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Experimentally Guided Neural Network and Statistical Forecasting of Membrane Water/Salt Selectivity with Minimal Mean Errors
Full text linkMembrane life and performance are crucial factors in adopting membrane-based processes for water treatment and separations. This study investigated various time series models using hold-out validation of experimentally generated water vapor flux and salt rejection rates. Membrane properties were optimized by incorporating carbon-based nanomaterials to enhance anti-wetting and porosity, developing correlations between membrane characteristics and high fluxes. Fine-tuned Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), Prophet, Exponential Smoothing, and Neural Prophet models were trained on an experimental dataset (N=434) collected over 36 hours to forecast performance for 72 hours. Results demonstrate the superiority of the Exponential Smoothing statistical model in predicting and forecasting membrane performance, yielding the lowest root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.006 and mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.007. This outperformance is attributed to its non-linear data fitting approach, which employs weighted averages to mitigate non-stationary behavior in time series data, a characteristic often observed in membrane performance over time. While other models showed promise, they did not match the accuracy of Exponential Smoothing in this context. The proposed modeling approach offers a more efficient alternative to traditional experimental studies, potentially leading to significant cost and time savings in the research and development phase of membrane distillation processes. This method's applicability to various membrane types and operational conditions warrants further investigation
On-farm Pre-extension Demonstration of Newly Released Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) Technology with Proper Agronomic Practices in Gamo and Konso Zones of Southern Ethiopia
Full text linkPigeon pea is widely cultivated by Ethiopian farmers, but its production remains low despite suitable conditions. This is partly due to inadequate demonstration of new pigeon pea varieties with proper agronomic practices. To address this, Arba Minch Agricultural Research Center released a new variety, Ashenafi, which showed promise in adaptation trials. However, its farmer preference and socio-economic benefits were not assessed. Therefore, a pre-extension demonstration of Ashenafi and a local check was conducted in 2024 at Karat Zuria and Boreda districts to improve pigeon pea production. The demonstration covered 20 farmers’ fields and 2 Farmers Training Centers, with 10m x 50m plots for each variety, using a spacing of 1.2m between rows and 0.5m between plants, a seed rate of 3 kg/ha, and a fertilizer rate of 100 kg/ha NPS. Grain yield data and farmer preferences were collected and analyzed. Ashenafi yielded 1,860 kg/ha compared to the local variety's 1,065 kg/ha at Karat Zuria, and 1,785 kg/ha compared to 890 kg/ha at Boreda. Results at the Farmers Training Center were similar. The significant yield gap of 787 kg/ha suggests a need to encourage adoption of the new variety. Ashenafi proved more profitable and was preferred by farmers for its earliness, quick branch emergence, seed size, grain yield, and pod number. Thus, Ashenafi is recommended for wider production with proper agronomic practices
Role of Underground Carbon Storage to Assist Reaching Net Zero by 2050: Perspectives on Petroleum Reservoirs
Full text linkThis article focuses on the critical role of sedimentary basins in underground carbon storage. Focusing on both depleted petroleum reservoirs, as well as sedimentary reservoirs in the field’s petroleum stratigraphy (associated sedimentary reservoirs), it highlights the importance of complete CO2 storage in saline aquifers associated with petroleum reservoirs.
This paper provides a novel approach to the understanding of underground carbon sequestration (UCS) by combining the examination of target reservoirs and regulation of activities in these reservoirs. By combining this consideration of physical characteristics with legal issues arising from the regulation of UCS, and their application to emerging Australian UCS projects, this novel evaluation of the progress in UCS provides a unique insight into Australian existing and planned UCS Projects.
The findings of the research indicate that depleted petroleum reservoirs are more suited to enhanced oil recovery techniques, while associated sandstone reservoirs (saline aquifers) of the same formation are more suited to UCS. The suitability of a reservoir should be considered in the regulation of UCS activities. The example of Australia presented in this paper demonstrates the difficulties in such regulation
Performance of the Petroleum Reservoir Under Waterflooding at the Petrochad Field in Mangara-Chad
Full text linkThe Mangara petroleum field is made up of three superimposed reservoirs (C, D, E) with approximately 2500 m depth. These are unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs with an underlying active aquifer. The petrophysical properties of the reservoirs are relatively good as it’s a self-sourced unconventional reservoir based on its organic richness characteristics unconventional resource opportunity as tight carbonate reservoir. Tank pressure is approximately 2900 psi, for an average temperature of 180°F. Of the 50 wells initially drilled, 23 are currently producing. The pressure is support by 04 injector wells, and daily production is estimated at approximately 12,000 bbl/d. To maximize oil production and minimize water production, the positions of injection wells were moved, which permitted to reduce the number of producing wells from 23 to 18. The result revealed that this scheme can maintained the pressure at desired levels of 2900 psi, until year 2040 and reversed the current trend in water production, which was 14,000 bbl/d. In the predicted scenarios, cumulative production will be maintain at 25,000 bbl/d with a daily production of around 18,000bbl of oil compared to formerly figure of 7000 bbl of water until 2040
Application Research of an Automatic Control Seawater Reverse Osmosis (SWRO) System Based on the Siemens PLC
Full text linkTo solve the global environmental problem of a shortage of freshwater resources, seawater desalination is considered one of the most promising solutions. In this research, the main novelty of the seawater desalination system lies in its utilization of a reverse osmosis unit as the core process for producing drinking water. By optimizing the pretreatment section in the process flow, a seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) control system based on Siemens PLC with a high degree of automation was developed, which has the advantages of convenient maintenance and monitoring. In addition, through research on reverse osmosis systems, the results showed that within two years of operation, the total desalination rates of the primary and secondary reverse osmosis systems were not less than 99% and 97.5%, respectively. Furthermore, the water quality after desalination was tested. When the doses of CaCl2, MgCl2 and NaHCO3 were 20 mg/L, 15 mg/L, and 50 mg/L, respectively, high-quality drinking water was obtained. Finally, a reasonable process plan and corresponding estimates were given for the complex water source conditions. Compared with traditional seawater desalination systems, our system has the advantages of easy operation, efficient water production and lower price. Accordingly, this study will help to solve drinking-water problems in some freshwater-scarce regions
