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New Coefficient Inequalities for Certain Subclasses of Valent Analytic Functions
Get PDFThe object of the present paper is to derive new coefficient inequalities for certain subclasses of p - valent analytic functions defined in the open unit disk U. Our results are generalized of the previous theorems given by J. Clunie and F.R. Keogh [1], by H. Silverman [3] and by M. Nunokawa et al. [2]
Renewable Energy Resources and Their Importance in Rural Areas in Turkey
Get PDFTurkey is a net importer of energy and its imports continue to grow. As fossil fuel energy becomes scarcer, Turkey will likely face higher energy prices, energy disruptions, and greater energy insecurity within the next few decades unless important steps and measures towards alternative energy supplies, conservation, and proactive government policies are taken. Turkey has substantial renewable energy potential. Primary renewable energy resources in Turkey are hydro, biomass, wind, geothermal and solar. Turkey has several advantages to utilize renewable energy sources, but the potential benefits of renewable sources are not fully realized. Investments in renewable energy sources will not only reduce energy costs to rural consumers but they will also create new job opportunities for rural populations. Rural area households and industries in developing countries suffer greatly from energy scarcity. Energy, an essential need for every individual and for economic development, has always been lacking in rural areas of developing countries. The income of these rural populations depends largely on farming. Energy is needed primarily for pumping water for agriculture and domestic activities. Most of the energy needs in rural areas are met with traditional biomass for household cooking and heating, and human animal power for agriculture. Energy efficiency and production on the farm are important components for agriculture sustainability. This paper analyzes the potential of renewable energy sources and examines the negative effects of energy insufficiency in rural areas
Integrated Weed Management in Wheat under Subtropical Rain-Fed Conditions
Get PDFA field experiment was carried out from July, 2013 to May, 2014 at University Research Farm Chakwal Road, of Pir Mehr Ali Shah-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi to evaluate the integrated weed control management strategies followed by summer green manure practices on weeds and grain yield of wheat under rain-fed conditions. The experiment was laid out in a 2-factor factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in strip plot arrangement with three replications of each treatment. The sorghum and sesbania crops were sown in the first week of July, 2013 and incorporated into soil as green manure at the end of August, 2013 after attaining sufficient biomass. The wheat variety "Chakwal-50" was sown with a tractor drawn rabi drill in the last week of October, 2013 with a seeding rate of 125kg ha-1. The herbicides used were buctril super @ 750ml ha-1 and isoproturon @ 1.00kg a.i. ha-1. The weeds found in the wheat crop were Fumaria indica L., Convolvulus arvensis L., Chenonpodium album L., Asphodelus tenuifolius L. The incorporation of sorghum green manuring resulted in good control to suppress the weed population and biomass. The buctril super @ 750ml ha-1 along with tharphali significantly reduced the weed density (18.8 m-2), weed biomass (12.7g m-2) and increased weed control efficiency (71.1%) followed by isoproturon applied @ 1.00kg a.i. ha-1. The highest grains yield of 3208.5kg ha-1 was recorded in the plots where weeds were controlled with buctril super @ 750ml ha-1 followed by tharphali where sorghum green manure was incorporated in summer followed by the isoproturon application @ 1.00kg a.i. ha-1(3016.1kg ha-1) in combination with tharphali in the same green manuring crop
Morphometric Toolbox: A New Technique in Basin Morphometric Analysis Using ArcGIS
Get PDFMorphometric analysis of rivers basins is recognized prominently in hydrologic and geomorphic studies. Morphometric parameters give clear evidences for evolution of the basins, including the denudation, surface runoff and subsurface infiltration, as well as the impact of geological formations and structures on the basin evolution. Several causes control the accuracy of morphometric analysis, including the way of data collection, source of data, resolution of digital elevation model (DEM) and measurement technique. In spite of all the efforts in carrying out different morphometric measurement techniques, the morphometric analyses are still suffering from flaw in accuracy and time consumption to get the needed results. The main objectives of current study are the automation of morphometric analysis, increasing the space of ArcGIS in field of morphometric analysis, modifying and adopting some new morphometric parameters to improve the evaluating of basin development stage. To achieve these aims, a morphometric toolbox for ArcGIS v. 10.x has been developed using Python programming language, and it's efficiently is confirmed with many typical and field samples of basins before setting up the toolbox for end users. In current study the toolbox has evaluated by conducting morphometric analysis on several large basins including Dyala river basin; extended on area of 26627 square kilometres. The results show the importance of the new technique in calculation of morphometric parameters for large basins, as well as time saving, reducing the needed inputs and efforts, besides the flexibility of using different types of DEM data in the analysis
Electrochemical Degradation of Indigo Carmine Textile Dye Powered by Solar Photovoltaic Energy
Get PDFThe proposed photovoltaic electro oxidation process combines the autonomous and environmentally friendly photovoltaic solar energy with the capability of electro oxidation at boron doped diamond electrodes to effectively decolorize and degrade indigo carmine textile dye from wastewater. The photovoltaic array can be connected directly to the electrochemical reactor without batteries increasing, in this way, the system sustainability and eliminating the environmental threat of improper battery disposal. The system is made versatile according to the instantaneous solar irradiation by adjusting the wastewater flow rate to the current intensity supplied by the photovoltaic panel. All operating parameters affecting the efficiency of the proposed process, such as wastewater conductivity, pH, flow rate, current density, electro processing time and solar irradiance were studied and optimal conditions were investigated. The experimental results showed that by applying current densities of 1, 2.5 and 5 mA cm2 the initial dye concentration of 100 mg L-1 in the treated wastewater was quantitatively eliminated in 45, 20 and 10 minutes of electro processing respectively. The process is appropriate for treatment of colored industrial textile dye house effluents and especially for applications in remote and isolated locations without connection to public electric grid
