Journal Of Advanced Zoology
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Therapeutic effect of Azadirachta indica (L.) flowers ethanolic extract (AIEE) against DMBA induced Breast cancer in Swiss Albino mice
Get PDFMost often, aberrant cell proliferation and subsequent tumour formation are the causes of cancer development. Globally, millions of people are estimated to die from various types of cancer. Among various types of cancer, breast cancer is the most prevalent type in women throughout the world. It continues to have a high death rate even with different treatment approaches. Because of the complex natural etiology of breast cancer, its treatment is much challenging. Owing to substantial treatment hurdles, natural chemicals are being investigated as possible substitutes. The plant Azadirachta indica (L.); is extensively recognised since ancient times for various therapeutic uses in Ayurveda, Unani, and homeopathic medicine system. Scientifically, the phytoremedial compounds and anticancer properties of this plant have been widely studied in term of its preventive, protective, tumour-suppressive, immunomodulatory, and apoptotic actions against different cancers and their molecular processes. The present study focuses on therapeutic effect of Azadirachta indica (L.) flowers ethanolic extract (AIEE) against DMBA induced breast cancer in Swiss albino mice. Eighteen female mice weighing 30 ± 5 g were divided into two groups. Group-I: control (n=6) and Group-II: (n=12); were orally induced by DMBA (3 mg/ml dissolved in olive oil) at an interval of fourteen days until breast tumours (about 2.0 cm) were developed. Then after, Group-II was further divided into two sub-groups. Sub-Group-I; (n=6) as DMBA-Treated were sacrificed at same time and sub-group-II (n=6) were orally administered with AIEE (100mg/Kg body weight) for 5 weeks, and the last tumour volume were measured. The study results that, the mammary tumour volume significantly (p<0.05) reduced. Moreover, there was significant alteration (p<0.0001) observed at the level of hepatic and renal biomarkers. Conclusively, entire study depicts that AIEE administration possesses anti-proliferative activity by suppressing progression of breast tumour in mice model. AIEE administration also possesses significant (p<0.0001) improvement in the hepato-renal parameters. Therefore, Azadirachta indica flowers can be targeted as a novel and safe anti-cancer drug against breast cancer
Prevalence Of Shoulder Pain And Disability Among Diabetis Mellitus: -A Cross Sectional Study
Get PDFHyperglycaemia, the hallmark of diabetes mellitus, causes severe end-organ damage, including musculoskeletal problems. It affects 11% to 30% of diabetics, due to abnormalities in collagen it results in stiff joints. It has a substantial impact on quality of life and necessitates comprehensive care. The objective of this study was to find out how common shoulder pain and disability are in people with diabetes mellitus. A cross-sectional study with 125 diabetic patients older than 18 was carried out at Santosh Hospital in Ghaziabad. Based on the inclusion criteria, participants were chosen and data on musculoskeletal problems were gathered using SPADI. Hand trauma, diseases of central or peripheral nervous systems, end-stage renal disease, chronic rheumatoid arthritis, and thyroid disorders are the exclusion criteria.
The study discovered a strong correlation between diabetic patients\u27 pain and disability. The relationship was validated by a chi-square test (χ2 = 146.112, p < 0.001), which showed a significant difference in the mean scores for pain and disability. The study also showed that pain and SPADI scores varied by gender, the older diabetic patients report more severe musculoskeletal symptoms. Gender had no bearing on disability scores; however, affected side-specific differences were noted in pain, disability, and SPADI scores.
These findings demonstrate how crucial it is to create interventions that are specific to the patient\u27s gender, age, and side of the affected area in order to improve the prognosis of shoulder pain and disability in individuals with diabetes. Adequate management techniques are necessary to effectively handle these musculoskeletal issues
Formulation Development Of Nanoparticulate Formulation In Ophthalmic Drug Delivery System
Get PDFThe major challenge faced by today’s pharmacologist and formulation scientist is ocular drug delivery. Topical eye drop is the most convenient and patient compliant route of drug administration, especially for the treatment of anterior segment diseases. Delivery of drugs to the targeted ocular tissues is restricted by various precorneal, dynamic and static ocular barriers. Also, therapeutic drug levels are not maintained for longer duration in target tissues. So, the present work on ocular drug delivery research make advanced towards developing a novel, safe and patient compliant formulation and drug delivery devices/techniques, which may surpass these barriers and maintain drug levels in tissues. Anterior segment drug delivery advances are witnessed by modulation of conventional topical solutions with permeation and viscosity enhancers. Also, it includes development of nano formulations have also been introduced for anterior segment ocular drug delivery. these novel devices and/or formulations are easy to formulate, no/negligibly irritating, possess high precorneal residence time, sustain the drug release, and enhance ocular bioavailability of therapeutics. An update of current research advancement in ocular drug delivery necessitates and helps drug delivery scientists to modulate their process and develop novel and safe drug delivery strategies followed by current nanotechnology-based formulation developments and also, recent developments with other ocular drug delivery strategies employing in situ formulation.