Determining Payback Period and Comparing Two Small-Scale Vertical Axis Wind Turbines Installed at the Top of Residential Buildings
Full text linkIn recent years, residential buildings have seen a notable increase in energy consumption. To address this, it is crucial for researchers to invest in renewable energy technologies, aiming to develop highly sustainable and nearly-zero energy buildings. Many countries are started to commit to this goal, seeking to phase out fossil fuels due to their harmful environmental effects. Wind energy stands out as a promising renewable resource, especially in areas with strong wind patterns. This study focuses on a case in Karaburun, Izmir province, Türkiye, where annual wind speeds range from 6 to 8 m/s and evaluates the performance of two types of small-scale Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWTs) in reducing energy consumption in a three-story residential building, along with associated costs. Utilizing advanced simulation tools like ANSYS Fluent and DesignBuilder Software, the study examines Ice-Wind VAWTs and Savonius VAWTs. The findings reveal that installing 15 Ice-Wind VAWTs on the building's roof can reduce energy consumption by approximately 22.5%, with each turbine costing about 2300 and a payback period of around 8.93 years. These results indicate that the Savonius turbine offers a faster return on investment compared to the Ice-Wind turbine under the specified conditions. Overall, this study highlights the significant benefits and cost implications of integrating renewable energy solutions like VAWTs into residential buildings
W2,p-Regularity of Lp Viscosity Solutions to Fully Nonlinear Elliptic Equations with Low-Order Terms
No full textIn this paper, we consider the following fully nonlinear elliptic equation
F(D2u, Du, x) = f(x),
where the operator F satisfies structure condition and the gradient of solution has Lploc growth rate particularly. We employ the technique from geometric tangential analysis whose basic principle is to transfer the good regularity of the recession operator to the original F by approximation methods and establish a prior local W2,p estimates for - Lp-viscosity solutions to the above equation.
Mathematics Subject classification (2010): 35B45; 35R05; 35B65.
Biobased Construction from Agricultural Crops: Paper 2 - Supply Chain Dynamics of European Case Studies
Full text linkEnergy security, economics and environmental factors are key drivers toward greater energy efficiency, decarbonisation and circularisation of the building sector.
Bio-based construction provides a potential low carbon and circular strategy toward these aims, as these materials can sequester carbon, are derived from renewable and nontoxic sources and can be re circulated in either technical or bio cycles.
This innovative research undertakes a state of play into select agri-crop biobased construction materials, products and systems across Europe focusing on their supply chain types and dynamics.
The research is based on a multi case study applying a range of mainly qualitative research methods, including desk-based review, semi structured interviews and supplemental field work facilitating a high-level analysis of this sector and its supply chain dynamics.
This novel research presents an overview of the sector and examination of supply chain dynamics in relation to key agricultural, process, manufacture and construction stages.
The findings show an emerging biobased construction sector utilising a range of agri-crops to produce various materials, products and modular systems within diverse and innovative supply chains, with common and distinct features and aspects identified including; crop types and utilisation, processing requirements and methods, transport, handling and storage, construction application, the centrality of certification and testing to access markets and growing interest in carbon profiling and benefits
Applying Multi-Objective Evolutionary Computation for Optimal Feng Shui Layout in Interior Design
Full text linkFeng Shui principles have a profound impact in Asia, studies have shown that consumers often consider Feng Shui when purchasing property to arrange interior layouts. Balancing design requirements and cultural beliefs in the design process requires significant communication and calculation efforts, However, aside from repeated communication among Feng Shui experts, homeowners, and designers, there is currently a lack of efficient methods to incorporate Feng Shui into design. Therefore, this study establishes a decision model to provide layout recommendations for purchase property, design, and for existing property renovation planning. By references Feng Shui Compass School principles to assess the Feng Shui quality of dwelling interiors and considers spatial layout and area distribution rules to evaluate the feasibility of the solution. Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm (MOEA) is then applied to optimize Feng Shui and design conditions in real-world case studies. The results show that the application can effectively optimize and balance Feng Shui and design conditions in a short period of time, also provides homeowners and designers with clear strategies during purchase, design, and renovation to meet the needs related to cultural beliefs
Techno-Economic Assessment and Sensitivity Analysis of Electricity Generation from Wind Energy in a Low-Wind-Speed Region of Egypt
Full text linkThis study conducts a detailed techno-economic evaluation and sensitivity analysis of wind energy generation in Egypt’s Fayoum Governorate, a region characterized by low wind speeds. It represents the first investigation of wind energy potential encompassing four key locations within the governorate: Qarun Lake, Rayan Valley, Kom Ushim, and Fayoum City. Statistical analysis of long-term wind data, based on the Weibull distribution, shows a consistent average wind speed of 6.02 m/s at a 50-meter hub height across all sites. Eight small- to medium-scale wind turbines were assessed for their annual energy output, capacity factor, and Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) using the System Advisor Model (SAM). Among these, the Endurance E3120 50 kW turbine emerged as the most cost-effective, with the lowest LCOE of 4.85 ¢/kWh and the highest capacity factor. The sensitivity analysis identified capital cost as the dominant factor influencing LCOE, followed by the fixed charge rate. Overall, the findings confirm the technical and economic viability of small wind turbine deployment in low-wind-speed inland areas, encouraging broader adoption of decentralized renewable energy solutions in Egypt