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Facile Combustion Synthesis of ZnFe2O4 for Photocatalytic Oxidative Desulfurization of Thiophene in Model Oil
Get PDF Nano-ZnFe2O4 photocatalysts are one-step synthesized via solution combustion route, which are characterized by XRD, TEM, and UV-vis DRS. The photocatalytic activity of these samples are evaluated by the removal of thiophene in model oil under visible light irradiation. The influences of fuel amount on the particle size and photocatalytic performance of the as-synthesized catalysts are investigated. The results show that the ZnFe2O4 with the particle size of 21.9 nm exhibits the highest photocatalytic ability, which is acquired using triethylamine hydrochloride as fuel in the fuel-rich combustion condition. The desulfurization yield of model oil can reach 92.5% in 5 h photo-irradiation and the sulfur content can be decreased from 200 ppm to 15 ppm
The Foaming Window – A New Concept and Mechanism for Biocomposite Foams Processing by Two-Step Sintering
Get PDF The two steps sintering process provide economical, technological and innovative advantageous aspects to produce biocomposite foams for alloplastic bone grafts applications. The kinetic window mechanism, working during the 2nd TSS step, provides the nanostructured ceramic matrix, respectively improved biocompatibility. Simultaneously, the high porous structure, fitting the trabecular bone tissue, remained an important technical request of such applications up to this research. The porous biocomposite scaffold could be designed using specific foaming agents, like titanium hydride, calcium carbonate and ammonium bicarbonate, by controlling the foaming reactions depending on the foaming agents’ type and content into the chemical composition of the initial biocomposite powder mixture. The new concept of foaming window, working during the 1st TSS step, includes these factors able to provide the specific foam structure fitting the required biocomposite foams porosity. Both windows may work for the benefit of the nanostructured highly porous biocomposite manufacturing by TSS process, in advantageous technical and economical terms
Degradation of Phenol With A Microwave-Uv Irradiation Treatment System Using NANO-TiO2
Get PDF The degradation of phenol from various industrial effluents becomes essential and studied in this work. The microwave (MW), ultra-violet (UV) and combination treatment systems were designed and TiO2 nanoparticles were used as photocatalyst for the degradation of 1500ppm phenol in a solution. It was observed that the degradation efficiency was less than 10% in both MW and MW-UV systems without a catalyst. However, the addition of TiO2 particles in MW-UV system has increased the phenol degradation efficiency significantly. The extent of increase in degradation efficiency is dependent on the structural and optical characteristics of TiO2, which is affected by the TiO2 preparation method. In this work, the TiO2 nanoparticles with anatase structure were synthesized by hydrothermal (HT) and sol-gel (SG) methods. The synthesized materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction, FT-IR, thermogravimetric analysis, SEM, high resolution TEM and BET method. The higher degradation efficiency of 24% shown by MW-UV-TiO2 (HT) system in 120 minutes as compared to 20% shown by MW-UV-TiO2 (SG) system could be due to higher surface area and better textural properties of TiO2 prepared by hydrothermal treatment. The effect of various initial concentration of phenol (500-1500ppm) on degradation efficiency of MW-UV-TiO2 (HT) system revealed that the increase in the initial phenol concentration decreased the phenol degradation efficiency
A Patent: Innovation in the Bottle and Environmental Approach for Liquid Packaging Material
Get PDF Food packaging is one of the essential steps of food industry because of kinds of reasons such as hygiene, practical usage, fast and easy consumption, long shelf life, good and long preserving of foods etc. This invention related with innovation of bottle that provides preservation, storage and transport of water and similar liquid into containers. Created patent brings a new invention of bottle which has not bottle cap but can be closed easily due to its invented special design thus a patent was obtained for related industries. In the patented design, length of inlet is long in the invention of container. There are one or two register films due to preference bottom of the inlet section. Bottle contains at least two vertical folding edges those have 180o vertical angle and also have at least one or two due to preference horizontal folding edge in the inlet section. Biopolymers from renewable resources have been examined and studied with great interest in recently. Environmental plastics are made from renewable raw materials such as maize and potato starch or the patent article, patent was introduced with suggestion manufacturing designed bottle with biodegradable materials for sustainable environment