 
Effect of Semi-Structured Sensory Program in Premature Infants: Experimental Study
Get PDFThe aim of the study is to find out the efficacy of developed semi structured sensory enrichment intervention over premature infants an early first year of life for the sensory development and to evaluate the difference between semi structured sensory enrichment intervention and conventional occupational therapy intervention on premature Indian infants. This study was carried out as a quasi-experimental study where the participants were divided into an experimental group (n=23) who were subjected to the intervention program and the second control group (n=23) were subjected to conventional occupational therapy which was conducted for a period of 3 months and the outcomes were measured using Infant/Toddler Sensory Profile (ITSP).The results obtained indicate that there are significant differences from the baseline and post-intervention for all categories indicating notable enhancements in sensory processing abilities after the intervention in the experimental group. These findings suggest that while both the Experimental and Control groups exhibited significant improvements in sensory processing abilities post-intervention, there were no significant differences in sensory profile outcomes between the two groups. The findings of this study contribute valuable insights into the efficacy of interventions targeting sensory processing in toddlers. The results underscore the importance of early intervention programs in promoting healthy sensory development in young childre
Prevalence of Leishmaniasis in Patients Visiting Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar
Get PDFAbstract
Introduction Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. This genus comprises 32 unicellular species infecting various vertebrate hosts, transmitted via sand-fly bites from Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia. Leishmaniasis affects the skin, mucous membranes, and internal organs, manifesting as cutaneous, mucocutaneous, or visceral leishmaniasis. Approximately 350 million people across 98 countries are at risk, with an annual global prevalence of 0.2-0.4 million cases of visceral leishmaniasis and 0.7-1.2 million cases of cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. In Pakistan, both anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) and zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) are reported, with significant cases in urban centers and rural areas.
Methodology This study aimed to obtain baseline data for leishmaniasis in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan, conducted at Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar. Data from 684 patients (475 males and 208 females) over one year were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. The chi-square test was applied to assess the association between infection rates and demographic variables.
Result Results indicated the highest infection rate (46.7%) in the age group 1-15 years, followed by 16-30 years (19.8%), 31-45 years (9.4%), 46-60 years (6.1%), and above 60 years (3.3%). Gender-wise, males had a higher prevalence rate (69.3%) compared to females (30.7%). Positive cases were more prevalent in males (83.9%) than females (84.8%), although the association between infection and gender was statistically non-significant (p = 0.784).
Discussion The discussion highlighted that younger individuals have a higher infection rate due to a less developed immune system. Cultural practices in the region, such as males sleeping outside without adequate protection, contribute to higher infection rates in males. Diagnostic techniques for cutaneous leishmaniasis include slit skin smears and skin biopsies, with slit skin smears offering a more convenient yet less accurate alternative. The findings are consistent with previous studies, emphasizing the need for confirmatory skin biopsies in cases of negative slit skin smears but with high clinical suspicion
“To See The Effect Of Dry Needling & Manual Stretching In Patients With Piriformis Muscle Syndrome”
Get PDFBackground: Piriformis Muscle Syndrome (PMS) is a neuromuscular condition that can cause significant pain and functional impairment. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of dry needling and manual stretching in managing PMS, focusing on pain intensity, functional disability, range of motion (ROM), and patient satisfaction.
Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 60 participants diagnosed with PMS. Participants were randomly assigned to either the dry needling group (Group A) or the manual stretching group (Group B). Interventions were administered over six weeks, with follow-up assessments conducted ten weeks from baseline. Outcome measures included pain intensity (Visual Analog Scale - VAS), functional disability (Oswestry Disability Index - ODI), hip internal rotation ROM, and patient satisfaction (Likert scale).
Results: Both interventions significantly improved all measured outcomes. Group A (Dry Needling) showed a greater reduction in VAS scores from 7.4 at baseline to 3.2 post- intervention and 2.9 at follow-up, compared to Group B (Manual Stretching), which showed a reduction from 7.3 to 4.5 and 3.9, respectively. Group A\u27s ODI scores improved from 56.2% at baseline to 24.5% post-intervention and 22.1% at follow-up, while Group B\u27s scores improved from 55.8% to 30.2% and 28.7%, respectively. ROM in Group A increased from 25.3 degrees to 38.2 degrees post-intervention and 36.9 degrees at follow-up, compared to an increase from 25.1 degrees to 34.7 degrees and 33.2 degrees in Group B. Patient satisfaction was higher in Group A, with scores of 4.7 post-intervention and 4.6 at follow-up, compared to 4.2 and 4.1 in Group B.
