Journal Of Advanced Zoology
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A Study On The Fluoride Content Of The Groundwater In The Gurazala Division Of The Palnadu District, Andhra Pradesh, India
Full text linkWater available for human consumption is very limited, as major percentage of water is in oceans which cover around 70% of the earth’s surface and merely 3% of this precious resource is considered fresh water. Major share of fresh water is locked in the polar icecaps leaving humanity with approximately 0.4 percent of the earth’s water which is usable and needs to be shared among the 7 billion population (Worldatlas.com). In recent decades, there has been a growing fear over the possibility of Fluoride (F−) in groundwater and the potential adverse health effects related to F− exposure. So, this study assessed the amount and trend of groundwater F- distribution at the level of the region. The present study was taken up to ascertain the water quality Gurazala division of Palnadu District in Andhra Pradesh with reference to its domestic usage criteria by doing the Fluoride (F−) ion are presented. And the Sampling was carried out during Pre-monsoon season at 10 mandals of 60 locations in Gurazala division and in addition to discover the relative treatment methods to make groundwater for usage
Enhancing Speed, Agility and Heart rate optimization through HIIT: Insights from Female Rugby players
Full text linkBackground: High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) is a form of interval training that involves alternating between short periods of high-intensity movements, elevating the heart rate to at least 80% of one\u27s maximum, and brief intervals of lower-intensity activity. While there\u27s a substantial body of evidence demonstrating the Psycho-physiological benefits of HIIT, there is indeed a recognized gap in research that specifically emphasizes HIIT\u27s potential to induce sports-specific adaptations which leads to enhanced performance in chosen sports. By addressing the unique demands of the sport through targeted HIIT protocols, athletes may experience more transferable improvements in skills and fitness requirements. Closing this research gap is essential for providing athletes, coaches, and sports scientists with evidence-based insights into how HIIT can be optimized for specific sports training. As such, ongoing studies and future research endeavours focusing on sport-specific adaptations through HIIT are likely to contribute valuable insights to the field of sports science and conditioning.Top of Form
Purpose: This study seeks to examine the impact of a brief tailor made High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) program on key performance indicators, specifically Speed, Agility and Resting Heart Rate (RHR) levels in female rugby players. Understanding how short-term HIIT interventions influence these parameters can provide valuable insights into the potential benefits of this training approach for female athletes in a rugby context.
Methods: 30 female rugby players (17-25 years of age) at the inter-collegiate level, representing various campuses of Calicut University, were chosen and randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group participated in an 8-week High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) program designed specifically for rugby players, whereas the control group did not undergo any training. Assessments of speed, Agility and Resting Heart Rate (RHR) levels were performed both before and after the completion of the HIIT training program. Assessments were done using 60 meters Sprint test for speed, RHR with the help of stethoscope and Agility by using Agility cone drill test.
Results: Following an 8-week intervention, all measured indices showed significant improvement in the HIIT group, while no significant changes were observed in the control group. Significantly different outcomes between the scores of HIIT and control groups were evident in Speed, Agility and Resting Heart Rate (RHR) levels both before and after the HIIT program.
Conclusion: The custom-designed High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) program implemented in the current study resulted in significant improvements in the speed, Agility, and resting heart rate levels, thereby enhancing the overall game performance of female rugby players. This underscores the efficacy of HIIT, emphasizing its adaptability to be specifically tailored to replicate the intensity and duration of movements pertinent to a particular sport, such as rugby
Ascorbic Acid: Therapeutic Implications In Neurodegenerative Diseases
Full text linkAscorbic acid, or vitamin C, is a non-enzymatic antioxidant that dissolves in water. According to research, depending on its dose, vitamin C may have immunomodulatory and antibacterial effects. Ascorbic acid regulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in a critical manner. Therefore, research into ascorbic acid\u27s potential role in the neuro-endocrine interaction is necessary to control neurodegenerative illnesses and behavioral abnormalities. Ascorbate, a reduced form of vitamin C, can scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrogen oxides (NO) produced during synaptic activity and neuronal metabolism in brain tissue. According to a number of studies, ascorbic acid effectively regulates redox balance by increasing the activity of natural antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, CAT, GRx, and GPx. Additionally, it performs crucial roles in protein aggregation, which is unquestionably vital in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative illnesses including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer\u27s, Parkinson\u27s, and Huntington\u27s disorders. It\u27s interesting to note that a mouse model showed that lower brain ascorbate could cause oxidative stress at a young age, hastening the onset of pathological alterations such Aβ deposition and the ensuing cognitive deficiencies. In order to maintain synaptic activity, ascorbic acid can change the metabolism of the brain. Thus, based on the fragmented evidence, it may be inferred that redox balance caused by ascorbic acid may serve as a possible target for modulating neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and cognitive deficits
Effect Of Mulberry Leaves Supplemented Maize Extract On The Growth Performance Of Silkworm (Bombyx Mori L)
Full text linkSince the couple of decades the demand for silk has been increasing day by day but the average silk production is not enough to meet its demand. In this study, we investigated the effect of with Maize extract in different concentration (0.5%,1.0 %,1.5 %,2.0%, 2.5 %)on the growth 5th stage silkworm larvae on the biological and commercial traits of Bombyx mori L. The silkworm larvae at 5th instar stage were taken and fed with fresh and healthy mulberry leaves coated with Maize extract in different concentration. Results of the current study revealed that the higher growth parameters of 5th stage silkworm larvae, the cocoon weight, shell weight, and shell ratio were increased, and thus improved the quality of silk as compared to the control. The commercial traits of larvae fed with Maize extract in different concentration leaves also improved significantly. The larvae fed with Maize extract in different concentration treated mulberry leaves showed the maximum cocoon weight, cocoon length, cocoon width, cocoon shell ratio and fibroin content as compared to the control group. It is evident from the results that the fed with Maize extract coated mulberry leaves have a positive effect on the commercial and biological traits of Bombyx mori (L.)
