, so I selected this study in this particular area.
Methods: It was observational cross-sectional study; 270 patients were enrolled who visited the Ophthalmology OPD with a diagnosis of eye infections.
Results: The mean age±SD were 39.53 (±16.30). The 40.37% patients were suffering from conjunctivitis. The most commonly prescribed dosage forms were eye drops 38.58% and eye ointment 30.37%. The medicines prescribed by generic name were 37.47% and by brand name 62.52%.
Conclusions: Total drugs prescribed were 451. Price variation of drugs is calculated by comparing the price of generic vs. branded drugs
Assessment of effect of educational intervention on awareness, attitude, and practice regarding pharmacovigilance practices among patients admitted in a tertiary healthcare center in South India
Full text linkBackground: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) remain a significant contributor to global morbidity and mortality. Despite the launch of the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI) to improve ADR reporting, under-reporting persists largely due to limited public awareness. Active consumer participation is essential for the success of pharmacovigilance systems. Objective of the study was to assess the impact of an educational intervention on the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding pharmacovigilance among inpatients at a rural tertiary healthcare center in South India.
Methods: A prospective crossover study was conducted using a pre-validated KAP questionnaire. Adult inpatients aged 18–75 years, excluding healthcare workers, were enrolled via convenient sampling. An educational session tailored for non-medical individuals was delivered, followed by re-administration of the same KAP tool to assess changes. The target sample size was 175, with an additional 5 participants enrolled within the study period. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained.
Results: The study included 180 participants (96 males, 84 females) with a mean age of 40.15±15.30 years. Post-intervention, awareness of what constitutes an ADR rose markedly from 27.8% to 97.8%, and belief in the universal possibility of side effects increased from 20% to 98.9%. Willingness to report ADRs in the future improved slightly from 95% to 96.1%, although actual reporting practice remained limited. Overall, the educational session significantly enhanced participant awareness, attitudes, and understanding related to pharmacovigilance.
Conclusions: Structured educational interventions can substantially improve public engagement in pharmacovigilance. Strengthening patient awareness and involvement, particularly in rural settings, is vital to advancing drug safety monitoring in India
Antimicrobial usage in post operative patients in general surgery wards and intensive care units of a tertiary care hospital in central India: an ATC/DDD-based observational study
Full text linkBackground: The rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global health concern, due to inappropriate use of antibiotics. General surgery wards and intensive care units (intensive care units), are high-risk areas due to frequent use of antimicrobials for postoperative prophylaxis and treatment. This study focuses on assessing antimicrobial consumption patterns in postoperative patients using the world health organization (WHO) anatomical therapeutic chemical/defined daily dose (ATC/DDD) system.
Methods: A prospective, observational study was conducted over 12 months in the general surgery unit of tertiary care hospital. Antimicrobial usage data were collected from postoperative patients using WHO’s ATC/DDD methodology and expressed as DDD/100 bed-days. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis, and ethical approval was obtained prior to study initiation.
Results: Out of 600 participants enrolled, majority were males (64.5%), 49.66% were in 18-40 age group, and majority (69.33%) were from rural areas. Most patients (47.5%) were prescribed two antibiotics. A total of nine antibiotics were commonly prescribed, with inj. metronidazole being the most frequently used (35.8%), followed by inj. amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (24.3%) and inj. cefotaxime (12.0%). According to WHO ATC/DDD methodology, inj. metronidazole showed the highest antibiotic consumption at 14.96 DDD/100 bed-days, followed by inj. amoxicillin + clavulanic acid at 7.17 DDD/100 bed-days.
Conclusions: Study highlights extensive antibiotic use (99.66%) in postoperative patients, with a predominance of injectable drugs (86.07%). Average of 2.12 antibiotics per patient suggests a trend toward broad-spectrum prophylaxis, raising concerns about costs, adverse effects, and resistance. The findings underscore the need for prescription audits and antimicrobial stewardship to improve rational and cost-effective drug use
Unveiling the science of drug development: strategies, successes, and challenges
Full text linkThis abstract provides an in-depth exploration of drug development, from historical perspectives to modern challenges and emerging trends. It begins by tracing the evolution of drug development over centuries, highlighting the pivotal role of pharmacy and regulatory oversight. The abstract emphasizes the multifaceted nature of drug development, involving collaboration across scientific disciplines and various stages, from preclinical to post-market monitoring. The challenges inherent in drug development, such as high costs, lengthy timelines, and regulatory hurdles, are thoroughly examined. Despite these challenges, the abstract underscores the importance of drug development in addressing unmet medical needs and improving public health. Furthermore, the abstract delves into specific aspects of drug development, including preclinical research and discovery, clinical trial methodologies, and successes and challenges in the field. It also discusses emerging trends, such as precision medicine, digitalization, and the role of artificial intelligence and machine learning. Overall, this abstract provides a comprehensive overview of drug development, highlighting its significance, challenges, and future directions in advancing healthcare
A case of erythema multiforme: a result of self-medication with unknown drugs
Full text linkThere are several causes of erythema multiforme (EM), an acute, self-limiting, hypersensitivity mucocutaneous lesion. Erythema multiforme minor, erythema multiforme major, Steven Johnson Syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrosis are included in the spectrum of illnesses, with erythema multiforme minor being the mildest and toxic epidermal necrosis the most severe