Journal Of Advanced Zoology
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Bio-Spectrum of Flower Visiting Insects and Their Role in Pollination Service of An Indigenous Himalayan Shrub (Deutzia Staminea R.Br. Ex Wall.)
Get PDFDeutzia staminea is a deciduous or rarely evergreen shrub, indigenous to Himalayas. It is widely known for its ornamental role. The present study aiming to investigate Bio-spectrum of flower visiting insects and their role in pollination service of Deutzia staminea during blooming season in Kumaun Himalayas, Uttarakhand. A total of 324 individuals, belonging to 25 species under seven families from three orders were recorded visiting the selected plant species. On the basis of total number of individuals, Lepidoptera was the dominant order followed by Hymenoptera and Diptera. In terms of number of species Nymphalidae was the most dominant family whereas, Riodinidae, Vespidae, Syrphidae were the least dominant families. Apis mellifera was recorded as most abundant species whereas, Calliphora vicina was found to be the least abundant species during the study period
Occurrence of Scale Deformities in Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton, 1822)
Get PDFThis study reports scale deformities in Cirrhinus mrigala, an economically significant Indian Major Carps, freshwater cyprinid in India. Specimens (160-257 mm standard length) with integumentary lesions and associated scale anomalies were obtained from a fish market in Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu. The scale deformities manifested as morphometric irregularities (shape and orientation) with disoriented scales exhibiting increased surface roughness. Notably, the lesions were encircled by these deformed scales
Morphological and Molecular Identification of Aedes Aegypti through Genetic Marker Mitochondrial Encoded Cytochrome C oxidase I (MT-COI) Gene in Pakistan
Get PDFAedes aegypti are slender, fragile, long-legged mosquito, which are distributed worldwide. In general, it is a terrestrial and nocturnal species that act as pollinator for few plant species as well as it is a hematophagous insect and act as main vector for many arboviruses (dengue, yellow fever, etc.). In many cities of Pakistan, dengue fever is becoming more prevalent as an infectious disease. as there is currently no vaccine for the dengue virus and control of the disease depends on vector control. The present study aims to investigate morphological and molecular identification of Aedes aegypti in district Buner. A total of 365 samples of mosquitoes were randomly collected from six tehsils of the district Buner. Before examination, all the collected samples were preserved in labelled Eppendorf tubes containing silica gel and transported to Veterinary Research & Disease Investigation Center (VR&DIC), Balogram Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan for further laboratory analysis. Morphological identification was performed with the help of stereomicroscope using taxonomical keys. To increase identification accuracy, each sample was reconfirmed by PCR using mitochondrial Cytochrome oxidase first gene (COI). The amplified PCR product was sequenced, and the obtained sequences were trimmed by Bio Edit and BLAST in NCBI. After BLAST, phylogenetic tree was constructed by using MEGA-X. In phylogenetic tree, the sequence (COI) genes of Aedes aegypti species as previously reported from Sri Lanka and India. Furthermore, the results of this study will generate basic information about mosquitos spp; and it will help to understand the epidemiology of Aedes aegypti disease in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, especially in district Buner, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Megaselia Scalaris (Loew) (Diptera: Phoridae) - A New Pupal Parasitoid Of The Invasive Banana skipper Erionota Torus Evans From India Confirmed By COI Gene Barcoding
Get PDFSince its invasion of Kerala in 2014, the banana leaf roller Erionota torus Evans (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) has become a severe threat to banana farming. The present study reports Megaselia scalaris (Loew) (Diptera: Phoridae), a prominent detritivorous species, as a parasitoid attacking the pupa of Banana leaf roller Erionota torus Evans. The parasitoid was recorded for the first time in India from a field population of banana leaf roller pupa collected from Pariyaram located at 12.0753N,75.3049E, Kannur district of Kerala, during August, 2019. By using both classical and molecular methods, we were able to confirm the species. The present findings indicate that M. scalaris might be added to the list of parasitoid species known to exist for E. torus pupa, and further studies should be carried out to assess the feasibility of this phorid fly as an effective biocontrol agent
Application Of Wasps’ Defensins As Anti-Fungal Therapeutic Molecules: An In Silico Comparative Study