Effect Of Folic Acid And Vitamin B12 On Nicotine Mediated Ovarian Dysfunction
Full text linkNicotine is an abundant and most significant component of cigarette smoke. Epidemiological evidence strongly suggests an association between cigarette smoking and misalignment of female reproductive function. In the present study we examined the impact and underlying mechanisms of action of folic acid and vitamin B12 on nicotine-induced damage in ovary of rats. Female Wistar rats were treated with nicotine (3 mg/kg body weight/d, intraperitonealy) with or without folic acid (36 µg/kg body weight/d, orally) and vitamin B12 (0.63 µg/kg body weight/d, orally) for 28 days. Serum estrogen and oxidative stress parameters were measured. Folic acid and vitamin B12 blunted the nicotine-induced impairment in serum estrogen level. Moreover, folic acid in combination with vitamin B12 also attenuated the nicotine-induced changes in markers of oxidative stress in the ovarian tissue of rats as demonstrated by reduced level of nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA), increased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) as well as elevated reduced glutathione (GSH) level. The present study shows that folic acid and vitamin B12 supplementation can reduce nicotine-induced impairment in serum estrogen level and ovarian function by modulating oxidative stress
Catalase Deficiency Worsens Toxic Effects Of Bisphenol A (BPA) On Ovarian Steroidogenesis
Full text linkAmong the various proposed etiological factors responsible for female infertility, environmental pollutants accounts for the majority of infertility cases around the world. Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of such pollutants to have strong association with variety of disorders of the female reproductive system. Several studies have linked BPA to redox homeostasis through imbalance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and depletion in various tissues and cell types including ovary. This crucial redox balance is maintained by antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Among these, catalase is one of such antioxidant enzymes which has highest turnover number of all such enzymes and thereby protecting the tissue from injury and damage to maintain homeostasis. But the specific effect of catalase in the BPA mediated effect on ovarian steroidogenesis is still pending. In this backdrop, the specific aim of this study was to investigate the possible outcome in the ovarian steroidogenesis in rats exposed to BPA in presence or absence of 3-Amino-1,2,4-triazole (ATZ) (catalase inhibitor). Female Wistar rats aged 8 weeks were administered BPA (25 mg/kg BW/day for 9 days, intraperitonially) with or without the pretreatment of the catalase- specific inhibitor 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (ATZ; 1 g/kg BW/day for 5 days, intraperitoneally). Serum level of LH, FSH, estrogen and testosterone were measured using ELISA kits. Results revealed that BPA alters the ovarian steroidogenesis as evidenced by altered level of gonadotropins and sex steroids. Catalase deficiency further worsens these BPA induced effect on ovary. In conclusion, catalase deficiency mounted additional adverse condition on BPA toxic effects on the activity of theca-interstitial cells and ovarian steroidogenesis and targeting of catalase may be of therapeutic importance in the adverse effect of BPA on ovary
In-Silico Analysis And Antidiabetic Effect Of Α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Of Active Compounds Of Pterocarpus Marsupium
Full text linkThe identification of anti-diabetic natural compounds is a thriving field of opportunity in the drug discovery sector. P. marsupium has traditionally been used to treat diabetes and contains important phytochemicals. We investigated the TPC, TFC, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of methanolic extract of P.marsupium. Total amount of phenols, flavonoids in methanolic extract of leave, stem, bark of P.marsupium were found to be 6.25, 12.613, 10.863 µg/ml respectively. The flavonoid content was found in P.marsupium leave (5.043), stem (19.246) and bark (13.782) µg/ml. In DPPH scavenging activity of plants parts found of P.marsupium, IC50 values were found to be leaves (96.146 µg/ml.), stem (21.705.µg/ml) and bark (27.177 µg/ml). Alpha-glucosidase of P.marsupium plants IC50 values were found to be leave (107.77µg/ml), stem (23.64µg/ml) and bark (60.123µg/ml ). In-silico studies were investigated to determine the binding affinity of phytoconstituents of P. marsupium in additional with the crystal structure of alpha-glucosidase (PDB ID: 5ZCD). Thirty one active constituents derived from P.marsupium, and standard (maltotriose) docked with target proteins. Result of molecular docking showed that the pterosupin, (-11.0 kcal/mol) had best docked against alpha-glucosidase as related to native ligand maltoriose (-10.04kcal/mol). This study provides valuable insights into the therapeutic potential of P.marsupium plant compounds for managing diabetes and warrants further research and clinical investigation for practical applications in diabetes treatment and prevention