Conclusion: Dry needling is a highly effective intervention for managing PMS, providing superior outcomes in pain relief, functional improvement, ROM enhancement, and patient satisfaction compared to manual stretching. These findings suggest that dry needling should be considered a primary treatment modality for PMS. Further research is recommended to confirm these results and explore the long-term effects and broader impacts of these interventions
A Comparative Study To Evaluate The Safety Of Stretching Along With Ultrasonic Versus Releasing Manual Pressure From Myofascial Trigger Points With Cold Therapy For Acute Achilles Tendinitis In Young Athletes
Get PDFBackground And Objective: Since athletes must utilize precise footwork skills during competition, Achilles tendinitis is a prevalent issue among them. The Achilles tendon is significant in outdoor sports because of its dual interaction with the two primary plantar flexors, the Gastrocnemius as well as the Soleus muscles.This syndrome is particularly common in runners who have abruptly increased their run length or intensity, as well as in athletes who play sports like basketball, tennis, soccer, etc. It also produces a great deal of physical as well as mental stress.
Methods: Using a convenient sampling method, samples that met the inclusion criteria for theresearch subjects were randomized to fit into one of two groups : experimental therapy (Releasing manual pressure from myofascial trigger points with cold therapy) or conventional therapy (ultra therapy with stretching) for a comparative analysis that included 100 subjects aged 18 to 23.
Results: The current study\u27s findings demonstrate that, among patients with Achilles tendinitis, there is a substantial change in pain as well as foot function after Releasing manual pressure from myofascial trigger points therapy combined with cold therapy as well as ultrasonic therapy combined with stretching.
Conclusion: This study\u27s findings indicate that manual pressure release therapy using myofascial trigger points in conjunction with cold therapy and ultrasonic therapy paired with stretching considerably reduces pain and improves foot function in people with Achilles tendonitis
Study Of Diversity And Status Of Endemic Ornamental Fish Of Shivnath River Mohla- Manpur-Ambagarh Chowki District Of Chhattisgarh (India)
Get PDFThe Shivnath River in Mohla-Manpur-Ambagarh Chaowki District of Chhattisgarh, hosts a diverse array of indigenous ornamental fish species, although it remaining largely unexplored. The main aim of this investigation is to comprehensively document and analyze the assortment of these freshwater fish species found within the river system. Extensive field surveys were conducted from June 2023 to May 2024 in various habitats along the river from its source to the Mongra Dam, utilizing standardized sampling methods. Specimens were collected, classified, and their morphological characteristics documented. Additionally, aspects such as habitat preferences and feeding behavior were assessed to understand the ecological factors influencing fish distribution. Findings indicate the presence of 46 species from 15 families across 9 orders, comprising a diverse array of native ornamental fish species, underscoring the ecological significance of the Shivnath River and highlighting the need for conservation efforts. This study offers essential insights for the preservation and administration of freshwater ecosystems in the region, underscoring the importance of protecting native species and their habitats amidst escalating anthropogenic pressures. Upon close examination of these colorful fish, the observed availability and declining diversity of these species in the area appear justified, necessitating timely conservation measures. The imminent extinction of certain fish species is a concerning issue that could disrupt the ecological balance and pose significant challenges for us
Aspirin Therapy In Neurological Disorder Such As Migraine And Alzhemeirs Disease
Get PDFAspirin, a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication, has a long history of therapeutic applications in pain relief, fever reduction, and inflammation management. Recent research has expanded its potential utility in treating neurological conditions such as migraines and Alzheimer\u27s disease. For migraine management, aspirin\u27s mechanism of action involves the suppressing the production of prostaglandins, a key factor in migraine-related inflammation and pain. Clinical trials have demonstrated its effectiveness in reducing the intensity and frequency of migraine attacks. Aspirin, especially when combined with metoclopramide, has proven to be a valuable treatment option for acute migraine episodes. In the case of Alzheimer\u27s disease, which exhibits neurodegeneration, aspirin\u27s anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties have generated interest in its potential as a preventive and therapeutic agent. While epidemiological studies and biological processes have suggested aspirin\u27s potential benefits, randomized studies have raised concerns about the risks of bleeding, outweighing the potential advantages. This review article examines the latest research on aspirin\u27s role in managing and preventing migraines and Alzheimer\u27s disease. It also discusses the clinical research regarding aspirin\u27s effectiveness, safety profile, and possible side effects in these neurological conditions. Finally, the article explores the directions for future research involving aspirin in relation to migraines and Alzheimer\u27s disease
Listing Of Brand Management Process Parameters In Multinational Companies And Indian Origin Companies In The Biopharmaceutical & Pharmaceutical Industry
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conceptualizes, designs, manages trademarked brands or portfolio of brands. The biopharmaceutical companies in India internalizes the brand management processes diligently, but certain differences arise in terms of the actual processes/systems. The following paper identifies the parameters for brand management of both the Indian as well as the MNCs with respect to the parameters that are evaluated for implementation of the brand management processes. 7.(Dogramatzis, 2002b)