Geotechnical Investigations - A Tool for Deciding Mining Method for Chromite Deposits in Odisha State, India
Get PDFThe Chromite deposits of Sukinda valley, Odisha, India are of strategic importance for the development of ferro-alloy industries. Around 90% of the India’s chromite ore production derived from two important chromite bearing belts, namely the Baula-Nuasahi belt and Sukinda valley ultramafic complex deposit. In terms of rock strength properties, the host rocks and ore body at Baula – Nuasahi chromite belt are hard and compact, with some structural defects such as joints, faults and dykes. After extracting the chromite ore by surface mining up to the economic pit bottom, the remaining reserves were being mined by underground method. In the Sukinda valley chromite deposits, both the wall rocks and ore body are weak, highly weathered. These mines were operated by opencast method. As most of the working mines in Sukinda valley reached their economic pit limit and there is no further scope to extract the ore by opencast mining. Since the chromite ore bodies are having considerable mineable strike length, width, and depth persistence, there is no option except to convert them into underground mines to increase the life of the mines. The chromite ore bodies were proved up to depth of 270m by exploratory drilling. Some major mining companies are planning for underground mining operations, due to constraint of limited space available for waste dumping, working with common lease boundary, slope instability, high volume of stripping ratio. To overcome such problems, the basic step is to conduct the detailed geo-technical investigations to avoid any unexpected consequences during mine development and stoping operations. The geo-technical investigations comprised of geotechnical mapping of existing mined out benches using scan line surveys, geo-technical drilling and logging of cores for the estimation of RQD, structural discontinuities, testing of cores for material properties followed by performing numerical modeling to evolve a suitable stoping method and excavation geometry. The paper deals with the results of the geo-technical investigations carried out for the planning and design of underground mine workings, design of stope parameters based on the geo-mining conditions
Conceptual Thinking in Design Studios: Upon Music and form Relation
Get PDF In today’s ever-changing and ever-growing world, new teaching and learning strategies are the focus of attention in order to develop creative thinking in design training. Previous applications of imaginative and formal methods are being evaluated to see their inadequacies, and new approaches are being discussed. Both imagination and form- based approaches are employed to develop creative thinking. Whereas imagination based approaches develop students’ creative thinking, form based ones let them have three dimensional thinking and develop their skills of form creation. In this regard, abstraction- based design studies, which depend upon imagination and concept, are often used to develop students’ form creation skills. Several abstract and concrete different disciplines are starting points in design studios, which enrich students’ imagination and help them develop thinking skills. Music was employed as a source of inspiration in form production using conceptual abstraction within this studio study which resulted from imaginative and formal interaction. In spring semester, 2014-2015 academic year, elective courses such as Creative Thinking and Seat Component, carried out by fellow teaching staff, appear in syllabus of Interior Architecture Department, KTU, and course content and outcomes of studio studies are to be scrutinized within this framework
Optimization of Hydrocarbon Production from Unconventional Shale Reservoirs using Numerical Modelling