Review On Balance Beam Models
Full text linkBalance beam apparatus are easy to assemble structures that require minimal tools. Test parameters usually include beam path time and leg displacement. Task performance allows assessment of balance-related motor skills, provides a functional indicator of differences in motor performance between young and old animals, and examines the therapeutic effects of age, disease, locomotion, coordination, and balance between groups, and comparison becomes possible. Balance tests are used to assess fine motor coordination and balance in rodents, especially motor skills (brain injury, genetic manipulation, and/or drug therapy). It helps scientists understand basic biological studies. It also shows why some diseases disrupt balance and coordination. Using the balance beam test is very practical and significance. This test is used to assess balance, anxiety, and stroke patterns, Parkinson\u27s disease, Huntington\u27s disease, multiple sclerosis. Researchers use these tests not only to diagnose diseases and injuries, but also for possible treatments. If the treatment works, the number of walks should decrease and the survival time of the mice should increase. In this review we focus on balance beam model apparatus, procedure and its pharmacological applications
Recent Advancement Of Algal Biofuel Production And Its Potential Uses
Full text linkThe utilization of diverse energy sources is linked to the growth of industry, agriculture, and transportation. After the third generation of biodiesel production began, it was anticipated that algae would emerge as the most advantageous source because it not only can accumulate large amounts of lipids but also has the potential to reduce the amount of agricultural land required for the production of biofuels and enhance air quality by capturing carbon dioxide. In contrast to the price of making biodiesel from crops, the cost of algal biomass cultivation and processing poses a significant issue. The first step is to use genetic engineering to boost the lipid content of algal cells. The promotion of enhanced lipid accumulation by stressing algae is related to the second way. The third direction entails looking for new, promising strains of algae that will differ from the currently recognized strains in their ability to collect biomass more quickly, have greater Triacylglycerols [TAG] concentrations, and accumulate saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in the right ratios. By defining the evolutionary relationships within the main taxonomic groups of algae, a new technique in the search for biotechnologically relevant strains of algae has recently been developed. These investigations have resulted in a significant cost decrease for the manufacture of biofuel based on algae biomass. All of this research aimed at improving algae biofuel production and exploring additional biofuel sources is crucial
Survey On The Evolution Of Severity Of Diabetic Patients Among Different Age Groups And Sexes In Central Kolkata
Full text linkDiabetes is a condition that requires persistent medical attention and self-care. Diabetes mellitus is one of the most widely prevalent diseases all around the world. Through a survey, the epidemic nature of diabetes mellitus in sexes and age groups is reviewed. Numerous research teams in the biomedical field have given the molecular genetics of diabetes a great deal of attention lately. The review projects the prevalence or evolution of diabetes mellitus and its causes in various characteristics. Type 2 diabetes has the highest prevalence in people over 45 years of age. Diabetes is also significantly triggered by several other conditions, including heart disease, obesity, genetics, inactivity, and others. Despite the considerable data collection and survey analysis, a more in-depth study is still required in this area to ultimately enhance diagnoses, therapy, and reduce the likelihood of the emergence of chronic problems. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is at an alarming epidemic level. Using approved blood glucose monitoring criteria for each form of diabetes, except for gestational diabetes, early detection of diabetes and prediabetes is crucial. Diabetes screening is crucial, especially in developing nations, to prevent delayed diagnosis. The interactions between genes and the environment play a huge role in the occurrence of diabetes. Understanding its mechanisms will make it easier to incorporate genomic data into the development of individualized patient treatment and improve clinical and dietary choices