Kinetic Study on the Oxidation of 2, 2, 4-Trimethylpentane by MgSO4
Get PDFSome organic sulfur compounds (OSCs) in crude oil may be derived from thermochemical interactions between petroleum and sulfates in deep buried sedimentary basins. In the present study, experiments on the system of 2, 2, 4-trimethylpentane–MgSO4–H2O were operated at elevated temperatures and elevated pressures. Properties of the products were characterized and the reaction kinetics was tentatively investigated. The results demonstrated that the oxidation of 2, 2, 4-trimethylpentane by MgSO4 occurs above 425 °C to produce a series of organic sulfur compounds, including mercaptans, sulfoethers and thiophenes. The calculated activation energy of the reaction between 2, 2, 4-trimethylpentane and MgSO4 is 50.236 kJ/mol
Thermal Conductivity of Suspended Si Nanostructures: Design and Fabrication
Get PDFIt is presented a process for engineering suspended Si nanostructures in order to measure the thermal conductivity in Si thin films and nanowires based on standard photolithographic techniques. Unlike previous works where the nanostructure was typically grown ex situ, and then mechanically placed and contacted between the two microheaters which introduce a contact thermal resistance that difficult an easy interpretation of the experimental results by increasing the uncertainty of the measured thermal conductance of the nanostructure; in this research, the nanostructure is defined from silicon-on-insulator wafers via FIB with the objective to minimize the thermal contact resistance between the nanostructure under test and the heat sources. It has been demonstrated by experimental measurements that this suspended device is well adapted for the measurement, control and analysis of the thermal conductivity of nanoscale Si thin films and nanowires. FIB micro-fabrication strategy could be used to obtain Si based nanostructures with very low thermal conductivity which is a desirable characteristic in thermoelectric applications for thermal energy harvesting and solid state refrigeration as well
Convergence of the Galerkin Method for Nonlinear Dynamics of the Continuous Structure
Get PDFThe Galerkin truncation method is a powerful method for nonlinear dynamics analysis, and has been widely used to discretize the spatial differential operator. Due to more and more new fields of application, the research interest on the Galerkin method is still high today. In this paper, research on the convergence of Galerkin method for nonlinear dynamics of the continuous structure is thoroughly reviewed. At the beginning, the Galerkin method is briefly introduced. Then, the paper reviews the application of the truncation method. This paper also sums up the comparative study on the Galerkin method with other methods, such as the finite difference method (FDM), the finite element method (FEM), and the multiple time scales method. In the investigations concerning the convergence of the Galerkin method, this paper summarizes recent studies on nonlinear dynamics of the axially moving systems, the continua on the nonlinear foundation, and the belt-pulley systems. Finally, the truncation terms of Galerkin method for the continuous structure's nonlinear dynamics analysis is suggested for the future research applications
Analytical Study of Heat Transfer under Effect of Internal Heat Generation and Radiation over a Stretching Surface
Get PDFHomotopy Analysis Method (HAM) is used to analytically study the heat transfer in a porous medium over a stretching surface with internal heat generation and radiation. The governing equations are transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations and then solved using HAM method. Effects of different physical parameters such as permeability, suction, Prandtl number, radiation and Heat generation have been studied on temperature and velocity fields. And also analytical results have been shown for local skin friction coefficient and the Nusselt number. The analytical solutions have been compared with numerical results which showed remarkable agreements
Regional Groundwater Flow Modeling of the Chalk Aquifer of Beauvais, Paris Basin, North of France
Get PDFIn this paper, a regional model to assess groundwater resources of the shallow groundwater system of Beauvais in the North of France has been satisfactorily completed using geophysical surveys and numerical modeling using MODFLOW-2000. A three-dimensional flow model has been developed for this aquifer using a large amount of available geological and hydrological data. The numerical flow model was calibrated and validated with datasets during 1998–2010. The calibration was done both by the automated parameter PEST and by the trial and error process. The main objective is to quantify the components of the groundwater mass balance, to estimate the hydraulic conductivity distribution and to characterize the hydrologic system. Furthermore, MODFLOW model was used to estimate the recharge, discharge, base flow and water Table fluctuation. Numerical simulations indicate that the Canada lake, located in the Therain valley, acts as a most discharge area for regional groundwater flow. Groundwater inflow from the recharge from Beauvais plateau which is mainly due to precipitation supplies the aquifer with most of its water. Following the calibration process, a sensitivity analysis was carried out. The results show that the aquifer exhibits the highest sensibility to the recharge parameters changes and hydraulic conductivity. The impact of the changes for both these hydraulic parameters appears to differ from large decrease to large increase in total groundwater discharge. The delicate shifts in the groundwater systems, which cause the changes in the recharge and discharge, clearly show the need for hydrological modeling