Get PDFAnimal peptide toxins as part of chemical arsenal for predation and/or protection that can safeguard host from pathogenic infections. Hymenopterans generate toxic bactericidal or bacteriostatic molecules, called defensins are small multifunctional, linear, polycationic peptides causing pain, have antimicrobial effects. Defensins are active against gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria and fungi. The present in silico study aims to predict the physicochemical attributes like molecular weight, theoretical pI, amino acid composition, extinction co-efficient, estimated half-life, instability index, aliphatic index and grand average of hydropathy (gravy) of 09 different wasps’ defensins using Expasy Protparam tool. The secondary structures of the toxins were predicted using psi-Blast-based PSIPRED, SOPMA tools revealing % α helix, extended β strand, random coil and ambiguous state reflecting a comparative physico-chemical parameters of these defensins. 3D Homology modelling of these toxins was accomplished through Swiss-model webserver and validated through ProSA-web, QMean4 determining Z score,PROCHEK establishing the 3D models of these defensins. Use of InterPro, CDD, ToxDL, PrDOS software predicted protein family, conserved domain, protein toxicity, protein disorder respectively. CYSCON and CYSPRED tools predicted cysteine-cysteine bonds. Docking of the nine (09) wasps’ defensins individually with fungal cellwall component 1,4 Beta-D-Glucan was done by DockThor webserver resulting negative affinity scores refleting strong binding between the defensins and 1,4 beta-D-Glucan indicating that the mentioned wasps’ defensin molecules might be used as potential antifungal therapeutic molecules binding to 1, 4 Beta-D-Glucan indicating an avenue to antifungal drug discovery
A Study Of Legal Aid In Current Scenario
Get PDFLegal aid plays a pivotal role in ensuring access to justice, particularly for economically disadvantaged individuals. In India, the right to free legal aid is enshrined in Article 39A of the Constitution and institutionalized through the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987. However, despite these legislative frameworks, India\u27s legal aid system faces numerous challenges. This paper examines the shortcomings of legal aid, drawing on statistical data, expert observations, and relevant case law, the study underscores the urgent need for reforms to enhance the effectiveness of legal aid services. The research aims to identify systemic barriers and propose recommendations for improving access to legal aid in India.
The primary objective of this research is to analyze the effectiveness of India\u27s legal aid system and identify key shortcomings that hinder access to justice for marginalized communities. The study seeks to explore the gaps between the legal framework and its implementation
Molecular And Genetic Mechanisms Of Cardiovascular Pathology In Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Get PDFAnnotation. Rheumatoid arthritis is a disease where hereditary predisposition is associated with the activation of innate immunity, the HLA system, cytokine networks and others. The formation of substances in the body that have pro- and anti-inflammatory effects can be influenced by single nucleotide polymorphisms of a variety of genes, being one of the most frequent causes of changes in their sequence. Given the fact that the inflammatory process plays a significant role in the development of RA and atherosclerosis, also single-nucleotide polymorphisms may be involved in the development and progression of these diseases, which should be taken into account when identifying groups of high cardiovascular risk. Purpose: Based on the analysis of molecular genetic features, to identify structural and functional changes in the cardiovascular system, as well as to optimize early diagnosis of cardiovascular pathology in RA patients. Materials and methods. 100 patients of the main group and 30 individuals of the control group were examined for VEGF gene C936T and MMP 9 gene C1562T. Among them, there were 80 females (80%) and 20 males (20%). The median age was 48 years [41; 54] and the disease duration was 5 years [3; 8]. The control group included 30 practically healthy individuals comparable in age to the sample of RA patients. There were 21 (70%) women and 9 (30%) men. The mean age of women was 42.67±7.64 years. Results. The allele frequency of VEGF C936T (rs3025039) gene differs in different population groups, therefore it is considered necessary to conduct area-based studies. Heterozygosity in Caucasoid and Mongoloid populations varies from 12.5% to 42% worldwide; in a genotype study of the Uzbek population in Samarkand region, heterozygosity was 63%. The high degree of heterozygosity for this polymorphism makes it the most promising for further analysis of associations with the development of multifactorial diseases. Conclusions. The molecular genetic markers, allele T and genotype TT of VEGF 936 (rs3025039) and MMP9 1562 (rs3918242) genes detected in RA patients are associated with increased cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis.  