Get PDF The success of unconventional hydrocarbon extraction depends on the effective stimulation of reservoir rocks. Industry practice is to conduct a large number of field trials requiring high capital investment and long cycle-time. The workflow outlined in this paper, using best available reservoir data in combination with best available simulation models offer a cheaper and faster alternative approach for optimization of the complete design and for the improvement of production. Integrating subsurface characteristics, well completion, well operation, diagnostic and well performance analysis by using asset specific data, the development of an optimal completion design is possible. This results in the reduction of field trials, which is primarily necessary for achieving the optimal completion design. In addition, it provides valuable insights for further data acquisition to evaluate and forecast performance of the well. This paper introduces the workflow to model, calibrate and optimize the landing and orientation of the well including hydraulic fracturing stimulation design for naturally fractured unconventional shale reservoirs. For fracture simulation, the paper introduces an approach for parametric coupled hydro-mechanical 3D Finite Element (FEM) modeling, including non-linear material modeling of fracture propagation in sedimentary rocks. In order to calculate production out of the created fracture network, estimation of accessible connected hydrocarbons is calculated. For calibration and optimization purposes, automated sensitivity studies for uncertainty variations of the reservoir parameters as well as engineering and operational parameters are performed and are evaluated relative to the resulting Stimulated Reservoir Volume (SRV), Accessible Hydrocarbon initially in Place (AHCIIP) and Estimated Ultimate Recovery (EUR). The current version of this technology does not handle proppant transport and placement. Instead, assumptions are made for proppant acceptance in the fracture network and used in estimating the proppant accepting simulated rock volume, connected hydrocarbons, and hydrocarbon production. Further enhancement of the FEM workflow to capture 3D proppant transport and placement is under development and will be a major update in the upcoming hydraulic fracture simulator version
Mass Transfer of Oxygen and Power Consumption with Highly Viscous Liquid in Gas-Liquid Agitated Vessel
Get PDFThe gas-liquid mass transfer volumetric coefficient (KLa) and power consumption under aeration are important parameters for designing gas-liquid agitated vessel. In this work, KLawas calculated by measuring the dissolved oxygen concentration and the mixing power consumption was calculated by measuringshaft torque in the aerated mixing vessel equipped with several types of large paddle impeller. It was found that the aerated mixing power consumption with the large paddle impellers did not decrease largely, because the large cavity was not formed behind the impeller blade. Then, KLa of large paddle impellers used was correlated with a modified equation of Sato et al. The intercept of Sato’s equation was correlated with the viscosity of CMC aqueous solution. KLaof large paddle impellers is estimated by using the modified Sato’s equation over a wide range of viscosity
AuPt/3DOM CoCr2O4: Highly Active Catalysts for the Combustion of Methane
Get PDF Three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) CoCr2O4 and its supported bimetallic Auy Pt nanocatalysts (xAuyPt/3DOM CoCr2O4, x = 0.49, 0.98, and 1.92 wt%; Au/Pt molar ratio (y) = 0.99, 0.98, and 1.01) were prepared using the polymethyl methacrylate-templating and polyvinyl alcohol-protected reduction methods, respectively. Physicochemical properties of the samples were characterized by means of various techniques. Catalytic activities of the xAuyPt/3DOM CoCr2O4 samples were evaluated for methane combustion. It is found that the 3DOM CoCr2O4 support possessed a single-phase and cubic spinel-type crystal structure, the xAuyPt/3DOM CoCr2O4 samples displayed a high-quality 3DOM architecture and a surface area of 32-33 m2/g, and the AuyPt nanoparticles (NPs) with a size of 3-5 nm were well dispersed on the 3DOM CoCr2O4 surface. The loading of an appropriate amount of AuyPt NPs could enhance the adsorbed oxygen species concentration and low-temperature reducibility of the sample. Among all of the samples, 0.98Au0.98Pt/3DOM CoCr2O4 showed the best catalytic performance: the T10%, T50%, and T90% (temperatures required for achieving methane conversion of 10, 50, and 90 %, respectively) were 253, 315, and 354 oC at a space velocity of 20,000 mL/(g h). It is concluded that the good activity of 0.98Au0.98Pt/3DOM CoCr2O4 was associated with its highly dispersed Au0.98Pt NPs, high adsorbed oxygen species concentration, good low-temperature reducibility, and strong interaction between Au0.98Pt NPs and 3DOM CoCr2O4
On Voltage and Power Indicators for Thermal Noise in Metals
Get PDF Recently a formula for the variance of the thermal voltage between the ends of a conductor has been proposed. We discuss this formula and present numerical values of theoretic voltage and power indicators for a selection of metals. The values obtained for copper are compared with some empirical data. AMS Subject Classification: 83B30, 83B31