Condition Of Hemostasis System At Exposure Of The Thermal Agent During Burn Disease
Get PDFThe evaluation of informative significance of homeostasis disturbance by degree of severity was carried out, and then the development of prognostic algorithms and verification of their effectiveness. It should be noted that all patients had deep burns from 10% to 45% of the body surface. Exactly these victims made up the basic array with the help of which the tasks on estimation of information significance and development of prognostic algorithm were solved. Adequate preoperative measures allowed to improve both the indices of the circulatory system and the clotting system in patients with mild and medium degree of plasmoporia
A REVIEW OF MILLETS DIET AS A TRADITIONAL APPROACH TO PCOS (GARPAVAAYU) MANAGEMENT
Get PDFA common hormonal condition that affects women during their reproductive years is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The clinical features quoated for Garpavaayu more or less correlates with the symptoms of (PCOS) Polycystic ovary syndrome. Garpavaayu comes under the diseases of Vaatham. The human body contains three humours. In this Increased vatham obstructs Abanan and develops problem in regular menstrual cycle. The significance of taste is more focused on health and wellbeing in Siddha tradition. Taste influences how we perceive food and functions as a therapeutic tool. It is crucial in determining how different foods affect the balance of our bodies. According to Siddha science, there are five fundamental elements that make up everything in the universe. "Food itself is medicine and medicine itself is food," is the fundamental tenet of Siddha science. These fundamental components are also found in the six tastes of food materials. The taste of Inippu (sweet) can be taken to reduce vaatham. Therefore, the qualities opponent to the qualities of vaatham can be adviced. Millets can play a beneficial role in the management of PCOS (Garpavaayu). As per, Siddha literatures the taste of Inippu (sweet) millets Like Sorghum (Solam), Pearl millet (Kambu), Kodo millet (Varagu), Finger millet (Kelvaragu), Wheat (Gothumai), Little millet (Saamai) can be taken if vaatham is reduced. In this article, we\u27ll discuss how PCOS-affected women can emphasize a healthy diet by including traditional millets in their daily diet plans
Nanomedicine for the Treatment of Lungs Cancer Its Challenges and Future Perspective-A Review
Get PDFA major public health concern with a global reach,lungs cancer necessitates cutting-edge techniques to treatment. Nanomedicine is a new technology that is currently being used to treat and diagnose lung cancer. This review examines the difficulties in using nano medicine to treat lung cancer and shows the promising directions for this rapidly developing field of study. The issues raised in this review cover a wide range of topics, such as medication delivery, targeted precision, toxicity, and legal obstacles. Approaches based on nanomedicine have the potential to get through these barriers thanks to improvements in drug delivery to lung cancer cell, a decrease in side effects, and increased therapeutic effectiveness. Additionally, this study explores the potential applications of nanomedicine for the treatment of lung cancer, highlighting the significance of cutting-edge technology including personalized medicine techniques,theranostic nanosystems, and targeted nanoparticles. These developments carry the possibility of individualized treatment plans, improved therapeutic results, and reduced side effects.
Nanomedicine offers a multifaceted approach to address the challenges of lung cancer treatment, bringing new hope to patients and clinicians alike. By overcoming existing limitations and harnessing the potential of emerging technologies, nano medicine is poised to play a pivotal role in the future of lung cancer therapy. This review serves as a comprehensive overview of the field, shedding light on the path forward in the fight against lung cancer